Name: viral-mediated labeling and transplantation of medial ganglionic eminence (mge) cells for in vivo studies
Uploaded: 2015-04-23T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Viral-mediated Labeling and Transplantation of Medial Ganglionic Eminence MGE Cells for In Vivo Studies at JoVE.com

这项工作是支持的补助，以JLRR：自闭症，尼​​娜爱尔兰，韦斯顿避风港基金会，NIMH R01 MH081880和NIMH R37 MH049428。 PRW是由来自台湾的国家科学委员会的奖学金支持。 SFS是由F32（MH103003）的支持。

伦理学声明：以下程序已通过我们的机构和动物的协议。确保获得批准，涉及生存手术开始实验前的所有程序，并确认所有的协议都是最新的。 1.慢病毒准备（可选步骤） <ol><li>拆分HEK293T细胞的3个10 CM平板的每个慢病毒被制成，以10ml的DMEM / 10％FBS的存在下，并生长至〜60-70％汇合。生长的细胞在培养箱中在37℃，5％的CO 2。 </li><li>转染以下DNA质粒（10微克总?...

<ol>
	<li>Huang, Z. J., Di Cristo, G., Ango, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+GABA+innervation+in+the+cerebral+and+cerebellar+cortices.">Development of GABA innervation in the cerebral and cerebellar cortices.</a> Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 8 (9), 673-686 (2007).</li><li>Rubenstein, J. L. R., Merzenich, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Model+of+autism:+increased+ratio+of+excitation/inhibition+in+key+neural+systems.">Model of autism: increased ratio of excitation/inhibition in key neural systems.</a> Genes, brain, and behavior. 2 (5), 255-267 (2003).</li><li>Anderson, S. A., Eisenstat, D. D., Shi, L., Rubenstein, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interneuron+migration+from+basal+forebrain+to+neocortex:+dependence+on+Dlx+genes.">Interneuron migration from basal forebrain to neocortex: dependence on Dlx genes.</a> Science. 278 (5337), 474-476 (1997).</li><li>Wonders, C. P., Anderson, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+origin+and+specification+of+cortical+interneurons.">The origin and specification of cortical interneurons.</a> Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 7 (9), 687-696 (2006).</li><li>Gelman, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Wide+Diversity+of+Cortical+GABAergic+Interneurons+Derives+from+the+Embryonic+Preoptic+Area.">A Wide Diversity of Cortical GABAergic Interneurons Derives from the Embryonic Preoptic Area.</a> J. Neurosci. 31 (46), 16570-16580 (2011).</li><li>Miyoshi, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+fate+mapping+reveals+that+the+caudal+ganglionic+eminence+produces+a+large+and+diverse+population+of+superficial+cortical+interneurons.">Genetic fate mapping reveals that the caudal ganglionic eminence produces a large and diverse population of superficial cortical interneurons.</a> J. Neurosci. 30 (5), 1582-1594 (2010).</li><li>Batista-Brito, R., Fishell, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+developmental+integration+of+cortical+interneurons+into+a+functional+network.">The developmental integration of cortical interneurons into a functional network.</a> Curr. Top. Dev. Bio. 87, 81-118 (2009).</li><li>Inan, M., Welagen, J., Anderson, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatial+and+Temporal+Bias+in+the+Mitotic+Origins+of+Somatostatin.">Spatial and Temporal Bias in the Mitotic Origins of Somatostatin.</a> and Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneuron Subgroups and the Chandelier Subtype in the Medial Ganglionic. 22 (4), 820-827 (2012).</li><li>Taniguchi, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Resource+of+Cre+Driver+Lines+for+Genetic+Targeting+of+GABAergic+Neurons+in+Cerebral+Cortex.">A Resource of Cre Driver Lines for Genetic Targeting of GABAergic Neurons in Cerebral Cortex.</a> Neuron. 71 (6), 995-1013 (2011).</li><li>Madisen, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+robust+and+high-throughput+Cre+reporting+and+characterization+system+for+the+whole+mouse+brain.">A robust and high-throughput Cre reporting and characterization system for the whole mouse brain.