Name: physiology lab demonstration: glomerular filtration rate in a rat
Uploaded: 2015-07-26T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Physiology Lab Demonstration: Glomerular Filtration Rate in a Rat at JoVE.com

وكان مصدر التمويل للمظاهرة مختبر منحة NIGMS: GM077119. نشكر الدكتور جوزيف R. هايوود والدكتور بيتر كوبيت على دعمهم للتتسبب قصيرة في التكاملية ونظم الجهاز الصيدلة. كما نشكر السيدة هانا جارفر لها الدعم الفني للمظاهرة المختبر.

قبل الشروع في أي إجراء الحيوان، لجنة رعاية الحيوان واستخدام المؤسسية (IACUC) يجب الموافقة على البروتوكول. وقد وافق هذا البروتوكول من قبل جامعة IACUC ولاية ميشيغان. 1. إعداد قبل مختبر FITC-حبوب الحل <ol style=";text-align:r...

<ol>
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P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glomerular+untrafiltration+in+rabbits+with+superficial+glomeruli.">Glomerular untrafiltration in rabbits with superficial glomeruli.</a> EUropean Journal of Physiology. 419 (3-4), 235-242 (1991).</li><li>Jobin, J., Bonjour, J. -. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+glomerular+filtration+rate+in+conscious+unrestrained+rats+with+inulin+infused+by+implanted+osmotic+pumps.">Measurement of glomerular filtration rate in conscious unrestrained rats with inulin infused by implanted osmotic pumps.</a> Americam Journal of Physiology. 248 (5 Pt 2), F734-F738 (1985).</li><li>Lorenz, J. N., Gruenstein, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple,+nonradioactive+method+for+evaluating+single-nephron+filtration+rate+using+FITC-inulin.">A simple, nonradioactive method for evaluating single-nephron filtration rate using FITC-inulin.</a> Americam Journal of Physiology. 276 (1 Pt 2), F172-F177 (1999).</li><li>Qi, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Serial+determination+of+glomerular+filtration+rate+in+conscious+mice+using+FITC-inulin+clearance.">Serial determination of glomerular filtration rate in conscious mice using FITC-inulin clearance.</a> Americam Journal of Physiology. 286 (3), F590-F596 (2004).</li><li>Bivona, B. J., Park, S., Harrison-Bernard, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glomerular+filtration+rate+determinations+in+conscious+type+II+diabetic+mice.">Glomerular filtration rate determinations in conscious type II diabetic mice.</a> Americam Journal of Physiology. 300 (3), F618-F625 (2011).</li><li>Rosen, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+anaesthesia+and+surgery+on+renal+hemodynamics.">Effects of anaesthesia and surgery on renal hemodynamics.</a> British Journal of Anesthesiology. 44, 252-258 (1972).</li><li>Cousins, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anesthesia+and+the+kidney.">Anesthesia and the kidney.</a> Anaesthesia and intensive care. 11 (4), 292-320 (1983).</li><li>Walter, S. J., Zewde, T., Shirley, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+anaesthesia+and+standard+clearance+procedures+on+renal+function+in+the+rat.">The effect of anaesthesia and standard clearance procedures on renal function in the rat.</a> Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology. 74, 805-812 (1989).</li><li>Rieg, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+high-throughput+method+for+measurement+of+glomerular+filtration+rate+in+conscious+mice.">A high-throughput method for measurement of glomerular filtration rate in conscious mice.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (75), (2013).</li></ol>

علامة المناسبة لقياس GFR يجب أن تفي أربعة معايير هي: أن تتم تصفيته بحرية في الكبيبة، تكون غير منضم إلى بروتينات البلازما، ولا يمكن استيعابها ولا يفرز في كليون. حبوب هو بوليمر الفركتوز الذي يرضي هذه المعايير. ونتيجة لذلك، يعتبر التصفية الكلوية للحبوب المعيار الذهبي لقي...

The most important function of the kidney is the homeostatic regulation of extracellular water and electrolyte content. The kidneys closely regulate extracellular water, sodium (Na) and potassium (K) to maintain normal physiological levels. Disturbances in renal function can result in serious metabolic disorders which can be fatal. The basic renal process occurs in the nephron and begins with the filtration of plasma at the glomerulus and ends with the excretion of urine. Other processes that determine the final concentration of water, Na and K in the urine are secretion and reabsorption within the nephron. Measurements of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the fractional excretion of Na and K are critical in assessing renal function in health and disease. The reader is referred to previously published review articles and textbooks for a more thorough discussion of kidney function1-4. 
GFR can be measured as the steady state renal clearance of inulin which is filtered at the glomerulus, but not secreted or reabsorbed along the nephron5. While this technique requires anesthesia, surgical preparation, and a terminal experiment, it is considered the gold standard of GFR measurement. Using inulin that is tagged with fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC), plasma and urine concentration of FITC-inulin can be easily measured in small volumes and used to calculate GFR during multiple time points of an experiment. The fractional excretion of Na and K can be determined from the concentration of Na and K in plasma and urine. 
The conceptual understanding of how to measure renal function can easily be demonstrated in a short lab designed to allow students to actively participate in some aspects of the experiment. This video depicts the pre-lab preparation, the renal function demonstration, and the post-lab evaluation of results. The surgical techniques necessary for making measurements of GFR are demonstrated in an anesthetized rat. In addition, example calculations for GFR, and the fractional excretion of Na and K are shown before and after administration of a diuretic drug.

