Name: an ex vivo model to study hormone action in the human breast
Uploaded: 2015-01-08T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Ex vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast at JoVE.com

作者感谢洛桑大学医院的M.菲切提供的隆乳照片，M.维尔特和瑞士研究所实验癌症研究能力的研究分子肿瘤学国家中心，生命科学学院，巴黎高等联邦理工学院的A. Ayyanan英国曼彻斯特大学的洛桑技术援助和R·克拉克的批评。这项研究导致这些结果根据赠款协议已获得支持SNF3100A0-112090，Oncosuisse 531817，以及创新药物计划联合执行体没有。 115188，资源，都是由欧盟第七框架计划（FP7 / 2007-2013）和制药工业协会的实物出资公司的欧洲联盟财政贡献。创新药物行动的网址是<a href="http://www.imi.europa.eu/" target="_blank">http://www.imi.europa.eu/</a> 。&lt;/ P&gt;

一般考虑：提前，成立了一个道德的协议，准备调查问卷的患者，并请培训临床人员。使用的材料从乳房缩小成形术手术前，采购授权，并确保病人的同意。组织可以是感染性和需要进行相应的处理。该协议被批准ISREC的伦理委员会 - 瑞士研究所的实验癌症研究。 1.组织回收，加工和生物银行以确保用于生物银行最佳样品的质量，一些步骤进行，在运送到?...

<ol>
	<li>Beral, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Breast+cancer+and+hormone-replacement+therapy+in+the+Million+Women+Study.">Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study.</a> Lancet. 362 (9382), 419-427 (2003).</li><li>MacMahon, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Age+at+first+birth+and+breast+cancer+risk.">Age at first birth and breast cancer risk.</a> Bull World Health Organ. 43 (2), 209-221 (1970).</li><li>Pike, M. C., Krailo, M. D., Henderson, B. E., Casagrande, J. T., Hoel, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term='Hormonal'+risk+factors,+'breast+tissue+age'+and+the+age-incidence+of+breast+cancer.">'Hormonal' risk factors, 'breast tissue age' and the age-incidence of breast cancer.</a> Nature. 303 (5920), 767-770 (1983).</li><li>Brisken, C., O'Malley, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hormone+action+in+the+mammary+gland.">Hormone action in the mammary gland.</a> Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2 (12), a003178 (2011).</li><li>Levenson, A. S., Jordan, V. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MCF-7:+the+first+hormone-responsive+breast+cancer+cell+line.">MCF-7: the first hormone-responsive breast cancer cell line.</a> Cancer Res. 57 (15), 3071-3078 (1997).</li><li>Tanos, T., Rojo, L. J., Echeverria, P., Brisken, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ER+and+PR+signaling+nodes+during+mammary+gland+development.">ER and PR signaling nodes during mammary gland development.</a> Breast Cancer Res. 14 (4), 210 (2012).</li><li>Roskelley, C., Desprez, P., Bissell, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracellular+matrix-dependent+tissue-specific+gene+expression+in+mammary+epithelial+cells+requires+both+physical+and+biochemical+signal+transduction.">Extracellular matrix-dependent tissue-specific gene expression in mammary epithelial cells requires both physical and biochemical signal transduction.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 91 (26), 12378-12382 (1994).</li><li>Kass, L., Erler, J. T., Dembo, M., Weaver, V. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mammary+epithelial+cell:+influence+of+extracellular+matrix+composition+and+organization+during+development+and+tumorigenesis.">Mammary epithelial cell: influence of extracellular matrix composition and organization during development and tumorigenesis.</a> Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 39 (11), 1987-1994 (2007).</li><li>Graham, J. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DNA+replication+licensing+and+progenitor+numbers+are+increased+by+progesterone+in+normal+human+breast.">DNA replication licensing and progenitor numbers are increased by progesterone in normal human breast.</a> Endocrinology. 150 (7), 3318-3326 (2009).</li><li>Wang, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comment+on+&#34;Progesterone/RANKL+is+a+major+regulatory+axis+in+the+human+breast&#34;.">Comment on &#34;Progesterone/RANKL is a major regulatory axis in the human breast&#34;.</a> Sci Transl Med. 5 (215), 215le214 (2013).</li><li>Brisken, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progesterone+signalling+in+breast+cancer:+a+neglected+hormone+coming+into+the+limelight.">Progesterone signalling in breast cancer: a neglected hormone coming into the limelight.</a> Nat Rev Cancer. 13 (6), 385-396 (2013).</li><li>Xu, R., Boudreau, A., Bissell, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+architecture+and+function:+dynamic+reciprocity+via+extra-+and+intra-cellular+matrices.">Tissue architecture and function: dynamic reciprocity via extra- and intra-cellular matrices.</a> Cancer Metastasis Rev. 28 (1-2), 167-176 (2009).</li><li>Tanos, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progesterone/RANKL+is+a+major+regulatory+axis+in+the+human+breast.">Progesterone/RANKL is a major regulatory axis in the human breast.</a> Sci Transl Med. 5 (182), 182ra155 (2013).</li><li>Yalcin-Ozuysal, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antagonistic+roles+of+Notch+and+p63+in+controlling+mammary+epithelial+cell+fate.">Antagonistic roles of Notch and p63 in controlling mammary epithelial cell fate.</a> Cell Death Differ. 17 (10), 1600-1610 (2010).</li><li>Hines, W. C., Su, Y., Kuhn, I., Polyak, K., Bissell, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sorting+out+the+FACS:+a+devil+in+the+details.">Sorting out the FACS: a devil in the details.</a> Cell Rep. 6 (5), 779-781 (2014).</li></ol>

