Name: dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of an orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse model
Uploaded: 2015-04-18T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of an Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model at JoVE.com

Authors thank Jeffrey Sellers to assist orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse modeling. This work was supported by Research Initiative Pilot Awards from the Department of Radiology at UAB and NIH grants 2P30CA013148 and P50CA101955.

모든 절차는 버밍엄 알라바마 대학의 기관 동물 관리 및 사용위원회에 의해 승인되었습니다. 1. 동소 이식 췌장 종양 마우스 모델링 <ol><li> 둘 베코 변성 이글 배지 (DMEM)에서 배양 표준 인간 췌장 암 세포주는 10 % 소 태아 혈청. 5 % CO 2 가습 분위기에서 37 ° C에서 모든 문화를 유지한다. </li><li> 8~10주 세 여자 심한 결합 면역 결핍 마우스를 사용합니다. 12 시간 빛과 12 ?...

<ol>
	<li>Ergul, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+multifocality+and+axillary+nodal+involvement+in+early-stage+breast+cancer+patients+using+18F-FDG+PET/CT+compared+to+contrast-enhanced+and+diffusion-weighted+magnetic+resonance+imaging+and+sentinel+node+biopsy.">Assessment of multifocality and axillary nodal involvement in early-stage breast cancer patients using 18F-FDG PET/CT compared to contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and sentinel node biopsy.</a> Acta Radiol. , (2014).</li><li>Park, J. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+early+response+to+concurrent+chemoradiotherapy+in+cervical+cancer:+value+of+diffusion-weighted+and+dynamic+contrast-enhanced+MR+imaging.">Assessment of early response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy in cervical cancer: value of diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging.</a> Magn Reson Imaging. , (2014).</li><li>Nguyen, H. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prediction+of+chemotherapeutic+response+in+bladder+cancer+using+K-means+clustering+of+dynamic+contrast-enhanced+(DCE)-MRI+pharmacokinetic+parameters.">Prediction of chemotherapeutic response in bladder cancer using K-means clustering of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI pharmacokinetic parameters.</a> J Magn Reson Imaging. 10, (2014).</li><li>Teo, Q. Q., Thng, C. H., Koh, T. S., Ng, Q. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+Contrast-enhanced+Magnetic+Resonance+Imaging:+Applications+in+Oncology.">Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Applications in Oncology.</a> Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). , (2014).</li><li>Zhang, X., Pagel, M. D., Baker, A. F., Gillies, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reproducibility+of+magnetic+resonance+perfusion+imaging.">Reproducibility of magnetic resonance perfusion imaging.</a> PLoS One. 9 (2), e89797 (2014).</li><li>Kim, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pancreatic+adenocarcinoma:+a+pilot+study+of+quantitative+perfusion+and+diffusion-weighted+breath-hold+magnetic+resonance+imaging.">Pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a pilot study of quantitative perfusion and diffusion-weighted breath-hold magnetic resonance imaging.</a> Abdominal imaging. , (2014).</li><li>Derosier, L. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Combination+Treatment+with+TRA-8+Anti+Death+Receptor+5+Antibody+and+CPT-11+Induces+Tumor+Regression+in+an+Orthotopic+Model+of+Pancreatic+Cancer.">Combination Treatment with TRA-8 Anti Death Receptor 5 Antibody and CPT-11 Induces Tumor Regression in an Orthotopic Model of Pancreatic Cancer.</a> Clin Cancer Res. 13 (18), 5535s-5543s (2007).</li><li>Derosier, L. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TRA-8+anti-DR5+monoclonal+antibody+and+gemcitabine+induce+apoptosis+and+inhibit+radiologically+validated+orthotopic+pancreatic+tumor+growth.">TRA-8 anti-DR5 monoclonal antibody and gemcitabine induce apoptosis and inhibit radiologically validated orthotopic pancreatic tumor growth.</a> Mol Cancer Ther. 6 (12), 3198-3207 (2007).</li><li>Kim, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+therapy+evaluation+of+combined+anti-death+receptor+5+antibody+and+gemcitabine+in+orthotopic+pancreatic+tumor+xenografts+by+diffusion-weighted+magnetic+resonance+imaging.">Early therapy evaluation of combined anti-death receptor 5 antibody and gemcitabine in orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.</a> Cancer Res. 68 (20), 8369-8376 (2008).</li><li>Klein, S., Staring, M., Murphy, K., Viergever, M. A., Pluim, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=elastix:+a+toolbox+for+intensity-based+medical+image+registration.">elastix: a toolbox for intensity-based medical image registration.</a> IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 29 (1), 196-205 (2010).</li><li>Kim, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+therapy+evaluation+of+combined+cetuximab+and+irinotecan+in+orthotopic+pancreatic+tumor+xenografts+by+dynamic+contrast-enhanced+magnetic+resonance+imaging.">Early therapy evaluation of combined cetuximab and irinotecan in orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.