Name: simultaneous pet/mri imaging during mouse cerebral hypoxia-ischemia
Uploaded: 2015-09-20T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Simultaneous PET/MRI Imaging During Mouse Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia at JoVE.com

作者要感谢中心的分子和基因组成像加州大学戴维斯分校的生物医学成像部门在Genentech公司。这项工作是由卫生部生物工程研究合作伙伴的授权号R01 EB00993一个国家机构的支持。

所有的动物处理和程序本文所述，并根据动物研究：报告体内实验（到达）的指导方针，按照批准的协会为实验动物的评审评估方案进行（AAALAC）的国际认证机构动物护理和使用委员会在加州大学戴维斯分校。适当的手术不应导致的在动物的任何疼痛或不适的迹象，但如果这些标志观察到，包括的止痛剂或在某些情况下施用安乐死应采取适当的步骤。右侧的动物是任意选择为所描述的单方面过程?...

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同时解剖MRI和动态DWI-MRI和[18 F] FDG PET数据成功地从实验动物中以下颈总动脉结扎缺氧挑战获得的。这代表了一个强有力的实验范例用于与在大脑局部缺血损伤相关联的快速变化的病理生理的多模成像和可以很容易地扩展到研究其它的PET放射性示踪剂（对于神经炎症的示例标记）和MRI序列，以及介入战略的影响期间或缺血性的挑战后不久。 期间在?...

