Name: establishment of a human multiple myeloma xenograft model in the chicken to study tumor growth, invasion and angiogenesis
Uploaded: 2015-05-01T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Establishment of a Human Multiple Myeloma Xenograft Model in the Chicken to Study Tumor Growth, Invasion and Angiogenesis at JoVE.com

The authors want to thank Ms. Cornelia Heis for her excellent technical assistance in immunohistochemistry and preparation of chicken embryos. This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF Grant No. P19552) and the European Union (EU FP7 project Optatio No: 278570).

Enligt den österrikiska lagstiftningen, och Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare av den amerikanska Public Health Service fågelembryons betraktas inte som levande ryggradsdjur tills hatching.The NIH Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare har gett skriftlig vägledning på detta område (http: // www.grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/references/ilar91.htm och NIH publikation nr .: 06-4515). 1. Cell Culture och Lentiviral transfektion <ol><li> Kultur MM cellinjer OPM-2, RPMI-8226 och humana mesenkymala stamceller från b...

<ol>
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B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+nonobese+diabetic/severe+combined+immunodeficient+(NOD/SCID)+mouse+model+of+childhood+acute+lymphoblastic+leukemia+reveals+intrinsic+differences+in+biologic+characteristics+at+diagnosis+and+relapse.">The nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mouse model of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia reveals intrinsic differences in biologic characteristics at diagnosis and relapse.</a> Blood. 99 (11), 4100-4108 (2002).</li><li>Feuring-Buske, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+engraftment+of+human+acute+myeloid+leukemia+progenitor+cells+in+beta+2-microglobulin-deficient+NOD/SCID+mice+and+in+NOD/SCID+mice+transgenic+for+human+growth+factors.">Improved engraftment of human acute myeloid leukemia progenitor cells in beta 2-microglobulin-deficient NOD/SCID mice and in NOD/SCID mice transgenic for human growth factors.</a> Leukemia. 17 (4), 760-763 (2003).</li><li>Pearce, D. 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Utvecklingen av nya terapeutiska medel för eldfasta MM kräver mindre tidskrävande och kostsamma in vivo system för att utvärdera känsligheten hos humana MM celler till droger. Hittills endast ett fåtal in vivo system finns tillgängliga för preklinisk utvärdering av nya anti-myelom terapier. Alla av dem har sina begränsningar för storskalig screening av substansbibliotek 29. De bästa nuvarande modeller för mänskliga MM celler är starkt immundefekta möss 7,13,30 och kalk...

