Name: an in vitro dormancy model of estrogen-sensitive breast cancer in the bone marrow: a tool for molecular mechanism studies and hypothesis generation
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저자가 공개하는 게 없다.

1. 클론 원성 분석 <ol><li> 단계를 이용하여 MCF-7 및 T47D 세포는 아래 설명 에스트로겐 의존성 유방암 세포주의 단일 세포 현탁액을 준비 <ol><li> MCF-7, T-47D 세포를 더 이상 50 % 합류하지 10cm 조직 배양 접시에서 배양 배지 (DMEM / 10 % 열 비활성화 우태 혈청 / 글루타민 및 펜 / 패 혈성)를 대기음. PBS로 씻어. 1-4 분 동안 37 ° C에서 0.25 % / 2.21 mM의 EDTA는 DMEM 높은 포도당에 용해 된 트립신 품어. </li><li> 단일 ...

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우리의 모델은 골수에서 휴면 여러 주요 요소로 구성된다. 그것은 피브로넥틴, 골수의 주요 구성 요소, FGF-2, 성장 인자가 풍부 골수 기질 합성 이루어져 에스트로겐 장시간 10 골수에서 휴면 가능성 유형 감수성 세포를 이루어져 무겁게 상호 작용은 주로 하층 아르 클론 원성 세포의 밀도에서 골수 31,32 배양의 세포 외 매트릭스에 침착. 골수 미세 환경을 훨씬 더 복잡하지만 특정 ?...

