Name: contrast imaging in mouse embryos using high-frequency ultrasound
Uploaded: 2015-03-04T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Contrast Imaging in Mouse Embryos Using High-frequency Ultrasound at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the Terry Fox Program of the National Cancer Institute of Canada.

ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ: экспериментальные методики, проведенные в этом исследовании, были одобрены Комитетом по уходу за животными в Sunnybrook научно-исследовательского института (Торонто, Онтарио, Канада) на. Процедуры для гуманного обращения с животными должны соблюдаться во все времена. Предполаг...

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Ультразвуковые контрастные агенты вводили в поздней стадии эмбрионов беременность мыши и нелинейных контрастных изображений были приобретены для измерения параметров перфузии и целевых микропузырьков обязательными. Успешное изображений микропузырьков в пределах эмбрионального с...

Контрастное ультразвуковое исследование использует микропузырьков контрастных агентов для визуализации и характеризуют сосудистой оболочке. Эти агенты позволяют неинвазивного оценку микроциркуляции, кровеносных сосудов и сердечно-сосудистой системы. Кроме того, модификация поверхности пузырька может привести к целевой микропузырьков связывания с эндотелиальными биомаркеров, как показано в доклинических приложений ангиогенеза, атеросклероза и воспаления 1,2 делая молекулярную ультразвуковой визуализации сосудистых событий возможных. Поэтому Контраст усиливается ультразвук может быть использован для идентификации сложные и разнообразные среды, влияющие на здоровых и больных сосудистые состояния 3-5. В последние несколько лет интерес к полезности изображений микропузырьков расширилась до универсала модели мышиного эмбриона. В качестве модели развития млекопитающих, введение микропузырьков в эмбриональном сосудистой повышает физиологическиеИсследование развивающихся сердечно-сосудистой системы (например, потока крови, сердечный выброс) и в тех случаях, трансгенных и целевых мутантных мышах болезни сердца 6,7, может дать представление о том, как генетические факторы изменения сердечно-сосудистой системы. В самом деле, количественный и качественный 2D анализ эмбрионального сосудистой мозговой уже достигнуты 8. Кроме того, эмбрион мыши представляет как прекрасным примером для изучения связывания целевых микропузырьков сосудистых маркеров в естественных условиях. Bartelle и др. 9, например, ввели авидин микропузырьков в зачаточном желудочков сердца с целью оценки целенаправленное связывание в Biotag-Бира трансгенных эмбрионов и изучить сосудистую анатомию. Поколение гетерозиготных и гомозиготных мышиных моделях может быть также использован в качестве суррогата модели опухоли исследований, направленных на определение количественного природы молекулярного УЗИ - важный ориентир в переводе эту технику в клинику. 8-10. В утробе матери инъекций, однако, сталкиваются с целым рядом проблем. Они включают в себя инъекции руководство, необходимость борьбы с движением у матери и экстериоризированного эмбриона, поддержание гемодинамики жизнеспособности у матери и выводили эмбрионов, обращаясь долгосрочные последствия анестезии и осложнения, связанные с кровотечением 11. Таким образом, цель исследования состояла в разработке методики для введения микропузырьков в изолированных жилых поздней стадии эмбрионов 12. Эта опция предлагает больше свободы в плане управления впрыском и позиционирования, воспроизводимости плоскости изображения, без препятствий, и упрощенного анализа изображений и количественной оценки. В настоящем исследовании мы опишем новый порядок введения микропузырьков в живых эмбрионов мышей FOR целях изучения микропузырьков кинетическое поведение и изучения целевой микропузырьков связывания эндогенных эндотелиальных поверхностных маркеров. Нелинейная конкретных изображений контраст УЗИ используется для измерения ряда основных параметров перфузии в том числе пик повышения (PE), промыть в скорости и времени до пика (ТТП) в изолированных зародышей E17.5. Мы также продемонстрировать справедливость модели эмбриона для оценки количественной природы молекулярной ультразвука в эмбриональной потере эндоглин функции трансгенных мышах, где эндоглин является клинически значимым целевой благодаря своей высокой экспрессии в эндотелиальных клетках сосудов в местах активного ангиогенеза 13 , Адгезия эндоглина ориентированные (MB E), крысы изотипического IgG 2 управления (MB C) и нецелевые (MB U) микропузырьков оценивали в гетерозиготном эндоглина (Eng +/-) и гомозиготной эндоглина (Eng + / +), выражающая эмбрионов. Анализ целевого биндинг показывает, что молекулярная УЗИ способны дифференцироваться между эндоглина генотипов и относящихся плотности рецепторов к количественному уровнях молекулярных ультразвука.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1477">
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:419px;">Reagents</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:639px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:419px;"></td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
			<td style="width:207px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Antibodies (biotinylated, eBioscience)</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
			<td style="width:207px;"></td>
			<td>Antibody choice depends on the experiment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; rat isotype IgG2 control</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">eBioscience</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">13-4321-85</td>
			<td>This antibody/microbubble combination is often required as experimental control&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; biotin anti-mouse CD309</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">eBioscience</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">13-5821-85</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Biotinylated rat MJ 7/18 antibody to mouse endoglin</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">In house hybridoma</td>
			<td style="width:207px;"></td>
			<td>Outside antibodies may also be appropriate: we&#160; have used eBioscience (13-1051-85 ) in the past</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Distilled water</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
			<td style="width:207px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Embryo media</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
			<td style="width:207px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 500 mL Dulbecco&#8217;s Modified Eagle&#8217;s Medium with high glucose</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D5796</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 50 mL Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">30-2020</td>
			<td>lot # 7592456</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; Hepes&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">15630</td>
			<td>5mL, 1M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; Penicillin-Streptomycin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">15140-122</td>
			<td>5 mL, 10,000 units Pen., 10,000 ug Strep</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Ethanol, 70%</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
			<td style="width:207px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Ice</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
			<td style="width:207px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">76240</td>
			<td>4%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Phosphate Buffered Saline [1x]&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">D8537</td>
			<td>1x, w/o calcium chloride &#38; magnesium chloride</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Pregnant mouse, CD-1</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Charles River Laboratories Inc.&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:207px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">0.9% sodium chloride (saline)</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Hospira</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">0409-7984-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Ultrasound contrast agent, target ready and untargeted</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">MicroMarker; VisualSonics Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:207px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Ultrasound gel (Aquasonic 100, colourless)</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">CSP Medical</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">133-1009</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
			<td style="width:207px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