此处所描述的体外培养提供了含有完整导管和小叶，连同在人类女性乳房通常存在的其它细胞类型的乳房组织的微观结构。在通常从降低mammoplasties获得的人类乳房组织的处理中，去除脂肪组织，基质基质的机械和酶消化，和血红细胞裂解的丰富的牛奶导管片段和终端导管小叶单位。轻柔酶促消化在合适的浓度，为右持续时间是至关重要，以确保组织的微结构保持不变，保留多种细胞类型，...

A correction was made to <a href="/video/52436">An Ex Vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast</a>. There was an error with the author, Marie Shamsheddin&#39;s, name. The author&#39;s name has been corrected to:
Marie Shamseddin
instead of:
Marie Shamsheddin

A correction to the author list has been made for the article <a href="/video/52436">An Ex Vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast</a>.

Erratum: An Ex Vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast

关于乳腺癌的突变的景观信息正以迅猛的速度。更少的受到人们的重视，以影响乳腺癌的发展全身因素。暴露于生殖激素对疾病进展1-3产生重大影响。然而，通过该生殖激素撞击在人乳腺癌的机制知之甚少。遗传工程小鼠模型的工作表明，它们涉及到一些下游效应4细胞的内在和旁分泌信号。 有关激素作用于人体乳房的知识有限，主要是由于缺乏足够的模型。大多数工作对雌激素受体（ER）和孕酮受体（PR）信令的机制已被执行激素受体阳性的乳腺癌细胞系，如MCF-7和T47D。这些来源于胸腔积液患者晚期乳腺癌谁曾alreaDY接受多次治疗5。在人乳腺癌的这种简单的体外模型的发现的生物相关性是在这些体外模型确定可疑和靶基因是不同于那些在动物模型6鉴定靶基因。当主人乳腺上皮细胞在体外培养它们往往会失去激素受体 ​​表达，因此激素反应7,8。这个问题可以通过使用基质胶尖端的3D方法来circumventd。以这种方式，克拉克和同事成功地建立了该保持激素受体 ​​的表达，并显示出对孕酮刺激9增殖反应乳腺上皮细胞。然而，2 体内孕激素受体 ​​的靶基因重要的是， 的Wnt-4和RANKL，均未在孕酮刺激诱 ​​导在该系统9。这种方法是最近采取进一步在体外 </EM&gt;激素预处理和RANKL诱导达到10。一个警告仍然是基质胶具有是批次依赖性的活动，是昂贵的，并且要求的实验设计，易于仅用于小细胞数。 基于这一发现， 在体内 ER和PR信号在很大程度上是由旁分泌相互作用11介导的，我们认为，细胞间的相互作用需要维护。即失去作为组织的另一个重要因素是解离为单细胞的体外培养是上皮细胞与细胞外基质之间的相互作用;但这些都是上皮细胞分化的关键和他们的破坏是肿瘤发生的重要12。考虑到这一点，我们建立了一个方法，从新鲜手术丢弃材料13分离乳腺组织的微观结构。乳房实质，由两层上皮内管腔和外myoepitheli人的细胞中，从脂肪组织解剖距离，并进行机械和酶解。洗涤和离心后，乳管的片段保留与许多基质细胞密切相互作用获得的。这些组织的微观结构保持激素反应。该模型在临床标本13进行了验证。这样，本程序可以帮助研究激素作用在乳房中的生物和临床相关的上下文。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="877">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:260px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:335px;">Microlitre Centrifuge&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Heraeus Biofuge Fresco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">75005521</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Centrifuge 5810R</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5810 000.327</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Cryobox</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Nalgene&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5100-0001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:335px;">Controlled Rate Freezer EF600 Grant</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Asymptote&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">EF600</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:335px;">CO2 incubator</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Hera Cell Heraeus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">51022391</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Roller Mixer SRT9D</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Sturt</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SRT9D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Histology Cassettes</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Medizintechnik</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">81-0021-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Cell Strainer</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">352340</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Strile Surgical Blade&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Aesculap</td>