在世界范围内，中风死亡的第二大原因和残疾1的一大原因。发生期间和之后急性中风事件生理生化事件的级联反应迅速，与组织的活力，最终的结果2含义发生。脑缺氧缺血（HI），这导致缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE），估计影响高达0.3％和足月和早产，分别3,4- 4％。死亡率在HIE患儿是约15％至20％。在HIE幸存者的25％，永久性并发症发生的伤害，包括智力低下，运动障碍，脑瘫和癫痫3,4的结果。以往的治疗干预还没有被证明值得采纳的护理标准，并达成共识尚未达成，最先进的方法，基于低温，有效降低发病率3,5。其他问题Ø˚F争夺包括低温和患者选择6给药方法。因此，对神经保护和神经复原的战略仍然是一个肥沃的地区研究7。 自1960年以来脑HI大鼠模型已经面世，并随后进行了调整，以小鼠8,9。由于模型和结扎的位置的性质，有对结果因在动物10之间侧支血流差异固有可变性。其结果是，这些车型往往比同类机型，如大脑中动脉闭塞（缺血），更变数。生理变化的实时测量已被证实与激光多普勒血流仪以及弥散加权成像11。脑血液流所观察到的帧内动物变性期间，并立即缺氧后，以及在急性成果，如梗死体积和神经赤字，建议同时采集多的数据和关联将是有益的。 在同时进行正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和磁共振成像（MRI）的最新进展已经允许在临床前成像12-14中的新的可能性。这些混合，结合系统临床前应用的潜在优势在文献15,16已经描述。例如，当事件如中风的每个实例本身表现独特，迅速变化的病理生理 - - 尽管许多临床前的问题可以通过成像个别动物顺序的或通过成像单独动物组，某些情况下加以处理，使其理想，甚至是必要使用同步测量。脑功能成像提供了这样一个例子，在这里同时2-脱氧-2-（18 F）氟ᴅ葡萄糖（[18 F-FDG）PET和布卢D-氧水平依赖（BOLD）MRI最近被证明在大鼠胡须刺激研究14。 在这里，我们展示了一个发生缺氧缺血性中风的大脑生理学是不是在稳定状态的过程中同时进行PET / MRI成像，但在缺氧的挑战，而不是迅速和不可逆的变化。变化水扩散，如通过MRI测定，通过从弥散加权成像（DWI）衍生的表观扩散系数（ADC）量化的，已被充分表征的冲程在临床和临床前数据17,18。在动物模型如MCAO，水在受影响的脑组织的扩散迅速下降是由于生物能量级联导致细胞毒性水肿18。在ADC这些急性变化也观察到脑缺氧缺血11,19的啮齿动物模型。 [18楼] FDG PET显像已应用于中风患者，以评估改变当地的冰川ucose代谢20，和一个小数目的体内动物研究还使用[18 F] FDG的21，包括在脑缺氧缺血模型22。总的来说，这些研究显示，缺血区减少葡萄糖的利用，尽管使用再灌注模型的一项研究发现，与后来的心肌梗塞发展23这些代谢的变化无关。这是相对于已与不可逆受损芯 21相关联的扩散变化。因此，为了能够获得笔划的进化过程中，来自于[18 F] FDG PET及DWI以同时的方式中的补充信息是很重要的，因为这是可能产生关于损伤的进展，产生的影响的有意义的信息治疗干预。我们在这里描述的方法很容易适合与各种PET示踪剂和MRI序列的使用。例如，[15 O] H 2 O宠物随着DWI和灌注加权图像（PWI）从MRI图像可以被用于进一步探索缺血半暗带的开发和验证行程摄像视野内的电流的技术。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgery</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical scissors</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>RS-5852</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>RS-5237</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hartman mosquito forceps</td>
			<td>Miltex</td>
			<td>7-26</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2x McPherson suturing forceps, 8.5 cm</td>
			<td>Accurate Surgical &#38; Scientific Instruments</td>
			<td>4473</td>
			<td>It is useful to reduce the opening width with a band on the forceps used to hold the carotid artery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-0 silicone coated braided silk suture with 3/8 C-1 needle</td>
			<td>Covidien Sofsilk</td>
			<td>S-1172</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Homeothermic blanket system</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>507220F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Super glue</td>
			<td>(Generic)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hypoxia</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flowmeter for O2</td>
			<td>Alicat Scientific</td>
			<td>MC-500SCCM-D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flometer for N2</td>
			<td>Alicat Scientific</td>
			<td>MC-5SLPM-D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>O2 meter</td>
			<td>MSA</td>
			<td>Altair Pro</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Imaging</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>7.05 Tesla MRI System</td>
			<td>Bruker</td>
			<td>BioSpec</td>
			<td>20 cm inner bore diameter with gradient set. Paravision 5.1 software.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Volume Tx/Rx 1H Coil, 35mm ID</td>
			<td>Bruker</td>
			<td>T8100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PET system</td>
			<td>(In-house)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>4x24 LSO-PSAPD detectors, 
			10x10 LSO array per detector, 
			1.2mm crystal pitch and 14mm depth. 14 x 14 mm PSAPD. FOV: 60x35mm. 350-650 keV energy window. 16 ns timing window.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vessel cannulation Dumont forceps</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>RS-4991</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PE-10 polyethylene tubing</td>
			<td>BD Intramedic</td>
			<td>427401</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Infusion pump</td>
			<td>Braintree Scientific</td>
			<td>BS-300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Animal monitoring &#38; gating equipment</td>
			<td>Small Animal Instruments Inc.</td>
			<td>Model 1025</td>
			<td>Only respiration monitoring used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Animal bed with temperature regulation</td>
			<td>(In-house)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

simultaneous pet/mri imaging during mouse cerebral hypoxia-ischemia

在缺氧脑缺氧缺血反映在受影响细胞生物能量扰动后组织水扩散和葡萄糖代谢的动态变化会发生。磁共振弥散加权成像（MRI）标识被损坏，造成无法恢复的区域，缺氧，缺血。在受影响的组织对葡萄糖的利用改变可以是可检测的正电子发射断层摄影术的2-脱氧-2-（18 F）的氟ᴅ葡萄糖（[18 F] FDG）摄取（PET）成像。由于损伤的动物模型的快速和可变性质，采集数据的两种模式的必须同时以有意义地关联的PET和MRI数据执行。此外，在缺氧缺血损伤由于血管差异的动物间变异性限制来分析多模态的数据和观察到的变化的一组，明智的做法，如果未在个体对象同时采集的数据的能力。该方法P反感这里允许一个之前在相同的动物获得两个扩散加权MRI和[18 F] FDG摄取数据，在此期间，为了询问即时的生理变化的缺氧攻击后。