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow, bone lesions and immunodeficiency 1. Although new treatment options such as proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib) and immune modulatory drugs (pomalidomide and lenalidomide) are available, MM still remains an incurable malignancy with a grim prognosis 2. The bad prognosis might be explained by the extraordinary heterogeneity of MM cell clones that contributes to variable responses to therapy, in particular under long time treatment and selection pressure of MM clones 3.
Preclinical testing of new drugs and their combinations in vitro and in vivo is a critical and time-consuming step for future drug development. Thus, useful in-vivo models of MM are required to gain a better understanding of the biology of the disease and to enable the discovery of new drugs. Actually, the best xenotransplantation models for hematological malignancies and therapeutics are immune-deficient mice, such as the severe-combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice 4-7, the non-obese diabetic/SCID (NOD/SCID) mice 8,9 or the &#946;-microglobulin-knockout NOD/SCID mice 10,11.
Although murine models of human MM in some aspects can resemble the phenotype of human disease, immune-deficient mice are inbred, therefore simulate only one individual response to a drug and costs are very high. Due to immunosuppression animals require special maintenance conditions and the engraftment of human MM in mice requires 6 weeks to 2 months 9,12, unless cells are grafted directly to the bone marrow using a technically demanding procedure with lower rates of animal survival 7,13. Therefore, new methods using stem-cell based organoid models 14, tissue engineering 15 or sophisticated 3D cell culture models 16 have been established. They will compete in the near future with classical animal experiments for preclinical drug testing, but cannot replace systemic toxicity tests in living organisms.
The chicken embryo has been demonstrated before to be a suitable organism for xenotransplantation of human cells and tissues due to lack of adaptive immune response until hatching 17-19. Moreover, each chicken embryo reflects an individual reaction to applied drugs or tumor cells due to genetic diversity within the chicken population. The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is a well-established system to study tumor-dependent angiogenesis 20-22. When solid tumors are grafted to the CAM, they display many characteristics of cancers in vivo, including proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis 23-27. 
Based on the previous experience of our group with CAM xenograft models20,26,27, a human MM model was established that combines the advantage of a human 3D culture system with the model of ex ovo developing chicken embryos. This MM model system allows real time monitoring of MM growth progression, quantification of cell mass and preclinical drug testing.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI-8226 cells</td>
			<td>DSMZ</td>
			<td>ACC 9</td>
			<td>STR profiled</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OPM-2 cells</td>
			<td>DSMZ</td>
			<td>ACC 50</td>
			<td>STR profiled</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human mesenchymal stem cells&#160;</td>
			<td>PromoCell</td>
			<td>PC-C-12974</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEK293FT cells&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>R700-07</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI1640 Medium</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>R0883</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum&#160; HyClone</td>
			<td>ThermoScientific</td>
			<td>SH30070.03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Glut- Pen- Strep solution</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G6784</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM Medium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>31966</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NEAA</td>
			<td>Sigma Life Sciences</td>
			<td>M7145</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transfection Medium/Opti-MEM&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>51985</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>eGFP lentiviral particles</td>
			<td>GeneCopoeia</td>
			<td>LPP-EGFP-LV105</td>
			<td>Ready to use viral particles</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pLenti6/V5Dest6 eGFP vector</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>PN 35-1271</td>
			<td>from authors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ViralpowerTM packaging mix&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>P/N 35-1275</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transfection reagent/ Lipofectamin 2000</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11668-027</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blasticidin</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>R210-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neomycin</td>
			<td>Biochrom</td>
			<td>A2912</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagen-Type1&#160; Rat Tail</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>354236</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM powder</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>Art.Nr. 10338582</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>plitidepsin</td>
			<td>Pharmamar</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>bortezomib</td>
			<td>LKT Lab., Inc.</td>
			<td>B5871</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td rowspan="3">SPF-white hen eggs</td>
			<td rowspan="3">Charles River</td>
			<td rowspan="3"></td>
			<td rowspan="3">Fertilized&#160; white Leghorn&#160; chicken eggs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
		</tr>
		<tr>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td rowspan="2">Plastic weighing boats</td>
			<td rowspan="2">neoLab</td>
			<td rowspan="2">Art.Nr. 1-1125</td>
			<td rowspan="2">for ex-ovo culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Petridish square (Lids)</td>
			<td>Simport</td>
			<td>D210-16</td>
			<td>for ex-ovo culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RIPA Buffer (10x)</td>
			<td>Cell Signaling</td>
			<td>#9806</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Protease Inhibitor Tablets</td>
			<td rowspan="2">Roche</td>
			<td rowspan="2">11 836 170 001</td>
			<td rowspan="2"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Complete Mini EDTA-free</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GFP ELISA</td>
			<td>Cell Biolabs, Inc.</td>
			<td>AKR-121</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Histocette II</td>
			<td>Simport</td>
			<td>M493-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PFA&#160; 37%</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>7398.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DPBS</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>BE17-512F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol absolut</td>
			<td>Normapur</td>
			<td>20,821,321</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Roti-Histol</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>Art.Nr.6640.4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraplast</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A6330</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td rowspan="2">SuperFrost Microscope Slides</td>
			<td>R. Langenbrinck&#160;</td>
			<td>Art.-Nr.</td>
			<td rowspan="2"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Labor- u. Medizintechnik</td>
			<td>03-0060</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td rowspan="2">DakoCytomation Wash Buffer 10x</td>
			<td rowspan="2">DakoCytomation</td>
			<td>Code-Nr.</td>
			<td rowspan="2"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>S 3006</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td rowspan="2">Target Retrieval Solution (10x)&#160; pH 6,1</td>
			<td rowspan="2">DAKO</td>
			<td>Code-Nr.</td>
			<td rowspan="2"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>S 1699</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>H2O2</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>m-a-hu ASMA clone 1A4</td>
			<td>DAKO</td>
			<td>M0851</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>m-a-hu CD138 clone MI15</td>
			<td>DAKO</td>
			<td>M7228</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>m-a-hu Vimentin clone V9</td>
			<td>DAKO</td>
			<td>M0725</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>m-a-hu Desmin clone D33</td>
			<td>DAKO</td>
			<td>&#160;M0760</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>m-a-hu Ki67&#160; clone MIB-1&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>DAKO</td>
			<td>&#160;M7240</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>biotinylated goat- anti-mouse IgG</td>
			<td>Vector Laboratories Inc.</td>
			<td>BA-9200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vectastain Elite ABC Kit</td>
			<td>Vector Laboratories Inc.</td>
			<td># PK-6100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FAST DAB Tablet Set.</td>
			<td>Sigma Biochemicals</td>
			<td># D4293</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mayer&#8217;s haemalaun solution</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>1,092,490,500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Roti Histokitt</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>Art.Nr.6638.2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bench top rotary microtome</td>
			<td>Thermo Electron, Shandon Finesse ME+</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue embedding station</td>
			<td>Leica, TP1020</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Egg-Incubator</td>
			<td>Grumbach&#160;</td>
			<td>BSS160</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereo fluorescence microscope equipped with an connected with a digital camera (Olympus E410) and flexible cold light&#160;</td>
			<td>Olympus, SZX10</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultra Turrax&#160;</td>
			<td>IKA T10</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Homogenizer</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

