Name: two-photon imaging of cellular dynamics in the mouse spinal cord
Uploaded: 2015-02-22T16:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Two-photon Imaging of Cellular Dynamics in the Mouse Spinal Cord at JoVE.com

This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grants R01 GM-41514 (to M.D.C.), R39 GM-048071 (to I.P.), and R01 NS-074987 (to T.E.L.) and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS) Collaborative Center Research Award CA1058-A-8 (to C.M.W., T.E.L. and M.D.C.), NMSS Grant RG4925, NIH Training Grant T32-AI-060573 (to M.L.G.), NMSS Postdoctoral Fellowship FG 1960-A-1 (to J.G.W.), and funding from the George E. Hewitt Foundation for Medical Research (M.P.M.).

Declaração de Ética: NOTA: O protocolo para manejo dos animais foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Cuidados e Uso do animal Institucional (IACUC) da Universidade da Califórnia, em Irvine, protocolo nº 2010-2943. 1. A remoção da Medula Espinhal <ol><li> Coloque folhas de papel umedecido com ~ 100% de isoflurano líquido, USP em câmara de eutanásia e coloque toalhas de papel seco em cima. Coloque o mouse na câmara em cima de toalhas de papel secas tão mouse não está tocando o isofluran...

<ol>
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Real-time 2P imagiologia de tecido intacto é necessária para investigar a cinética da APN e interacções após o transplante para o rato demyelinated medula espinhal. Intravital 2P imagem é utilizada para determinar a dinâmica celular na face dorsal da medula espinal em ratos vivos, e tem sido utilizada para estudar a desmielinização dorsal em doenças desmielinizantes 17-19. No entanto, porque NPCs transplantadas migrar para a substância branca ventral, o qual se encontra muito profundo para imagem ...