图1显示了普通颈动脉的结扎正确之前，闭合伤口用6-0丝线缝合的结果。 在该方法中，从拍摄得到的数据是高度依赖于实验，这又决定，并且还决定由实验的限制包括图像捕获方案和设备设置的时间安排。这些及其他因素的进一步探讨在讨论部分。与本文描述的协议中，设备（图2A）的物理安装允许进行不间断的多模态图像采集之前，期?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Simultaneous PET/MRI Imaging During Mouse Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia at JoVE.com

Simultaneous PET/MRI Imaging During Mouse Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

这里介绍的方法使用同时正电子发射断层扫描和磁共振成像。在脑缺氧缺血模型，扩散和糖代谢的动态变化过程及伤后发生。在这个模型中不断变化和不可重复的损害就必须同时获得，如果有意义的多模态成像的数据是被收购。

同时PET / MRI成像在小鼠脑缺氧缺血

Dynamic changes in tissue water diffusion and glucose metabolism occur during and after hypoxia in cerebral hypoxia-ischemia reflecting a bioenergetics ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Mouse Model of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

大脑中动脉闭塞的小鼠模型

Stroke is the most common fatal neurological disease in the United States 1. The majority of strokes (88%) result from blockage of blood vessels in the ...

科研

医学

The Application Of Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Ligation in the Mouse

在小鼠永久性大脑中动脉结扎术中的应用

Focal cerebral ischemia is among the most common type of stroke seen in patients. Due to the clinical significance there has been a prolonged effort to ...

Mouse Model of Intraluminal MCAO: Cerebral Infarct Evaluation by Cresyl Violet Staining

小鼠模型的腔内MCAO脑梗塞评价甲酚紫染色

Stroke is the third  cause of mortality and the leading cause of disability in the World. Ischemic  stroke accounts for approximately 80% of all strokes. ...

Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants

婴幼儿的脑代谢和血流动力学的非侵入式光学测量

Perinatal brain injury remains a significant cause of infant mortality  and morbidity, but there is not yet an effective bedside tool that can  accurately ...

Utilizing a Cranial Window to Visualize the Middle Cerebral Artery During Endothelin-1 Induced Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

利用颅窗口，在可视化的大脑中动脉内皮素-1诱导大脑中动脉闭塞

Creation of a cranial window is a method that allows direct visualization of structures on the cortical surface of the brain1-3. This technique can be ...

In Vivo Dynamics of Retinal Microglial Activation During Neurodegeneration: Confocal Ophthalmoscopic Imaging and Cell Morphometry in Mouse Glaucoma

In Vivo Dynamics of Retinal Microglial Activation During Neurodegeneration: Confocal Ophthalmoscopic Imaging and Cell Morphometry in Mouse Glaucoma

视网膜胶质细胞活化的体内动力学在神经退行性疾病：共聚焦成像眼底及细胞形态计量小鼠青光眼

Microglia, which are CNS-resident neuroimmune cells, transform their morphology and size in response to CNS damage, switching to an activated state with ...

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

基于短暂性脑缺氧缺血性血栓性中风模型

Stroke research has endured many setbacks in translating neuroprotective therapies into clinical practice. In contrast, the real-world therapy (tPA ...

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

早产儿脑病建模使用产前缺氧缺血大鼠羊膜腔内毒素

Encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) is a term that encompasses the central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities associated with preterm birth. To best ...

Combined Near-infrared Fluorescent Imaging and Micro-computed Tomography for Directly Visualizing Cerebral Thromboemboli

结合近红外荧光成像和微计算机断层扫描直接可视化脑血栓

Direct thrombus imaging visualizes the root cause of thromboembolic infarction. Being able to image thrombus directly allows far better investigation of ...

Induction and Micro-CT Imaging of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in Mouse Model

小鼠脑海绵体畸形的诱导及显微 CT 成像

Mutations in the CCM1 (aka KRIT1), CCM2, or CCM3 (aka PDCD10) gene cause cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) in humans. Mouse models of CCM disease have ...