establishment of a human multiple myeloma xenograft model in the chicken to study tumor growth, invasion and angiogenesis

Multipelt myelom (MM), en malign plasmacellsjukdom, förblir obotlig och nya läkemedel krävs för att förbättra prognosen för patienter. På grund av bristen på benet mikro och auto / parakrint tillväxtfaktorer mänskliga MM celler är svåra att odla. Därför finns det ett akut behov av att fastställa korrekt in vitro och in vivo odlingssystem för att studera effekten av nya läkemedel på humana MM celler. Här presenterar vi en modell för att odla humana multipla myelomceller i en komplex 3D-miljö in vitro och in vivo. MM cellinjer OPM-2 och RPMI-8226 transfekterades för att uttrycka transgenen GFP och odlades i närvaro av humana mesenchymala celler och kollagen typ-I-matris som tredimensionella sfäroider. Därutöver har sfäroider ympas på korioallantoinmembranet (CAM) hos kycklingembryon och tumörtillväxt övervakades genom stereo fluorescensmikroskopi. Båda modellerna tillåter studier av nya terapeutiska drugs i en komplex 3D-miljö och kvantifiering av tumörcellmassan efter homogenisering av transplantat i en transgen-specifik GFP-ELISA. Dessutom kan angiogena svar i värd och invasion av tumörceller i den underliggande värdvävnaden övervakas dagligen av en stereolupp och analyserades genom immunohistokemisk färgning mot humana tumörceller (Ki-67, CD138, Vimentin) eller värdväggceller som täcker blodkärl (desmin / ASMA). Sammanfattningsvis tillåter onplantelement systemet studerar MM celltillväxt och angiogenes i en komplex 3D-miljö och möjliggör screening för nya terapeutiska substanser som verkar överlevnad och spridning av MM-celler.

In vitro-analys av målföreningar i 3D multipelt myelom sfäroida analyser På grund av den begränsning av odling primära humana MM celler in vitro vi etablerat nya 3D in vitro odlingsmodeller för mänskliga MM cellinjer som utnyttjar en extracellulärt tillväxtmatris och stödjande primära humana mesenkymala celler från benmärg (Figur 1A, B). EGFP transgena MM cellinjer tillåter visualisering och kvantifiering av MM tumö...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Establishment of a Human Multiple Myeloma Xenograft Model in the Chicken to Study Tumor Growth, Invasion and Angiogenesis at JoVE.com

Establishment of a Human Multiple Myeloma Xenograft Model in the Chicken to Study Tumor Growth, Invasion and Angiogenesis

Mänskliga multipelt myelom (MM) celler kräver stödjande mikromiljö av mesenkymala celler och extracellulära matriskomponenter för överlevnad och proliferation. Vi etablerade en in vivo kycklingembryo modell med engrafted humana myelom och mesenkymala celler för att studera effekterna av cancerläkemedel på tumörtillväxt, invasion och angiogenes.