			<td>BB536&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Scalpel</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Aesculap</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BB084R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Aesculap</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BD047R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Aesculap</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BC374R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Paraffin base mold</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">SAKURA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4166</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Optimal Cutting Temperature (OCT) Cryomatrix</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Thermoscientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">6769006</td>
			<td style="width:260px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Penicillin/Streptomycin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15070-063</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Antibiotic/Antimycotic</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15240-062</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">DMEM F/12</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11039-021</td>
			<td>Prewarm (37&#176;C)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Collagenase</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Roche</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11 088 793 001</td>
			<td>Prewarm (37&#176;C)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10270</td>
			<td>Can be replaced with Fetal Calf Serum</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Cell Blood Lysis Buffer</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">R7757</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:335px;">Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D2650</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Trypsin-EDTA</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15400-054</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Agarose</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">16500-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Formaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">F1635</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Roth</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">335</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Isopentane</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M32631</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1009831000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:335px;">Cryogenic vials (5.0ml)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">VWR, International</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">479-0820</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:335px;">Ultra low attachment culture dish</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Corning, NY 14831</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3471</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an ex vivo model to study hormone action in the human breast

的激素作用在人乳房的研究已经阻碍了缺乏适当的模型系统。经体外培养，初级乳腺上皮细胞往往会失去激素受体 ​​的表达。广泛使用的激素受体 ​​阳性的乳腺癌细胞系的体内情况相关性有限。在这里，我们描述了一个体外模型来研究激素作用于人的乳房。新鲜的人乳腺组织标本从外科废弃材料如还原mammoplasties或mammectomies被机械和酶促消化以获得包含导管和小叶和多种基质细胞类型的组织碎片。保持在基础培养基不含生长因子，这些组织的微结构保持它们的细胞间接触的组织架构，并保持激素反应数天。它们可容易地处理用于RNA和蛋白质的提取，组织学分析或存储在冷冻介质。荧光激活细胞分选（FACS）可以用来富集特定细胞群。该协议提供了具有高度复杂，多样的人体标本翻译研究一个简单的，标准的方法。

研究雌激素和孕激素的作用，更好地了解人类乳腺癌的分子功能，我们收集获得他们的知情同意后进行还原mammoplasties（ 图1）患者的新鲜人类乳腺组织标本。我们还获得了患者的医疗和生育史，以及血液样品，以确定血清孕酮水平在手术的时间。从新鲜还原mammoplasties组织被机械地和酶促解离。所得的组织微结构具有导管和小叶的原点（ 图2A）的乳腺组织的特性。琼脂糖?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Ex vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast at JoVE.com

