Name: immunostaining to visualize murine enteric nervous system development
Uploaded: 2015-04-29T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Immunostaining to Visualize Murine Enteric Nervous System Development at JoVE.com

Este trabajo fue apoyado byThe Premio American Pediatric Surgical Association Foundation (AG) y los Institutos Nacionales de Salud K08DK098271 (AG).

La Universidad de Wisconsin Cuidado de Animales y el empleo Comisión aprobó todos los procedimientos. 1. Preparación de soluciones <ol><li> Utilice fosfato 1x solución salina tamponada (PBS) como tampón de disección y solución de lavado. </li><li> Preparar 30% de sacarosa pesando 30 g de sacarosa y el lugar en una botella. Añadir 99 ml de 1x PBS y añadir 1 ml 10% de azida de sodio. Mezclar bien hasta que toda la sacarosa se disuelve. Almacenar a 4 ° C hasta que sea necesar...

<ol>
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B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunohistochemical+analysis+of+neuron+types+in+the+mouse+small+intestine.">Immunohistochemical analysis of neuron types in the mouse small intestine.</a> Cell Tissue Res. 334 (2), 147-161 (2008).</li><li>Bian, X. -. C., Bornstein, J. C., Bertrand, P. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nicotinic+transmission+at+functionally+distinct+synapses+in+descending+reflex+pathways+of+the+rat+colon.">Nicotinic transmission at functionally distinct synapses in descending reflex pathways of the rat colon.</a> Neurogastroenterol Motil. 15 (2), 161-171 (2003).</li><li>Johnson, C. D., Epstein, M. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monoclonal+antibodies+and+polyvalent+antiserum+to+chicken+choline+acetyltransferase.">Monoclonal antibodies and polyvalent antiserum to chicken choline acetyltransferase.</a> J Neurochem. 46 (3), 968-976 (1986).</li><li>Tooyama, I., Kimura, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+protein+encoded+by+an+alternative+splice+variant+of+choline+acetyltransferase+mRNA+is+localized+preferentially+in+peripheral+nerve+cells+and+fibers.">A protein encoded by an alternative splice variant of choline acetyltransferase mRNA is localized preferentially in peripheral nerve cells and fibers.</a> J Chem Neuroanat. 17 (4), 217-226 (2000).</li><li>Koga, T., Bellier, J. -. P., Kimura, H., Tooyama, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunoreactivity+for+Choline+Acetyltransferase+of+Peripheral-Type+(pChAT)+in+the+Trigeminal+Ganglion+Neurons+of+the+Non-Human+Primate+Macaca+fascicularis.">Immunoreactivity for Choline Acetyltransferase of Peripheral-Type (pChAT) in the Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons of the Non-Human Primate Macaca fascicularis.</a> Acta histochemica et cytochemica. 46 (2), 59-64 (2013).</li><li>Sang, Q., Young, H. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+identification+and+chemical+coding+of+cholinergic+neurons+in+the+small+and+large+intestine+of+the+mouse.">The identification and chemical coding of cholinergic neurons in the small and large intestine of the mouse.</a> Anat Rec. 251 (2), 185-199 (1998).</li><li>Lei, J., Howard, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeted+deletion+of+Hand2+in+enteric+neural+precursor+cells+affects+its+functions+in+neurogenesis,+neurotransmitter+specification+and+gangliogenesis,+causing+functional+aganglionosis.">Targeted deletion of Hand2 in enteric neural precursor cells affects its functions in neurogenesis, neurotransmitter specification and gangliogenesis, causing functional aganglionosis.</a> Development (Cambridge, England). 138 (21), 4789-4800 (2011).</li><li>Erickson, C. S., Lee, S. J., Barlow-Anacker, A. J., Druckenbrod, N. R., Epstein, M. L., Gosain, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Appearance+of+cholinergic+myenteric+neurons+during+enteric+nervous+system+development:+comparison+of+different+ChAT+fluorescent+mouse+reporter+lines.">Appearance of cholinergic myenteric neurons during enteric nervous system development: comparison of different ChAT fluorescent mouse reporter lines.</a> Neurogastroenterol Motil. 26 (6), 874-884 (2014).</li><li>Teitelbaum, D. H., Caniano, D. A., Qualman, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+pathophysiology+of+Hirschsprung's-associated+enterocolitis:+importance+of+histologic+correlates.">The pathophysiology of Hirschsprung's-associated enterocolitis: importance of histologic correlates.</a> J Pediatr Surg. 24 (12), 1271-1277 (1989).</li><li>Aslam, A., Spicer, R. D., Corfield, A. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Children+with+Hirschsprung's+disease+have+an+abnormal+colonic+mucus+defensive+barrier+independent+of+the+bowel+innervation+status.">Children with Hirschsprung's disease have an abnormal colonic mucus defensive barrier independent of the bowel innervation status.</a> J Pediatr Surg. 32 (8), 1206-1210 (1997).</li><li>Puig, I., Champeval, D., De Santa Barbara, P., Jaubert, F., Lyonnet, S., Larue, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deletion+of+Pten+in+the+mouse+enteric+nervous+system+induces+ganglioneuromatosis+and+mimics+intestinal+pseudoobstruction.">Deletion of Pten in the mouse enteric nervous system induces ganglioneuromatosis and mimics intestinal pseudoobstruction.</a> J Clin Invest. 119 (12), 3586-3596 (2009).</li></ol>