Inrättande av en människa multipelt myelom xenograftmodell i Chicken att studera tumörtillväxt, invasion och Angiogenes

Multiple myeloma (MM), a malignant plasma cell disease, remains incurable and novel drugs are required to improve the prognosis of patients. Due to the ...

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JoVE Journal

Medicine

An In Vitro System to Study Tumor Dormancy and the Switch to Metastatic Growth

An In Vitro System to Study Tumor Dormancy and the Switch to Metastatic Growth

En In Vitro Systemet studerar tumör Vilande och övergången av metastaserande tillväxt

Recurrence of breast cancer often follows a long latent period in which there are no signs of cancer, and metastases may not become clinically apparent ...

Multi-photon Imaging of Tumor Cell Invasion in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Multi-photon avbildning av tumörcellen invasion i ett Orthotopic musmodell av oral skivepitelcancer

Loco-regional invasion of head and neck cancer is linked to metastatic risk and presents a difficult challenge in designing and implementing patient ...

A Mouse Model of the Cornea Pocket Assay for Angiogenesis Study

En musmodell av hornhinnan Pocket-analys för Angiogenes Study

A normal cornea is clear of vascular tissues. However, blood vessels can be induced to grow and survive in the cornea when potent angiogenic factors are ...

Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Lines as a Three-Dimensional Model for the Study of Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Therapy

Mänskliga neuroendokrin tumör cellinjer som en tredimensionell modell för studiet av mänskliga neuroendokrin tumör Therapy

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare tumors, with an incidence of two per 100,&#x200A;000 individuals per year, and they account for 0.5% of all human ...

A Novel High-resolution In vivo Imaging Technique to Study the Dynamic Response of Intracranial Structures to Tumor Growth and Therapeutics

A Novel High-resolution In vivo Imaging Technique to Study the Dynamic Response of Intracranial Structures to Tumor Growth and Therapeutics

A Novel Högupplöst<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; Imaging teknik för att studera dynamiska svaret för intrakraniell Structures till tumörtillväxt och Therapeutics

We have successfully integrated previously established Intracranial window (ICW) technology 1-4 with intravital 2-photon confocal microscopy to develop a ...

The In ovo CAM-assay as a Xenograft Model for Sarcoma

The In ovo CAM-assay as a Xenograft Model for Sarcoma

Den<em&gt; I ovo</em&gt; CAM-analys såsom en Xenograftmodel för Sarcoma

Sarcoma is a very rare disease that is heterogeneous in nature, all hampering the development of new therapies. Sarcoma patients are ideal candidates for ...

A Modified In vitro Invasion Assay to Determine the Potential Role of Hormones, Cytokines and/or Growth Factors in Mediating Cancer Cell Invasion

A Modified In vitro Invasion Assay to Determine the Potential Role of Hormones, Cytokines and/or Growth Factors in Mediating Cancer Cell Invasion

En modifierad<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; Invasion analys för att fastställa den potentiella roll Hormoner, cytokiner och / eller tillväxtfaktorer vid medie Cancer Cell Invasion

Blood serum serves as a chemoattractant towards which cancer cells migrate and invade, facilitating their intravasation into microvessels. However, the ...

Orthotopic Injection of Breast Cancer Cells into the Mammary Fat Pad of Mice to Study Tumor Growth.

Orthotopic Injektion av bröstcancerceller i juverfett Pad av möss att studera tumörtillväxt.

Breast cancer growth can be studied in mice using a plethora of models. Genetic manipulation of breast cancer cells may provide insights into the ...

Three-Dimensional (3D) Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay

Three-Dimensional 3D Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay

Tredimensionell (3D) Tumör Spheroid invasionsanalys

Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is generally considered to be a key hallmark of malignant (as opposed to benign) tumors. For some cancers in ...