An Ex vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast

我们已经开发出一种新的体外模型来研究激素作用在人的乳房。它是基于组织的微结构从外科乳腺组织标本其中保存组织结构，细胞间的相互作用，以及旁分泌信号隔离。

一个<em&gt;体外</em&gt;模型在乳腺癌研究激素的作用

The study of hormone action in the human breast has been hampered by lack of adequate model systems. Upon in vitro culture, primary mammary epithelial ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

An Ex vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast

Biomarkers in an Animal Model for Revealing Neural, Hematologic, and Behavioral Correlates of PTSD

在动物模型揭示神经，血液，创伤后应激障碍和行为相关因素的生物标志物

Identification of biomarkers representing the evolution of the pathophysiology of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is vitally important, not only for ...

科研

医学

Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Lines as a Three-Dimensional Model for the Study of Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Therapy

人类神经内分泌肿瘤细胞株为研究人类神经内分泌肿瘤治疗的三维模型

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare tumors, with an incidence of two per 100,&#x200A;000 individuals per year, and they account for 0.5% of all human ...

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

一个人力<em&gt;前体内</em&gt;动脉粥样硬化斑块模型研究病变的生物学

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vasculature. There are various methods to study the inflammatory compound in atherosclerotic ...

Excitotoxic Stimulation of Brain Microslices as an In vitro Model of Stroke

Excitotoxic Stimulation of Brain Microslices as an In vitro Model of Stroke

脑Microslices的兴奋性刺激作为<em&gt;在体外</em&gt;中风模型

Examining molecular mechanisms involved in neuropathological conditions, such as ischemic stroke, can be difficult when using whole animal systems. As ...

Human Dupuytren's Ex Vivo Culture for the Study of Myofibroblasts and Extracellular Matrix Interactions

Human Dupuytren's Ex Vivo Culture for the Study of Myofibroblasts and Extracellular Matrix Interactions

人掌腱膜挛缩的<em&gt;离体</em&gt;文化为肌成纤维细胞的研究和细胞外基质相互作用

Organ fibrosis or &#8220;scarring&#8221; is known to account for a high death toll due to the extensive amount of disorders and organs affected (from ...

Methods for Culturing Human Femur Tissue Explants to Study Breast Cancer Cell Colonization of the Metastatic Niche

方法培养人股骨组织外植体，究其利基转移性乳腺癌细胞定居

Bone is the most common site of breast cancer metastasis. Although it is widely accepted that the microenvironment influences cancer cell behavior, little ...

In Vivo and Ex Vivo Approaches to Study Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Colonization of Milky Spot Structures in Peritoneal Adipose

In Vivo and Ex Vivo Approaches to Study Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Colonization of Milky Spot Structures in Peritoneal Adipose

在体内和体外途径研究银河系结构现货卵巢癌转移定植腹膜脂肪

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), the cause of widespread peritoneal metastases, continues to have an extremely poor prognosis; fewer than 30% of ...

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Spontaneous Breast Cancer Metastasis

自发性乳腺癌转移的原位小鼠模型

Metastasis is the primary cause of mortality of breast cancer patients. The mechanism underlying cancer cell metastasis, including breast cancer ...

Depletion of Mouse Cells from Human Tumor Xenografts Significantly Improves Downstream Analysis of Target Cells

从人类肿瘤异种移植的小鼠细胞的消耗显着改善靶细胞下游分析

The use of in vitro cell line models for cancer research has been a useful tool. However, it has been shown that these models fail to reliably mimic ...

Breast Milk Enhances Growth of Enteroids: An Ex Vivo Model of Cell Proliferation

Breast Milk Enhances Growth of Enteroids: An Ex Vivo Model of Cell Proliferation

母乳促进 Enteroids 的生长: 一个前体细胞增殖模型

Human small intestinal enteroids are derived from the crypts and when grown in a stem cell niche contain all of the epithelial cell types. The ability to ...