			<td style="width:207px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;"></td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
			<td style="width:207px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Cell culture plates (4) :&#160; 100x20 mm</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">08-772-22</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Cell culture plates (12) : 60x15 mm</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">D8054</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:419px;">Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Sorvall Legend RT centrifuge&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:207px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Conical tubes, 50 mL BD Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">21008-938</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Diluent</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Isoton II Diluent, 8448011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Dissection scissors (Wagner)</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Wagner 14068-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Forceps (2), Dumont SS (0.10x0.06 mm)</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">11200-33</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Forceps, splinter</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">25601-134</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Glass beaker, 2 L (Griffin Beaker)</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">89000-216</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Glass capillaries, 1x90 mm GD-1 with filament</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Narishige</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">GD-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Glass needle puller</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Narishige</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">PN-30</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Gloves</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Ansell</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">4002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Gross anatomy probe</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">10088-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Hot plate</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">89090-994</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Ice bucket</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Cole Parmer</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">RK 06274-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Imaging Platform</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">VisualSonics Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Integrated Rail System</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Light source, fiber-optic</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">12-562-36</td>
			<td>Ideally has adjustable arms</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Luers (12), polypropylene barbed female &#188;-28 UNF thread</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Cole Parmer</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">45500-30</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Micro-ultrasound system, high-frequency</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">VisualSonics Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Vevo2100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Needles, 21 gauge&#160; (1&#8221;)</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">305165</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Particle size analyzer</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Multisizer 3 Coulter Counter</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Perforated spoon (Moria)</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">MC 17 10373-17</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Pins (6), black anodized minutien 0.15 mm</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">26002-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="57">
			<td height="57" style="height:57px;">Pipettors [2-20 uL, 20-200uL, 100-1000uL]</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Research Plus&#160; adjustable 3120000038;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 3120000054;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 3120000062</td>
			<td style="width:639px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="38">
			<td height="38" style="height:38px;">Pipettor tips [2-200uL, 50-1000uL]</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">epT.I.P.S.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 22491334;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 022491351</td>
			<td style="width:639px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
			<td style="width:207px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Sylgard 184 Silicone Elastomer Kit</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Dow Corning</td>
			<td style="width:207px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Tubing, Tygon laboratory 1/32x3/32&#8221;</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">63010-007</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Wooden applicator stick (swab, cotton head)</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">CA89031-270</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Surgical microscope 5-8x magnification</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Steromaster</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Syringes, 1 mL Normject</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">14-817-25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Syringes (10), 30 mL</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">CA64000-041</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Syringe infusion pump&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Bio-lynx&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">NE-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Thermometer, -20-110oC</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">89095-598</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Timer</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">33501-418</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Tubes, Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">20170-577</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Tube racks (3)</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">82024-462</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Ultrasound transducer, 20 MHz</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">VisualSonics Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">MS250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Vannas-Tubingen, angled up</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">15005-08</td>
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contrast imaging in mouse embryos using high-frequency ultrasound

Ultrasound contrast-enhanced imaging can convey essential quantitative information regarding tissue vascularity and perfusion and, in targeted applications, facilitate the detection and measure of vascular biomarkers at the molecular level. Within the mouse embryo, this noninvasive technique may be used to uncover basic mechanisms underlying vascular development in the early mouse circulatory system and in genetic models of cardiovascular disease. The mouse embryo also presents as an excellent model for studying the adhesion of microbubbles to angiogenic targets (including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) or &#945;v&#946;3) and for assessing the quantitative nature of molecular ultrasound. We therefore developed a method to introduce ultrasound contrast agents into the vasculature of living, isolated embryos. This allows freedom in terms of injection control and positioning, reproducibility of the imaging plane without obstruction and motion, and simplified image analysis and quantification. Late gestational stage (embryonic day (E)16.6 and E17.5) murine embryos were isolated from the uterus, gently exteriorized from the yolk sac and microbubble contrast agents were injected into veins accessible on the chorionic surface of the placental disc. Nonlinear contrast ultrasound imaging was then employed to collect a number of basic perfusion parameters (peak enhancement, wash-in rate and time to peak) and quantify targeted microbubble binding in an endoglin mouse model. We show the successful circulation of microbubbles within living embryos and the utility of this approach in characterizing embryonic vasculature and microbubble behavior.