</a> Nature Neuroscience. 13 (1), 133-140 (2010).</li><li>Hippenmeyer, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+developmental+switch+in+the+response+of+DRG+neurons+to+ETS+transcription+factor+signaling.">A developmental switch in the response of DRG neurons to ETS transcription factor signaling.</a> PLoS Bio. 3 (5), e159 (2005).</li><li>Southwell, D. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interneurons+from+embryonic+development+to+cell-based+therapy.">Interneurons from embryonic development to cell-based therapy.</a> Science. 344 (6180), 1240622 (2014).</li><li>Hunt, R. F., Girskis, K. M., Rubenstein, J. L., Alvarez-Buylla, A., Baraban, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=GABA+progenitors+grafted+into+the+adult+epileptic+brain+control+seizures+and+abnormal.">GABA progenitors grafted into the adult epileptic brain control seizures and abnormal.</a> Nature Neuroscience. 16 (6), 692-697 (2013).</li><li>Braz, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Forebrain+GABAergic+Neuron+Precursors+Integrate+into+Adult+Spinal+Cord+and+Reduce+Injury-Induced+Neuropathic+Pain.">Forebrain GABAergic Neuron Precursors Integrate into Adult Spinal Cord and Reduce Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain.</a> Neuron. 74, 663-675 (2012).</li><li>Vogt, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lhx6+Directly+Regulates+Arx+and+CXCR7+to+Determine+Cortical+Interneuron+Fate+and+Laminar+Position.">Lhx6 Directly Regulates Arx and CXCR7 to Determine Cortical Interneuron Fate and Laminar Position.</a> Neuron. 82 (2), 350-364 (2014).</li><li>Alvarez-Dolado, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cortical+inhibition+modified+by+embryonic+neural+precursors+grafted+into+the+postnatal+brain.">Cortical inhibition modified by embryonic neural precursors grafted into the postnatal brain.</a> J. Neurosci. 26 (4), 7380-7389 (2006).</li><li>Du, T., Xu, Q., Ocbina, P. J., Anderson, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NKX2.1+specifies+cortical+interneuron+fate+by+activating+Lhx6.">NKX2.1 specifies cortical interneuron fate by activating Lhx6.</a> Development. 135 (8), 1559-1567 (2008).</li><li>Arguello, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dapper+Antagonist+of+Catenin-1+Cooperates+with+Dishevelled-1+during+Postsynaptic+Development+in+Mouse+Forebrain+GABAergic+Interneurons.">Dapper Antagonist of Catenin-1 Cooperates with Dishevelled-1 during Postsynaptic Development in Mouse Forebrain GABAergic Interneurons.</a> PLoS ONE. 8 (6), e67679 (2013).</li><li>Lee, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pyramidal+neurons+in+prefrontal+cortex+receive+subtype-specific+forms+of+excitation+and+inhibition.">Pyramidal neurons in prefrontal cortex receive subtype-specific forms of excitation and inhibition.</a> Neuron. 81 (1), 61-68 (2014).</li><li>Chen, Y. J. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+&#8220;MGE+Enhancers&#8221;+for+Labeling+and+Selection+of+Embryonic+Stem+Cell-Derived+Medial+Ganglionic+Eminence+(MGE)+Progenitors+and+Neurons.">Use of &#8220;MGE Enhancers&#8221; for Labeling and Selection of Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Medial Ganglionic Eminence (MGE) Progenitors and Neurons.</a> PLoS ONE. 8 (5), e61956 (2013).</li><li>Pattabiraman, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptional+regulation+of+enhancers+active+in+protodomains+of+the+developing+cerebral+cortex.">Transcriptional regulation of enhancers active in protodomains of the developing cerebral cortex.</a> Neuron. 82 (5), 989-1003 (2014).</li></ol>