Modelos de ratos de desmielinização, incluindo a encefalomielite autoimune experimental (EAE) e infecção intracraniana com neuroadapted vírus da hepatite do camundongo (MHV), são excelentes ferramentas para estudar vias moleculares e interações celulares associados à doença. Eles têm conduzido a e suportado a eficácia de terapias farmacêuticas aprovado pela FDA, principalmente contra a cessação de autoimunidade e inflamação 1. No entanto, uma vez que a remielinização endógeno falhou, as terapias actualmente aprovadas não eficaz para reparar lesões de desmielinização do sistema nervoso central. Portanto, terapias focadas no reparo nesta fase da doença são fundamentais para o alívio de sintomas crônicos e melhoria da qualidade de vida. Recentemente, as células precursoras neurais (NPCs) vieram à tona como um potencial modalidade terapêutica regenerativa para atingir áreas de inflamação e desmielinização. Vários estudos têm destacado a capacidade de NPCs para induzir endógenonos remielinização e participar diretamente remielinização 2-8. Porque NPCs estão envolvidos em remielinização direta, é imperativo compreender a sua cinética e interações com células endógenas após o transplante. Após o transplante, NPCs migrar ventralmente para áreas de lesões da substância branca, em seguida, rostral caudal e relativas ao local de transplante 5,9. A cinética da migração diferem em resposta aos estímulos ambientais; NPCs transplantadas em uma medula espinhal não danificado têm velocidades maiores que as NPCs transplantadas em uma medula espinhal danificada 6. Depois de um período migratório, transferido NPCs proliferam extensivamente, a uma taxa mais elevada num medular danificado em relação a uma medula espinhal intacta 6. Finalmente, a maioria dos NPCs diferenciar em oligodendrócitos e iniciar 4,6,9 remielinização directa. A lesão desmielinização é complexo e pode incluir uma população diversa de células em vários estágios de umctivation. Por exemplo, uma lesão activa esclerose múltipla (EM) podem incluir uma população significativa de células T activadas, a microglia e macrófagos M1 M1, mas uma lesão crónica MS silenciosa pode ser constituída essencialmente por astrócitos reactivos com poucas células inflamatórias 10-13. Devido à diversidade de células efectoras, de dois fotões (2P) de imagem em modelos de rato de desmielinização é uma ferramenta extremamente útil para ajudar a compreender as interacções celulares locais no interior da lesão. Em muitos modelos de MS e MS de investigação amplamente utilizadas, a maioria das lesões está localizada no lado ventral da medula espinhal, uma região inacessível para imagens intravital 2P devido à profundidade da lesão e o elevado teor de lípidos da medula espinhal. Para contornar esses problemas e as interações célula-célula estudo dentro de lesões ao longo da medula espinhal ventral, temos desenvolvido um simples ex vivo 2P preparação imaging 6. Este estudo segue-se uma publicação métodos anterior, que mostrouo procedimento para o transplante reforçada proteína verde fluorescente (eGFP) NPCs -expressing para a medula espinhal de ratos após JHMV estirpe de desmielinização induzida por MHV 14. Cinco semanas ratos velhos são infectadas com JHMV e transplantados com eGFP-NPCs ao nível torácico 9 no dia 14 pós-infecção. O protocolo apresentado aqui fornece etapas detalhadas sobre como extrair a medula espinhal, fazer uma preparação ex vivo agarose, e imagem transplantado interações eGFP-NPC com melhor proteína fluorescente amarela (EYFP) axônios -expressing. Ratos que expressam EYFP sob a Thy1 promotor específico neuronal foram usados ​​neste procedimento de 15. Apenas alguns dos axônios expressar EYFP, tornando-o útil para a imagem latente axônios individuais. Aqui nós mostramos medulas espinhais removidas em 7 dias pós-transplante; no entanto, a espinal medula pode ser extraída em qualquer momento após o transplante. Enquanto que mostram as interacções de NPCs com axónios danificados, o nosso protocolo pode ser utilizado em combinação com marcadores fluorescentes genéticosde outros tipos de células para investigar uma variedade de interacções celulares que ocorrem durante todo o rato medula espinhal.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">Name of Reagent/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Comments/Description</td>
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		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:381px;">Isoflurane, USP</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Piramal Critical Care, Inc</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">Fine scissors</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">14060-09</td>
			<td>sharp</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">scalpel blade #10</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">10010-00</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">scalpel handle</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">10003-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">Luer rongeurs</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">16001-15</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">Graefe forceps</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">11052-10</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">Vannas scissors</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">15615-08</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">scalpel blade #11</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">10011-00</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">RPMI-1640</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">12-115F</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">agarose, low gelling temperature</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">A9414-25G</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">Parafilm</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">13-374-12</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">Vetbond (tissue adhesive)</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">1469SB</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">22 mm square cover slip</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">12-547</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">25x dipping objective, 1.1 NA</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Nikon</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">CFI Apo LWD 25XW</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">Single inline solution heater</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Warner Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">64-0102</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">520 nm single-edge dichroic beam splitter</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Semrock</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">FF520-Di02-25x36</td>
			<td>Brightline</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">560 nm single-edge dichroic beam splitter</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Semrock</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">FF560-FDi01-25x36</td>
			<td>Brightline</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">photomultiplier tubes</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Hamamatsu</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">R928</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">C/L variable-speed tubing pump</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Masterflex</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">77122-22</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">digital thermometer</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Comar Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">3501</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">Chameleon Ultra Ti:Sapphire laser&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Coherent</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">N/A</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">Slidebook 6 software</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">3i</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:381px;">Imaris 7.7 software</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Bitplane</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
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two-photon imaging of cellular dynamics in the mouse spinal cord

Two-photon (2P) microscopy is utilized to reveal cellular dynamics and interactions deep within living, intact tissues. Here, we present a method for live-cell imaging in the murine spinal cord. This technique is uniquely suited to analyze neural precursor cell (NPC) dynamics following transplantation into spinal cords undergoing neuroinflammatory demyelinating disorders. NPCs migrate to sites of axonal damage, proliferate, differentiate into oligodendrocytes, and participate in direct remyelination. NPCs are thereby a promising therapeutic treatment to ameliorate chronic demyelinating diseases. Because transplanted NPCs migrate to the damaged areas on the ventral side of the spinal cord, traditional intravital 2P imaging is impossible, and only information on static interactions was previously available using histochemical staining approaches. Although this method was generated to image transplanted NPCs in the ventral spinal cord, it can be applied to numerous studies of transplanted and endogenous cells throughout the entire spinal cord. In this article, we demonstrate the preparation and imaging of a spinal cord with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein-expressing axons and enhanced green fluorescent protein-expressing transplanted NPCs.

<html> Embora o protocolo explantado imagiologia medula espinal pode ser utilizado para visualizar qualquer fluorescência na medula espinhal, os nossos resultados demonstram representativos interacções eGFP-NPC com EYFP-axónios. Em primeiro lugar, vamos mostrar a preparação cabo embutido ventral espinhal na Figura 1A. A seguir, mostram a configuração de 2P microscópio e componentes principais na Figura 1B. A Figura 2 demonstra eGFP e EYFP fluorescência em um único z-pilha no i...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Two-photon Imaging of Cellular Dynamics in the Mouse Spinal Cord at JoVE.com

Two-photon Imaging of Cellular Dynamics in the Mouse Spinal Cord

Uma nova ex vivo preparação para a imagem latente o mouse medula espinhal. Este protocolo permite a dois fotões imagiologia de interacções celulares vivos ao longo da medula espinal.