Nuestro laboratorio y otros han demostrado que los defectos intestinales en HSCR no se limitan al colon aganglionar pero extenderse proximalmente, incluso en el intestino delgado ganglionar 5,15,16. Estas alteraciones incluyen cambios en la densidad y ENS fenotipo neuronal neurotransmisor y puede dar cuenta de dismotilidad que se ha observado en pacientes con HSCR. Hemos utilizado las técnicas anteriores en nuestros esfuerzos para comprender los determinantes de la formación de la ENS. En concreto, estas t?...

Un funcionamiento del sistema nervioso entérico (ENS), que controla la motilidad, la absorción de nutrientes, y el flujo sanguíneo local, es esencial para la vida 1. El ENS está formado por células de la cresta neural (NCC) que proliferan, migran y colonizar el intestino, donde se diferencian en neuronas de los ganglios que contiene y células gliales. Enfermedad de Hirschsprung (herencia mendeliana HSCR, en línea en el hombre), un trastorno congénito multigeneic con una incidencia de 1 en 4.000 nacidos vivos, se puede considerar la enfermedad prototípico para el estudio de la formación de ENS interrumpido. En HSCR, NCC dejan de migrar y colonizar a longitudes variables del intestino posterior distal 2. Además, otra gastrointestinal común (GI) defectos en el desarrollo de la población pediátrica, como malformaciones anorrectales, atresias intestinales y trastornos de la motilidad se asocian con alteraciones en las funciones básicas de la ENS, y es probable que, asociados con cambios anatómicos subestimados sutiles y cambios funcionales enel 3-6 ENS. Por lo tanto, las técnicas que nos permitan comprender los determinantes del desarrollo de la formación ENS pueden arrojar luz sobre la patogénesis y el tratamiento potencial de trastornos del tracto GI pediátricos. A raíz de la migración y colonización, NCC se diferencia en neuronas con marcadores específicos para su fenotipo neurotransmisor. Las neuronas colinérgicas representan aproximadamente el 60% de las neuronas entéricas 7, y pueden ser detectados por tinción para la colina acetiltransferasa (ChAT), la enzima sintetizadora de la acetilcolina del neurotransmisor excitatorio. Históricamente, los intentos de visualizar las neuronas colinérgicas fueron confundidos por los diferentes antígenos especificidad de anticuerpos dirigidos contra el sistema nervioso central (SNC) Chat contra el sistema nervioso periférico (SNP) Chat 8-10. Sin embargo, los anticuerpos dirigidos contra ChAT placentaria reconocer tanto ChAT central y periférico 11-13, y tenemos técnicas recientemente descritos que permiten visualización de las neuronas colinérgicas ENS con alta sensibilidad anteriormente en el desarrollo que se ha logrado con líneas reportero ChAT 14. A continuación, presentamos una técnica de disección, la fijación y la inmunotinción de la murino tubo digestivo embrionario visualizar ENS expresión neurotransmisor en las neuronas. Para estos estudios, hemos utilizado ratones chat-Cre se aparearon con R26R: animales tdTomato para producir chat-Cre; R26R:: floxSTOP ratones tdTomato (definidos como Chat-Cre tdTomato todo el manuscrito): floxSTOP. Estos animales fueron entonces aparearon con ratones reportero GFP-ChAT homocigotos, para obtener ratones que expresan ambos reporteros fluorescentes que detectan la expresión de ChAT 14. Estos dos animales reportero están en un fondo C57BL / 6J y están disponibles comercialmente (Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME).