从胚胎神经节隆起（GES）为基础的细胞治疗使用皮质GABA能中间神经元前体正显示出的承诺了很多条件，12 -1 4。需要精确的分子技术进行跟踪，并表示在特定的中间神经元亚组感兴趣的基因。在这里，我们提供了一个详细的协议，用于在移植前用慢病毒标记胚胎MGE细胞并展示如何这种技术可以用来表达的体内分析中的具体的皮层中间神经元亚群的兴趣基因。 本?...

GABA能皮质的interneurons包括在哺乳动物大脑皮质的神经元〜20-30％，而其余的对应兴奋性，谷氨酸主要神经元。的interneurons在电生理特性，轴突和树突形态和突触目标1高度多样化，并在兴奋/抑制色调失衡假设是背后的神经/精神神经疾病，包括孤独症，精神分裂症和癫痫2部分的表型。本文所描述的协议的总体目标是提供对移植的体内分析之前有效地遗传修饰GABA能皮层中间神经元祖细胞的方法。 皮质GABA能中间是出生在内侧和尾神经节隆起（MGE和CGE，分别）3,4，以及视前区5。皮质中间神经元祖细胞经过长距离迁移切线后面通过放射状迁移，达到他们的最终目标。抵达目的地，这些皮质的interneurons必须正确集成到现有网络中的神经元，每个独特的中间神经元亚组会以特定的方式有助于皮质电路。四个主要子组，可以区分由分子标记：MGE衍生的促生长素抑制素（SST）+和小清蛋白（PV）+亚组，和CGE衍生血管活性肠肽（VIP）+和颤+; SST -亚组6。不同皮层中间神经元亚群都在MGE和CGE 7,8胚胎发育过程中所生了不同的时间。这些和其他皮质GABA能中间神经元标记物已被用于产生特异的Cre驱动线许多这些亚组9-11的。 MGE祖细胞的移植已成为一个潜在的基于细胞的疗法来治疗可通过不平衡引起的疾病励磁/抑制12 - 24。这些治疗益处可能部分是由于MGE祖细胞（分散，分化和整合入宿主脑），或可能是因为许多关节周围的体细胞抑制性的PV +细胞是从MGE衍生的独特能力。 MGE细胞也可以快速和有效地转导的移植15之前慢病毒，允许被遗传修饰在体外的细胞在体内进行研究。开发这种方法的原理是克服障碍在研究GABA能中间神经元皮质发育和成熟。特别是，移植的MGE允许研究人员研究突变的细胞在体内的发展，当突变小鼠将否则在早期时间点死亡。此外，通过引入移植前感兴趣的基因上的突变体的表型的特定基因的作用，可以在一个EFF评估icient方式。 在这里，我们提供了一个详细的协议转导的MGE细胞移植前的慢病毒。此外，我们显示如何这种技术可以适用于从皮层中间神经元前体的一组异质性表达在特定中间神经元亚群的目的基因，采用依赖于Cre的表达慢病毒和可用Cre的驱动鼠标线的组合。此外，该协议引入的技术和研究人员的一个平台，以基因修饰GABA能中间神经元的皮质前体的体内研究以独特的方式。这种技术比其他现有方法的一个优点是，移植的MGE细胞将分散远离注射部位。此外，与焦病毒注射后的MGE细胞分散它们的形态是更容易评估。这种方法可用于研究引入感兴趣基因引入野生型或突变体细胞中，引入的细胞类型特异性的效果记者评估形态，或潜在学习的疾病等位基因体内的效果。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Reagents and equipment for MGE cell transplantation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 ml syringe</td>
			<td>REF 309602</td>
			<td colspan="2">BD, Becton Dickinson and company</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>301/2 gauge needle</td>
			<td>305106</td>
			<td colspan="2">BD, Becton Dickinson and company</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Precision bore to deliver 5 &#181;l (comes with plunger)</td>
			<td>5-000-1005</td>
			<td colspan="2">Drummond scientific company</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Parafilm</td>
			<td>PM-999</td>
			<td colspan="2">Polysciences, Inc.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereo microscope with boomstand **</td>
			<td>MZ6</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Digital just for mice stereotaxic instrument **</td>
			<td>51725D</td>
			<td colspan="2">Stoelting company</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Single-axis oil hydraulic fine micromanipulator **</td>
			<td>MO-10</td>
			<td>Narishige</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diamond coated rotary beveler</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td colspan="2">made in house</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Needle pipette puller</td>
			<td>730</td>
			<td colspan="2">Kopf instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mineral oil</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td colspan="2">Any drug store or pharmacy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="2">Any pipette and tips that can reliaby measure 1 &#181;l of volume</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="2">** These are the particular models we use, but many other setups should work</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Optional Reagents (for making Lentiviruses)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>25 mm, 0.45 &#181;m filter</td>
			<td>09-719B</td>
			<td colspan="2">Fisher Scientific</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultra-clear centrifuge tubes (25 x 89 mm)</td>
			<td>344058</td>
			<td colspan="2">Beckman Coulter&#174;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lipofectamine 2000 (1.5 ml size)</td>
			<td>11668019</td>
			<td colspan="2">Invitrogen</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Other commercially available supplies</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pMDLg/pRRE plasmid encoding gag/pol</td>
			<td>12251</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pRSV-Rev plasmid encoding Rev</td>
			<td>12253</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pMD2.G plasmid encoding VSVG</td>
			<td>12259</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pAAV-Flex-GFP</td>
			<td>28304</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

viral-mediated labeling and transplantation of medial ganglionic eminence (mge) cells for in vivo studies

GABA能皮质的interneurons，从胚胎内侧和尾神经节隆起（MGE和CGE）得出，在功能和形态多样。进展已在理解的不同的皮层中间神经元亚群的作用，但是，也有可能向不同类型的GABA能细胞的发育和成熟仍有许多机制来制定。此外，改变的GABA能信令可以有助于孤独症，精神分裂症和癫痫的表型。特异性表达Cre-驱动线已经开始包裹出独特的中间神经元亚群的功能。尽管在小鼠模型中的进步，它往往是难以有效地研究GABA能皮层中间神经元祖细胞与分子的方法在体内进行 。用于研究这些细胞的细胞中自主编程的一个重要的技术是移植的MGE细胞向宿主皮层。这些移植的细胞广泛迁移，分化，一第二功能集成。此外，MGE细胞可以有效地转导的慢病毒立即移植前，允许多种分子的方法。下面我们详细的协议移植体内分析之前，有效地转导MGE细胞，利用现有的Cre-驱动线和依赖于Cre的表达载体。这种做法是有利的，因为它结合了精确的遗传操作与这些细胞的分散移植后，允许在体内更大的细胞类型特异性的分辨率的能力。