질병 빨리 작은 종양 혈관 2,3- 개발로, 검출 한 전에 유방암 세포는 골수 전이. 전이 과정은 신속한하지만 비효율적이다. 세포는 하루 4 당 수백만, 빠르게 새로운 혈관을 입력하지만 몇 원격 장기 (5)에 여행을 생존. 그럼에도 불구하고, 일부 미세 전이는 뼈에서 생존 및 단일 세포 또는 새로 진단 된 환자 1에서 골수 흡인 작은 세포 덩어리로 찾을 수 있습니다. 이러한 세포들을 6을 제거 할 목적으로 아주 반트 투여되는 화학 요법 레지스트. 이 저항은 골수 미세 환경 7,8과의 상호 작용에 의해 개시 시그널링 생존하여, 실질적으로 부여된다. 미세 전이는 지역화 된 유방암 여성의 약 1/3에서 찾을 수 있으며, 단 변량 분석 (9)에 의해 분석 할 때 생존의 독립적 인 지표를 나타낼 수 있습니다. 일부 micrometastases 성장 시작하지만 재발의 패턴은 세포 유형에 따라 달라집니다. 트리플 부정적인 유방암 환자는 휴면 상태를 통해 가난한 제어를 제안, 1~4년 사이에 재발하는 경향이있다. ER / PR + 세포를 포함한 다른 세포 유형은 재발 (10)의 안정, 지속적인 속도, 최대 20 년 동안 휴면 남아있을 수 있습니다. ER + 및 ER- 유방암 세포주와 종양 사이의 휴면 유전자 발현 서명 차이는 다른 휴지 전위 (11)를 반영하지만, 골수 기질과의 상호 작용 가능성 휴면에 크게 기여하고있다. 미세 전이가 드문 이상 10 6 -fold에 의해 조혈 세포에 의해 열세 때문에 생체 내에서 휴면의 연구는 매우 어렵다. 따라서, 관련 모델 메커니즘을 제안하고 생체 내에서 검증 가능한 가설을 생성 할 수 있습니다 체외 데이터를 제공하는 생성해야합니다. mathe 포함 휴면 모델 번호,matical 모델 (12, 13), 시험 관내 모델 7,8,14,15, 생체 이종 이식 모델 (16), 시험 관내 조합 및 이종 이식 모델 (17, 18) 및 자발적 종양 및 전이 모델 (19), 암 세포 휴면 (20)에 대한 통찰력을 수득 한 . 이러한 모델은 각각 자신의 한계를 가지고 있고 자신 분자 시그널링 및 휴면 더 생물학적으로 중요한 모델에서 시험 될 지배 상호 작용에 관한 가설을 생성하기위한 주로 유용하다. 휴면의 분자 메커니즘, ER + 세포의 재발을 초래할주기 정지, 재분화 및 치료 저항 및 메커니즘 결과 미세 환경과의 상호 작용을 정의의 전반적인 목표로, 우리는의 관련 요소를 선택 제공하는 체외 모델을 개발 간질 미세 7. 그 COMPO에있는 동안 상대적으로 드문 드문 한이 모델은,넌트는 휴면의 중요한 기능에 영향을주는 특정 분자 메커니즘을 유도하기 위해 수사관을 허용 할 수있을만큼 충분히 강력하다. 이러한 실험은 생체 내에서 직접 테스트 할 수있는 가설을 발생시킨다. 이 모델은 우리가 휴면에 관련 증명 몇 가지 핵심 요소에 의존한다. 그들은 그들의 상호 작용이 기층과 매체의 수용성 성분, 피브로넥틴 하층 및 염기성 섬유 아세포 성장 인자의 존재에 주로 클론 원성 밀도 에스트로겐 의존성 유방암 세포, 세포 배양의 사용을 포함한다 (FGF-2) 배지. 우리는, TGFβ (22)을 통해 매개 된 FGF-2 (21)에 의해 세포주기 정지의 유도를 포함한 체외에서 시스템을 제어하는 메커니즘을 특징에 의존 상피 표현형에 PI3 키나제 7,8 및 ERK (8)와 형태 형성의 분화를 통한 신호 생존 에서 RhoA의 비활성화, 인테그린45; 5β1 상향 조절과 생존 7,15에 대한 기질 피브로넥틴의 결찰 (그림 1). MCF-7 세포에 FGF-2의 생체 외 세포주기 효과는 농도 10 NG / ㎖ (21,23) 아래에 적어도 하나의 로그를 시작한다. 이론적 근거는 포유류 24 ~ 27의 숫자에 유방 유관 형태 형성, 순환 확장과 경기 침체에 적용 FGF-2 발현의 시간적 제어를 기반으로했다. 우리는 FGF-2 도관 3D 문화 (28)의 형태 형성, 일반적으로 인간의 종양 (29)의 악성 변화로 손실되는 FGF-2의 발현을 포함, 분화를 유도하는 것을 보여 주었다. FGR1의 발현은 4 FGF 수용체 (30)을 표현하기 위해 계속 (29) 및 MCF-7 세포 조사 유방암에 그대로 남아 있었다. 휴면 맥락에서, FGF-2에 의해 반출되고, 심하게는 조혈 줄기 세포 (33)의 기능에 보존 골수 기질 (31, 32) 상에 침착. 우리 민주 공화국FGF-2가 7 형태 형성 분화를 유도 골수에도 풍부한 피브로넥틴 하층, 배양 ER + 유방암 세포에서 휴면 상태를 유도함 onstrated. 모델에서 유방암 세포 성장 억제되어, RhoGap 그라프를 통해의 Rho을 비활성화 상피 표현형에 재분화 및 악성 진행과 인테그린 α5β1 lost-Express를 다시. 그들은 인테그린 α5β1 통해 피브로넥틴을 결합하고 그 세포 독성 치료 7,8,15 (그림 1)에 내성 렌더링 신호 생존을 활성화합니다. 클래스의 Rho GTP 아제 저해 휴면 34 표현형을 유도하는 이미 입증되었다. 여기에서 우리는 모델을 설정하고 ER + 유방암 세포의 휴면을 관리하는 특정 분자 세포 메커니즘을 연구하는 연구자를 허용 할 특정 절차를 간략하게 설명합니다. 여기에 제시된 실험에서는 모델의 사용을 설명하기우리의 Akt 억제제 및 PI3K 억제제와 팬의 Rho 억제제와의 Rho 키나제 (ROCK) 억제제와의 Rho 가족 (그림 1B)의 모든 회원들과 PI3K 경로 (그림 1B)를 대상으로.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>MCF-7 cells</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>HTB-22</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T47D cells&#160;</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>HTB-123</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD BioCoat Fibronectin 24 Well Clear Flat Bottom TC-Treated Multiwell Plate</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>354411</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD BioCoat Fibronectin 60 mm Culture Dishes</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>354403</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD BioCoat Fibronectin 100 mm Culture Dishes</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>354451</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD BioCoat 22x22mm #1 Glass Coverslip with a uniform application of human fibronectin</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>354088</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6 Well tissue culture plate</td>
			<td>CellTreat</td>
			<td>229106</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium High Glucose 10X Powder</td>
			<td>Corning Life Sciences</td>
			<td>50-013-PB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heat Inactivated, Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Serum Source International</td>
			<td>FB02-500HI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.25% Trypsin/2.21 mM EDTA</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>25-053-CI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin Solution, 100X</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>30-002-CI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Glutamine, 100x, Liquid</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>25-005-CI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant Human FGF&#160;basic</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>234-FSE-025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Akt Inhibitor (1L6-Hydroxymethyl-chiro-inositol-2-(R)-2-O-methyl-3-O-octadecyl-sn-glycerocarbonate)</td>
			<td>CalBiochem</td>
			<td>124005</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LY294002&#160;</td>
			<td>CalBiochem</td>
			<td>19-142</td>
			<td>Chenical PI3K inhibitor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C3 transferase&#160;</td>
			<td>Cytoskeleton</td>
			<td>CTO3</td>
			<td>Inhibits RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC, but not related GTPases such as Cdc42 or Rac1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Y-27632 dihydrochloride&#160;</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td>129830-28-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BODIPY FL-Phallacidin (green)&#160;</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes</td>
			<td>B607</td>
			<td>Fluorochrome for fibrillar actin staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BODIPY FL-Rhodamine phalloidin (red)&#160;</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes</td>
			<td>R415</td>
			<td>Fluorochrome for fibrillar actin staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 488 Donkey anti-Mouse IgG Antibody, ReadyProbes Reagent&#160;</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes</td>
			<td>R37114</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ProLong Gold Antifade Mountant with DAPI&#160;</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes</td>
			<td>P-36931</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an in vitro dormancy model of estrogen-sensitive breast cancer in the bone marrow: a tool for molecular mechanism studies and hypothesis generation