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			<td>5-0 Braided Silk Surgical Suture</td>
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			<td>ThermoScientific</td>
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			<td>Strategic Applications Inc.</td>
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			<td>Salix Furosemide 5%</td>
			<td>Intervet</td>
			<td>#34-478</td>
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			<td>Strabismus Scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>14075-11</td>
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			<td>Student Surgical Scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
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			<td>Kimberly-Clark</td>
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			<td>Syringe pump</td>
			<td>Razel Scientific</td>
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			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
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5-0 Braided Silk Surgical Suture Surgical Specialties Corp SP1033 Assay Plate, 96-Well Costar&#160; 3922 Bovine Serum Albumin Sigma Chemical Co A2934-25G Centrifuge Beckman Coulter MicroFuge 18, 357160 Conical Sample Tubes Dot Scientific Inc.&#160; #711-FTG Cotton Tipped Applicators Solon Manufacturing Co 56200 Data Acquisition Software ADInstruments LabChart Pro 7.0 Digital Scale&#160; Denver Instrument APX-4001 FITC-Inulin Sigma Chemical Co F3272-1G Gauze Sponges Covidien 2146 Heated Surgical Bed EZ-Anesthesia EZ-212 Heparin Sagnet NDC 25021-402-10 HEPES Sigma Chemical Co H3375 Isoflurane Abbott Animal Health IsoFlo, 5260-04-05 Isoflurane Vaporizer EZ-Anesthesia EZ-190F Micro Dissecting Forceps Biomedical Research Instruments Inc. 70-1020 Microplate Reader - Fluoroskan ThermoScientific Ascent FL, 5210460 NOVA 5+ Sodium/Potassium Analyzer NOVA BioMedical 14156 Olsen-Hegar Needle Holders with Scissors Fine Science Tools 12002-12 PE-190 (for bladder catheter) BD Medical 427435 Pressure Transducer&#160; ADInstruments MLT1199 Pyrex Culture Tubes Corning Inc. 99445-12 Rat Femoral Tapered Artery Catheter Strategic Applications Inc. RFA-01 Salix Furosemide 5% Intervet #34-478 Strabismus Scissors Fine Science Tools 14075-11 Student Surgical Scissors Fine Science Tools 91402-12 Surgical Gloves Kimberly-Clark Sterling Nitrile Gloves Syringe pump Razel Scientific R99-E Tissue Forceps Fine Science Tools 91121-12 Tissue Scissors George Tiemann&#160; Co 105-420

physiology lab demonstration: glomerular filtration rate in a rat

Measurements of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and the fractional excretion of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) are critical in assessing renal function in health and disease. GFR is measured as the steady state renal clearance of inulin which is filtered at the glomerulus, but not secreted or reabsorbed along the nephron. The fractional excretion of Na and K can be determined from the concentration of Na and K in plasma and urine. The renal clearance of inulin can be demonstrated in an anesthetized animal which has catheters in the femoral artery, femoral vein and bladder. The equipment and supplies used for this procedure are those commonly available in a research core facility, and thus makes this procedure a practical means for measuring renal function. The purpose of this video is to demonstrate the procedures required to perform a lab demonstration in which renal function is assessed before and after a diuretic drug. The presented technique can be utilized to assess renal function in rat models of renal disease.

كان مدر للبول يستخدم في المظاهرة مختبر فوروسيميد الذي يثبط بشكل سريع جدا استيعاب من البوتاسيوم والصوديوم تصفيتها عن طريق الكلى مما أدى إلى زيادة الصوديوم، البوتاسيوم، وإفراز المياه في غضون دقائق من الدواء. بواسطة آلية الأساسية، يجب أن يكون فوروسيميد الحد الأدنى من ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Physiology Lab Demonstration: Glomerular Filtration Rate in a Rat at JoVE.com

Physiology Lab Demonstration: Glomerular Filtration Rate in a Rat

The purpose of this protocol is to demonstrate the principles and techniques for measuring and calculating glomerular filtration rate, urine flow rate, and excretion of sodium and potassium in a rat. This demonstration can be used to provide students with an overall conceptual understanding of how to measure renal function.

علم وظائف الأعضاء مختبر مظاهرة: معدل الترشيح الكبيبي في الجرذ

Measurements of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and the fractional excretion of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) are critical in assessing renal function ...

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