因为MGE细胞具有迁移并在移植到宿主新皮层16整合的独特能力，它们在体内的研究之前提供用于遗传操作的优良模型系统。这里，我们显示如何能够从E13.5胚胎分离的MGE组织（ 图1和2），然后可以用慢病毒在体外或在移植体内研究前一个快速的方式转导。通过慢病毒标记MGE已经使用了增强驾驶GFP的GABA能神经元15日前已执行。但是，表达能力从异质群...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Viral-mediated Labeling and Transplantation of Medial Ganglionic Eminence MGE Cells for In Vivo Studies at JoVE.com

Viral-mediated Labeling and Transplantation of Medial Ganglionic Eminence MGE Cells for In Vivo Studies

GABA能中间神经元皮质祖分散，开发和突触融入移植后的主机皮层。这些细胞可以移植在体内研究转基因GABA能前体的前容易地转导。这里，我们表明病毒标记技术到目标使用现有的Cre线和依赖于Cre的记者特定中间神经元亚群。

病毒介导的标签和内侧神经节隆起移植（MGE）细胞<em&gt;在体内</em&gt;研究

GABAergic cortical interneurons, derived from the embryonic medial and caudal ganglionic eminences (MGE and CGE), are functionally and morphologically ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Viral-mediated Labeling and Transplantation of Medial Ganglionic Eminence (MGE) Cells for In Vivo Studies

An Efficient Method to Obtain Dedifferentiated Fat Cells

一个有效的方法获取反分化脂肪细胞

Tissue engineering and cell therapy hold great promise clinically. In this regard, multipotent cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), may be used ...

科研

发育生物学

Structure-function Studies in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange

在小鼠胚胎干细胞结构功能研究使用重组酶介导的盒式交换

Gene engineering in mouse embryos or embryonic stem cells (mESCs) allows for the study of the function of a given protein. Proteins are the workhorses of ...

Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings of Isolated Primary Epithelial Cells from the Epididymis

分离的原发性上皮细胞从附睾的全细胞贴片钳记录

The epididymis is an essential organ for sperm maturation and reproductive health. The epididymal epithelium consists of intricately connected cell types ...

A Novel Mammary Fat Pad Transplantation Technique to Visualize the Vessel Generation of Vascular Endothelial Stem Cells

新型乳腺脂肪移植技术可视化血管内皮干细胞的血管生成

Endothelial cells (ECs) are the fundamental building blocks of the vascular architecture and mediate vascular growth and remodeling to ensure proper ...

Horizontal Whole Mount: A Novel Processing and Imaging Protocol for Thick, Three-dimensional Tissue Cross-sections of Skin

水平整体安装：厚三维组织横截面皮肤的新型加工和成像方案

Processing a tissue of interest to generate a microscopic image that supports a scientific argument can be challenging. The acquisition of high-quality ...

Immuno-fluorescent Labeling of Microtubules and Centrosomal Proteins in Ex Vivo Intestinal Tissue and 3D In Vitro Intestinal Organoids

Immuno-fluorescent Labeling of Microtubules and Centrosomal Proteins in Ex Vivo Intestinal Tissue and 3D In Vitro Intestinal Organoids

免疫荧光标记的微管和中心蛋白在体内肠道组织和 3D体外肠道 Organoids

The advent of 3D in vitro organoids that mimic the in vivo tissue architecture and morphogenesis has greatly advanced the ability to study key biological ...

Single-cell Photoconversion in Living Intact Zebrafish

活完好斑马鱼的单细胞 Photoconversion

Animal and plant tissue is composed of distinct populations of cells. These cells interact over time to build and maintain the tissue and can cause ...

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

秀丽线虫生殖的计算分析研究细胞核、蛋白质和细胞骨架的分布

The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) germline is used to study several biologically important processes including stem cell development, apoptosis, and ...

Single-cell Transcriptomic Analyses of Mouse Pancreatic Endocrine Cells

小鼠胰腺内分泌细胞的单细胞 Transcriptomic 分析

Pancreatic endocrine cells, which are clustered in islets, regulate blood glucose stability and energy metabolism. The distinct cell types in islets, ...

Intravenous and Intra-amniotic In Utero Transplantation in the Murine Model

Intravenous and Intra-amniotic In Utero Transplantation in the Murine Model

小鼠宫内移植中静脉和羊膜内植入的研究

In utero transplantation (IUT) is a unique and versatile mode of therapy that can be used to introduce stem cells, viral vectors, or any other substances ...