Инъекция ультразвуковых контрастных агентов в бывших маточно мышиных эмбрионов зависит от успешного выделения живых, в конце гестационного эмбрионов на стадии от матки и поддержание жизнеспособности в течение курса инъекций и связанной изображений ультразвука. После того, как ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Contrast Imaging in Mouse Embryos Using High-frequency Ultrasound at JoVE.com

Contrast Imaging in Mouse Embryos Using High-frequency Ultrasound

Здесь мы приводим протокол для употребления инъекционных ультразвуковые микропузырьков контрастных агентов в живую, изолированных поздно созревания эмбрионов на стадии мышиных. Этот метод позволяет изучать параметров перфузии и сосудистых молекулярных маркеров в пределах эмбриона с использованием высокочастотного изображений контрастным усилением УЗИ.

Контраст изображений в эмбрионов мыши с помощью высокочастотной ультразвуковой

Ultrasound contrast-enhanced imaging can convey essential quantitative information regarding tissue vascularity and perfusion and, in targeted ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Analyzing In Vivo Cell Migration using Cell Transplantations and Time-lapse Imaging in Zebrafish Embryos

Analyzing In Vivo Cell Migration using Cell Transplantations and Time-lapse Imaging in Zebrafish Embryos

Анализ<em&gt; В Vivo</em&gt; Миграция клеток с использованием мобильных трансплантаций и время покадровой визуализации у эмбрионов данио рерио

Cell migration is key to many physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer metastasis. The cellular and molecular bases of cell migration ...

Live Imaging of Mouse Secondary Palate Fusion

Живая визуализация мышей

The fusion of the secondary palatal shelves to form the intact secondary palate is a key process in mammalian development and its disruption can lead to ...

A Novel Use of Three-dimensional High-frequency Ultrasonography for Early Pregnancy Characterization in the Mouse

Роман использования трехмерного УЗИ высокой частоты для ранней беременности характеристика в мышь

High-frequency ultrasonography (HFUS) is a common method to non-invasively monitor the real-time development of the human fetus in utero. The mouse is ...

Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound (30/45MHZ) System

Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System

Плода мышь сердечнососудистой визуализации с помощью системы высокой частоты ультразвука (30/45 МГц)

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common cause of childhood morbidity and early mortality. Prenatal detection&#160;of the underlying molecular ...

Visualizing the Node and Notochordal Plate In Gastrulating Mouse Embryos Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Whole Mount Immunofluorescence

Визуализация узлов и Notochordal пластины в Gastrulating эмбрионов мыши, используя растровая электронная микроскопия и вся гора иммунофлуоресценции

The post-implantation mouse embryo undergoes major shape changes after the initiation of gastrulation and morphogenesis. A hallmark of morphogenesis is ...

High Frequency Ultrasound for the Analysis of Fetal and Placental Development In Vivo

High Frequency Ultrasound for the Analysis of Fetal and Placental Development In Vivo

Высокочастотный ультразвук для анализа развития плода и плаценты в естественных условиях

Ultrasound imaging is a widespread method used to detect organ anomalies and tumors in human and animal tissues. The method is non-invasive, harmless, and ...

Analysis of Congenital Heart Defects in Mouse Embryos Using Qualitative and Quantitative Histological Methods

Анализ врожденных пороков сердца в эмбрионах маусов с использованием квалификационных и количественных гистологических методов

Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common type of birth defect in humans, affecting up to 1% of all live births. However, the underlying causes ...

High-Frequency Ultrasound Echocardiography to Assess Zebrafish Cardiac Function

Высокочастотная ультразвуковая эхокардиография для оценки сердечной функции зебры

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a very popular model organism in cardiovascular research, including human cardiac diseases, largely due to its ...

Imaging Intranuclear Actin Rods in Live Heat Stressed Drosophila Embryos

Imaging Intranuclear Actin Rods in Live Heat Stressed Drosophila Embryos

Изображение Внутриядерных Actin Роды в Live Heat подчеркнул Drosophila эмбрионов

The purpose of this protocol is to visualize intranuclear actin rods that assemble in live Drosophila melanogaster embryos following heat stress. Actin ...

Is My Mouse Pregnant? High-Frequency Ultrasound Assessment

Моя мышь беременна? Высокочастотная ультразвуковая оценка

The mouse is the mammalian animal model of choice for many human diseases and biological processes. Developmental biology often requires staged-pregnant ...