</a> Mol Imaging. 10 (3), 153-167 (2011).</li><li>Kim, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antagonistic+effects+of+anti-EMMPRIN+antibody+when+combined+with+chemotherapy+against+hypovascular+pancreatic+cancers.">Antagonistic effects of anti-EMMPRIN antibody when combined with chemotherapy against hypovascular pancreatic cancers.</a> M Mol Imaging Biol. 16 (1), 85-94 (2014).</li><li>Kim, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dual+combination+therapy+targeting+DR5+and+EMMPRIN+in+pancreatic+adenocarcinoma.">Dual combination therapy targeting DR5 and EMMPRIN in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.</a> Mol Cancer Ther. 11 (2), 405-415 (2012).</li><li>Moyher, S. E., Vigneron, D. B., Nelson, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surface+coil+MR+imaging+of+the+human+brain+with+an+analytic+reception+profile+correction.">Surface coil MR imaging of the human brain with an analytic reception profile correction.</a> J Magn Reson Imaging. 5 (2), 139-144 (1995).</li><li>Voigt, T., Nehrke, K., Doessel, O., Katscher, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=T1+corrected+B1+mapping+using+multi-TR+gradient+echo+sequences.">T1 corrected B1 mapping using multi-TR gradient echo sequences.</a> Magn Reson Med. 64 (3), 725-733 (2010).</li><li>Liu, H., Liu, Y., Zhao, Z., Zhang, L., Qiu, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+background+distribution-based+active+contour+model+for+three-dimensional+lesion+segmentation+in+breast+DCE-MRI.">A new background distribution-based active contour model for three-dimensional lesion segmentation in breast DCE-MRI.</a> Medical physics. 41 (8), 082303 (2014).</li><li>Sarkar, S., Das, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multilevel+image+thresholding+based+on+2D+histogram+and+maximum+Tsallis+entropy--a+differential+evolution+approach.">Multilevel image thresholding based on 2D histogram and maximum Tsallis entropy--a differential evolution approach.</a> IEEE Trans Image Process. 22 (12), 4788-4797 (2013).</li><li>Yankeelov, T. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+pharmacokinetic+analysis+of+DCE-MRI+data+without+an+arterial+input+function:+a+reference+region+model.">Quantitative pharmacokinetic analysis of DCE-MRI data without an arterial input function: a reference region model.</a> Magn Reson Imaging. 23 (4), 519-529 (2005).</li><li>Cardenas-Rodriguez, J., Howison, C. M., Pagel, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+linear+algorithm+of+the+reference+region+model+for+DCE-MRI+is+robust+and+relaxes+requirements+for+temporal+resolution.">A linear algorithm of the reference region model for DCE-MRI is robust and relaxes requirements for temporal resolution.</a> Magn Reson Imaging. 31 (4), 497-507 (2013).</li><li>Tofts, P. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Estimating+kinetic+parameters+from+dynamic+contrast-enhanced+T(1)-weighted+MRI+of+a+diffusable+tracer:+standardized+quantities+and+symbols.">Estimating kinetic parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced T(1)-weighted MRI of a diffusable tracer: standardized quantities and symbols.</a> J Magn Reson Imaging. 10 (3), 223-232 (1999).</li><li>Yankeelov, T. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+a+reference+region+model+with+direct+measurement+of+an+AIF+in+the+analysis+of+DCE-MRI+data.">Comparison of a reference region model with direct measurement of an AIF in the analysis of DCE-MRI data.</a> Magn Reson Med. 57 (2), 353-361 (2007).</li><li>Cao, R. Y., Amand, T., Ford, M. D., Piomelli, U., Funk, C. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Murine+Angiotensin+II-Induced+Abdominal+Aortic+Aneurysm+Model:+Rupture+Risk+and+Inflammatory+Progression+Patterns.">The Murine Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Model: Rupture Risk and Inflammatory Progression Patterns.</a> Front Pharmacol. 1 (9), (2010).</li><li>Parker, G. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimentally-derived+functional+form+for+a+population-averaged+high-temporal-resolution+arterial+input+function+for+dynamic+contrast-enhanced+MRI.">Experimentally-derived functional form for a population-averaged high-temporal-resolution arterial input function for dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.</a> Magn Reson Med. 56 (5), 993-1000 (2006).</li><li>Tseng, W., Leong, X., Engleman, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Orthotopic+mouse+model+of+colorectal+cancer.">Orthotopic mouse model of colorectal cancer.</a> J Vis Exp. (10), 484 (2007).</li><li>Bhullar, J. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+true+orthotopic+gastric+cancer+murine+model+using+electrocoagulation.">A true orthotopic gastric cancer murine model using electrocoagulation.</a> J Am Coll Surg. 217 (1), 64-70 (2013).</li></ol>