Dois fótons de imagem da Cellular Dynamics na Medula Espinhal Rato

Two-photon (2P) microscopy is utilized to reveal cellular dynamics and interactions deep within living, intact tissues. Here, we present a method for ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

In vivo Imaging of the Mouse Spinal Cord Using Two-photon Microscopy

In vivo Imaging of the Mouse Spinal Cord Using Two-photon Microscopy

Em Imaging vivo do Cordão do rato Spinal Usando Two-photon Microscopia

In vivo imaging using two-photon microscopy 1 in mice that have been genetically engineered to express fluorescent proteins in specific cell types 2-3 has ...

Neurociência

A Procedure for Implanting a Spinal Chamber for Longitudinal In Vivo Imaging of the Mouse Spinal Cord

A Procedure for Implanting a Spinal Chamber for Longitudinal In Vivo Imaging of the Mouse Spinal Cord

Um Processo de Implantação de uma Câmara Spinal para Longitudinal<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; Criação de Imagens do Cordão do rato Spinal

Studies in the mammalian neocortex have enabled unprecedented resolution of cortical structure, activity, and response to neurodegenerative insults by ...

Diffusion Imaging in the Rat Cervical Spinal Cord

A seqüência de difusão na Medula Espinhal Rat Cervical

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the state of the art approach for assessing the status of the spinal cord noninvasively, and can be used as a ...

Simultaneous Two-photon In Vivo Imaging of Synaptic Inputs and Postsynaptic Targets in the Mouse Retrosplenial Cortex

Simultaneous Two-photon In Vivo Imaging of Synaptic Inputs and Postsynaptic Targets in the Mouse Retrosplenial Cortex

Simultânea de dois fótons<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; Imagem de Synaptic Entradas e metas pós-sinápticos no córtex do rato retrosplï¿½ico

This video shows the craniotomy procedure that allows chronic imaging of neurons in the mouse retrosplenial cortex (RSC) using in vivo two-photon ...

Imaging Serotonergic Fibers in the Mouse Spinal Cord Using the CLARITY/CUBIC Technique

Imagiologia Fibras Serotoninérgicos na medula espinhal mouse usando o CLARIDADE / Técnica CUBIC

Long descending fibers to the spinal cord are essential for locomotion, pain perception, and other behaviors. The fiber termination pattern in the spinal ...

Imaging Neural Activity in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex Using Thy1-GCaMP6s Transgenic Mice

Imaging Neural Activity in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex Using Thy1-GCaMP6s Transgenic Mice

Imagem de atividade Neural no córtex somatossensorial primário usando Thy1-GCaMP6s de ratos transgênicos

The mammalian brain exhibits marked symmetry across the sagittal plane. However, detailed description of neural dynamics in symmetric brain regions in ...

An In Vivo Duo-color Method for Imaging Vascular Dynamics Following Contusive Spinal Cord Injury

An In Vivo Duo-color Method for Imaging Vascular Dynamics Following Contusive Spinal Cord Injury

Um Vivo em Método de dupla-cor de imagem dinâmica Vascular após lesão da medula espinhal Contusive

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes significant vascular disruption at the site of injury. Vascular pathology occurs immediately after SCI and continues ...

Laminectomy and Spinal Cord Window Implantation in the Mouse

Implante de janela de laminectomia e medula espinhal no mouse

This protocol describes a method for spinal cord laminectomy and glass window implantation for in vivo imaging of the mouse spinal cord. An integrated ...

In Vivo Two-photon Imaging of Cortical Neurons in Neonatal Mice

In Vivo Two-photon Imaging of Cortical Neurons in Neonatal Mice

Na Vivo Imagem de dois fotões de neurônios Cortical em camundongos Neonatais

Two-photon imaging is a powerful tool for the in vivo analysis of neuronal circuits in the mammalian brain. However, a limited number of in vivo imaging ...

Intra-Arterial Delivery of Neural Stem Cells to the Rat and Mouse Brain: Application to Cerebral Ischemia

Entrega intra-arterial de células-tronco neurais ao cérebro de ratos e ratos: aplicação à isquemia cerebral

Neural stem cell (NSC) therapy is an emerging innovative treatment for stroke, traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders. As compared to ...