The study of breast cancer dormancy in the bone marrow is an exceptionally difficult undertaking due to the complexity of the interactions of dormant cells with their microenvironment, their rarity and the overwhelming excess of hematopoietic cells. Towards this end, we developed an in vitro 2D clonogenic model of dormancy of estrogen-sensitive breast cancer cells in the bone marrow. The model consists of a few key elements necessary for dormancy. These include 1) the use of estrogen sensitive breast cancer cells, which are the type likely to remain dormant for extended periods, 2) incubation of cells at clonogenic density, where the structural interaction of each cell is primarily with the substratum, 3) fibronectin, a key structural element of the marrow and 4) FGF-2, a growth factor abundantly synthesized by bone marrow stromal cells and heavily deposited in the extracellular matrix. Cells incubated with FGF-2 form dormant clones after 6 days, which consist of 12 or less cells that have a distinct flat appearance, are significantly larger and more spread out than growing cells and have large cytoplasm to nucleus ratios. In contrast, cells incubated without FGF-2 form primarily growing colonies consisting of >30 relatively small cells. Perturbations of the system with antibodies, inhibitors, peptides or nucleic acids on day 3 after incubation can significantly affect various phenotypic and molecular aspects of the dormant cells at 6 days and can be used to assess the roles of membrane-localized or intracellular molecules, factors or signaling pathways on the dormant state or survival of dormant cells. While recognizing the in vitro nature of the assay, it can function as a highly useful tool to glean significant information about the molecular mechanisms necessary for establishment and survival of dormant cells. This data can be used to generate hypotheses to be tested in vivo models.

<html> 실험은 분석 요점을 되풀이하기 위해 실시 하였다. 실험의 시간 코스는도 2a에 도시되어있다. 세포가 하루 -1에 클론 원성 밀도로 배양, FGF-2 새로운 배지에서 하루 0에 추가되고 그들이 염색하고 식민지가 계산 될 때 세포는 6 일까지 배양. 시스템에 대한 교란이 10 배 최종 농도 100 μL 볼륨에서 3 일에 투여 원하는. 그림 (b)는 성장과 휴면 식민지의 전형적인 모습을 보?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An In Vitro Dormancy Model of Estrogen-sensitive Breast Cancer in the Bone Marrow: A Tool for Molecular Mechanism Studies and Hypothesis Generation at JoVE.co

An In Vitro Dormancy Model of Estrogen-sensitive Breast Cancer in the Bone Marrow: A Tool for Molecular Mechanism Studies and Hypothesis Generation

We developed an in vitro model of dormancy in the bone marrow for estrogen-sensitive breast cancer cells. The goal of this protocol is to demonstrate use of the model for the study of the molecular and cellular biology of dormancy and for generation of hypotheses for subsequent testing in vivo.

<em&gt; 체외</em&gt; 골수에서 에스트로겐에 민감한 유방암의 휴면 모델 : 분자 메커니즘 연구 및 가설 생성을위한 도구

The study of breast cancer dormancy in the bone marrow is an exceptionally difficult undertaking due to the complexity of the interactions of dormant ...

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An In Vitro Dormancy Model of Estrogen-sensitive Breast Cancer in the Bone Marrow: A Tool for Molecular Mechanism Studies and Hypothesis Generation

An In Vitro System to Study Tumor Dormancy and the Switch to Metastatic Growth

An In Vitro System to Study Tumor Dormancy and the Switch to Metastatic Growth

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Genomic studies of  human cancers have yielded a wealth of information about genes that are altered  in tumors1,2,3. A challenge arising from these ...

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Serial sampling of the cellular composition of bone marrow (BM) is a routine procedure critical to clinical hematology. This protocol describes a detailed ...

Carotid Artery Infusions for Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Taxanes in Mice

마우스의 탁산의 약동학 및 약력 학적 분석을위한 경동맥 팅크

When proposing the use of a drug, drug combination, or drug delivery into a novel system, one must assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the study ...

An Ex vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast

An Ex vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast

<em&gt; 생체 내</em&gt; 모델은 인간의 유방암에서 호르몬 행동을 연구하기 위해

The study of hormone action in the human breast has been hampered by lack of adequate model systems. Upon in vitro culture, primary mammary epithelial ...

Utilization of the Soft Agar Colony Formation Assay to Identify Inhibitors of Tumorigenicity in Breast Cancer Cells

소프트 한천 콜로니 형성 분석의 활용은 유방암 세포에서 종양 유발의 억제를 확인하는

Given the inherent difficulties in investigating the mechanisms of tumor progression in vivo, cell-based assays such as the soft agar colony formation ...