우리는 면역 결핍 마우스, 마우스 복부 종양의 DCE-MRI, 그 운동 매개 변수의 정량화를 사용하여 소성 췌장 종양 모델링의 상세한 방법을 소개했다. 췌장의 꼬리에 바늘을 삽입 할 때 소성 췌장 종양 모델에서주의를 기울여야합니다. 성공적인 경우, 세포는 작은 소포를 만드는 췌장의 머리로 전달 될 것이다. 직각 굽힘 플라스틱 기판을 적용 할 때의 종양은 기판의 상부 단부 아래에 위치되는 것을 ?...

이 방법의 전반적인 목표는 생쥐에서 소성 췌장 종양 이종 이식에 대한 동적 대비 강화 된 자기 공명 영상 (DCE-MRI)을 적용하는 것입니다. DCE-MRI는 주사 후 일정 기간에 걸쳐 MR 콘트라스트의 변화를 모니터링함으로써 표적 조직에서 미세 혈관을 평가하는 비 침습적 방법이다. DCE-MRI는 악성 종양을 진단하고 치료 1-4 다양한 종양 반응을 평가하기 위해 이용되고있다. 양적 DCE-MRI는 높은 재현성 5를 발표했다. 표적 조직 MR 조영제의 약물 동태 학적 파라미터를 정량하기 위해, 콘트라스트 주입 전의 다양한 시점 및 T1 맵 취득한 모든 DCE-MR 이미지는 6 coregistered되어야한다. 그러나, 복부의 호흡과 연동 운동에 양적 DCE-MRI는 위장관 종양 제한된 응용 프로그램을했다. 동소 췌장 종양 모델을 평가하기 위해 사용되어왔다생물학적 치료와 화학 요법 7,8 다음 췌장 종양 반응. 원래 종양 부위에서의 미세 환경이 반사 및 치료함으로써 인간의 종양 반응을보다 정확하게 예측할 수 있기 때문에 종양 동소 이식 모델은, 종래의 피하 모델 우수 여겨진다. 그러나, 마우스의 췌장은 복부의 왼쪽 윗부분에 위치하고 있으며, 생쥐에서 소성 췌장 종양 이종 이식의 이렇게 양적 DCE-MRI는 쉽게 구현되지 않았습니다. 우리는 가슴 영역 (9)로부터 전송 동작을 방지하기 위해 직각 굽힘 플라스틱 기판을 사용하여 종양을 고정하여 마우스에서 복부 종양 DCE-MRI의 프로토콜을 확립했다. 이 보드에 적용되는 압력은 복부에 지역화하고, 호흡 곤란 결과 않았습니다. 자동 화상 coregistration 기술은 자유 호흡 모드 복부 장기의 DCE-MRI 대해 검증되었습니다 있지만 effectivel 수행Y는 단지 목표 영역은 규칙적으로 천천히 이동할 때 10. 동물의 호흡 속도는 이미징 동안 변수, 복부 너무 물리적 구속 정위 췌장 종양 마우스 모델에서 신뢰할 수있는 약물 동태 학적 매개 변수를 검색 할 필요가있다. 우리는 성공적 DCE-MRI 11-13 직각 굽힘 플라스틱 기판을 사용하여 소성 췌장 종양 이종 이식에서 MR 조영제의 약동학 파라미터를 정량 하였다. 여기에 우리가 동소 췌장 종양 모델링의 세부 절차를 제시, 종양 마우스에 이종 이식 및 약물 동태 학적 파라미터의 정량 DCE-MRI.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1275">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:245px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:712px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DMEM</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11965-118</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>Harlan Laboratories</td>
			<td>BT-9501</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Betadine</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Purdue products</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">67618-153-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">5-0 Prolene sutures</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Ethicon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">8720H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">9.4T MR scanner</td>
			<td>Bruker Biospin Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BioSpec 94/20 USR</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Gadoteridol</td>
			<td>Bracco Diagnostics Inc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NDC 0270-1111-03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Micro-polyethelene tube</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Strategic Applications, Inc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#PE-10-25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">30G blunt tip needle</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Strategic Applications, Inc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">89134-194</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Monitoring and gating system</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">SA instruments, Inc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Model 1030</td>
			<td>This is an MR compatiable system to measure resiratory rating and body temperature of small animals at the same time.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Syringe pump</td>
			<td>New Era Pump Systems, Inc.</td>
			<td>NE-1600</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of an orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse model

Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been limitedly used for orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts due to severe respiratory motion artifact in the abdominal area. Orthotopic tumor models offer advantages over subcutaneous ones, because those can reflect the primary tumor microenvironment affecting blood supply, neovascularization, and tumor cell invasion. We have recently established a protocol of DCE-MRI of orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts in mouse models by securing tumors with an orthogonally bent plastic board to prevent motion transfer from the chest region during imaging. The pressure by this board was localized on the abdominal area, and has not resulted in respiratory difficulty of the animals. This article demonstrates the detailed procedure of orthotopic pancreatic tumor modeling using small animals and DCE-MRI of the tumor xenografts. Quantification method of pharmacokinetic parameters in DCE-MRI is also introduced. The procedure described in this article will assist investigators to apply DCE-MRI for orthotopic gastrointestinal cancer mouse models.

인간 췌장 종양 세포는 마우스 췌장 고형 종양 생성에 성공적으로 성장한다. (1) (A) 종양 세포 용액이 주입되어 정상적인 췌장, 및 (B)의 사진을 보여준다 동소 췌장 종양 이종 이식 베어링 대표적인 마우스 (MIA PACA -2- ). 종양은 다음 비장, 복부의 왼쪽 윗부분에 위치하고 있습니다. 세포 주입 후 직경 7 mm의 - 종양이 5 성장하는 사주 - 보통이 소요됩니다. <p class="jove_content...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of an Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model at JoVE.com

Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of an Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model

The goal of this protocol is to apply dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts in mice. DCE-MRI is a non-invasive method to analyze microvasculature in a target tissue, and useful to assess vascular response in a tumor following a novel therapy.

동소 이식 췌장 암 마우스 모델의 동적 대비 강화 된 자기 공명 영상

Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been limitedly used for orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts due to severe ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT

MicroCT를 사용하여 대비 향상된 베셀 영상

Microscopic computed tomography (microCT) offers high-resolution volumetric imaging of the anatomy of living small animals. However, the contrast between ...

연구

의학

An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer

Murine 방광 암의 Orthotopic 모델

In this straightforward procedure, bladder tumors are established in female C57 mice through the use of catheterization, local cauterization, and ...

Multi-photon Imaging of Tumor Cell Invasion in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

구강 편평 세포 암종의 Orthotopic 마우스 모델에서 종양 세포 침략의 다중 광자 이미징

Loco-regional invasion of head and neck cancer is linked to metastatic risk and presents a difficult challenge in designing and implementing patient ...

Combination Radiotherapy in an Orthotopic Mouse Brain Tumor Model

Orthotopic 마우스 뇌종양 모델의 조합 방사선 치료

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are the most common and aggressive adult primary brain tumors1. In recent years there has been substantial progress in the ...

Multi-modal Imaging of Angiogenesis in a Nude Rat Model of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Volumetric Computed Tomography and Ultrasound

자기 공명 영상, 체적 계산의 Tomography 및 초음파를 이용한 유방암의 뼈 전이의 누드 쥐 모델에서 Angiogenesis의 멀티 모달 이미징

Angiogenesis is an essential feature of cancer growth and metastasis formation. In bone metastasis, angiogenic factors are pivotal for tumor cell ...

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

역 형성 갑상선 암의 동소 마우스 모델

Several types of animal models of human thyroid carcinomas have been established, including subcutaneous xenograft and orthotopic implantation of cancer ...

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies

유전자 전달 연구 동소 방광암 모델

Bladder cancer is the second most common cancer of the urogenital tract and novel therapeutic approaches that can reduce recurrence and progression are ...

Bioluminescent Orthotopic Model of Pancreatic Cancer Progression

췌장암의 진행 발광 동소 모델

Pancreatic cancer has an extremely poor five-year survival rate of 4-6%.  New therapeutic options are critically needed and depend on improved ...

An Orthotopic Murine Model of Human Prostate Cancer Metastasis

인간의 전립선 암 전이의 동소 쥐과 모델

Our laboratory has developed a novel orthotopic implantation model of  human prostate cancer (PCa). As PCa death is not due to the primary tumor, but  ...

Simultaneous PET/MRI Imaging During Mouse Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

마우스 대뇌 저산소증 - 허혈 동안 동시 PET / MRI 영상

Dynamic changes in tissue water diffusion and glucose metabolism occur during and after hypoxia in cerebral hypoxia-ischemia reflecting a bioenergetics ...