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline</td>
			<td>Oxoid</td>
			<td>BR0014G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sucrose</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>S2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Azide</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>BP9221</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine Serum Albumin</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>BP1605</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>X100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>158127</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>60 mm Petri dishes</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>FB0875713A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluorescence scope</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>SMZ-18 stereoscope</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissection microscope</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>SMZ-18 stereoscope</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine forceps</td>
			<td>Fine science tools</td>
			<td>11252-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.5 mL Eppendorf tubes</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>20170-038</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluoromount-G</td>
			<td>SouthernBiotech, Birmingham, AL</td>
			<td>0100-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass slides</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>12-550-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cover glass</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>16004-330</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocal microscope</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>Nikon A1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nikon Elements</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

immunostaining to visualize murine enteric nervous system development

The enteric nervous system is formed by neural crest cells that proliferate, migrate and colonize the gut. Following colonization, neural crest cells must then differentiate into neurons with markers specific for their neurotransmitter phenotype. Cholinergic neurons, a major neurotransmitter phenotype in the enteric nervous system, are identified by staining for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the synthesizing enzyme for acetylcholine. Historical efforts to visualize cholinergic neurons have been hampered by antibodies with differing specificities to central nervous system versus peripheral nervous system ChAT. We and others have overcome this limitation by using an antibody against placental ChAT, which recognizes both central and peripheral ChAT, to successfully visualize embryonic enteric cholinergic neurons. Additionally, we have compared this antibody to genetic reporters for ChAT and shown that the antibody is more reliable during embryogenesis. This protocol describes a technique for dissecting, fixing and immunostaining of the murine embryonic gastrointestinal tract to visualize enteric nervous system neurotransmitter expression.

Hemos descrito previamente la generación de ratones que expresan tanto las buenas prácticas agrarias y tdTomato reporteros fluorescentes que detectan la expresión de ChAT 14. En pocas palabras, los ratones chat-Cre se aparearon con R26R: floxSTOP: animales tdTomato para producir chat-Cre; R26R: ratones tdTomato (llamados chat-Cre tdTomato): floxSTOP. Estos animales fueron entonces aparearon con ratones reportero GFP-ChAT homocigotos. Se aislaro...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Immunostaining to Visualize Murine Enteric Nervous System Development at JoVE.com

Immunostaining to Visualize Murine Enteric Nervous System Development

The enteric nervous system is formed by neural crest cells that proliferate, migrate and colonize the gut. Neural crest cells differentiate into neurons with markers specific for their neurotransmitter phenotype. This protocol describes a technique for dissecting, fixing and immunostaining of the murine embryonic gastrointestinal tract to visualize enteric nervous system neurotransmitter expression.

La inmunotinción para visualizar murino entérica Desarrollo del Sistema Nervioso

The enteric nervous system is formed by neural crest cells that proliferate, migrate and colonize the gut. Following colonization, neural crest cells must ...

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