Name: detection of disease-associated &#945;-synuclein by enhanced elisa in the brain of transgenic mice overexpressing human a53t mutated &#945;-synuclein
Uploaded: 2015-05-30T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Detection of Disease-associated Î±-synuclein by Enhanced ELISA in the Brain of Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Human A53T Mutated Î±-synuclein at JoVE.com

The authors would like to thank Damien Gaillard for inoculations and follow-up of animal experiments. This work was supported by ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health &#38; Safety) and by a grant from the Foundation France Parkinson.

All the procedures and protocols involving animals were in accordance with EC Directive 86/609/EEC and ratified by ComEth, the French national committee for consideration of ethics in animal experimentation (protocol 11-0043). The animals were housed and cared for in ANSES&#8217;s approved experimental facilities in Lyon (approval B 69387 0801).
1. Preparation of Mice
<ol>
	<li>Euthanize mice by an intraperitoneal injection of lethal dose of sodium pentobarbital.</li>
	<li>Retrieve the whole...

<ol>
	<li>Goedert, M., Spillantini, M. G., Del Tredici, K., Braak, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=100+years+of+Lewy+pathology.">100 years of Lewy pathology.</a> Nat Rev Neurol. 9, 13-24 (2013).</li><li>Waxman, E. A., Giasson, B. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Specificity+and+regulation+of+casein+kinase-mediated+phosphorylation+of+alpha-synuclein.">Specificity and regulation of casein kinase-mediated phosphorylation of alpha-synuclein.</a> J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 67, 402-416 (2008).</li><li>Anderson, J. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phosphorylation+of+Ser-129+is+the+dominant+pathological+modification+of+alpha-synuclein+in+familial+and+sporadic+Lewy+body+disease.">Phosphorylation of Ser-129 is the dominant pathological modification of alpha-synuclein in familial and sporadic Lewy body disease.</a> J Biol Chem. 281, 29739-29752 (2006).</li><li>Mougenot, A. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prion-like+acceleration+of+a+synucleinopathy+in+a+transgenic+mouse+model.">Prion-like acceleration of a synucleinopathy in a transgenic mouse model.</a> Neurobiol Aging. 33, 2225-2228 (2012).</li><li>Luk, K. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intracerebral+inoculation+of+pathological+alpha-synuclein+initiates+a+rapidly+progressive+neurodegenerative+alpha-synucleinopathy+in+mice.">Intracerebral inoculation of pathological alpha-synuclein initiates a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative alpha-synucleinopathy in mice.</a> J Exp Med. 209, 975-986 (2012).</li><li>Giasson, B. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuronal+alpha-synucleinopathy+with+severe+movement+disorder+in+mice+expressing+A53T+human+alpha-synuclein.">Neuronal alpha-synucleinopathy with severe movement disorder in mice expressing A53T human alpha-synuclein.</a> Neuron. 34, 521-533 (2002).</li><li>Luk, K. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathological+alpha-synuclein+transmission+initiates+Parkinson-like+neurodegeneration+in+nontransgenic+mice.">Pathological alpha-synuclein transmission initiates Parkinson-like neurodegeneration in nontransgenic mice.</a> Science. 338, 949-953 (2012).</li><li>Masuda-Suzukake, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prion-like+spreading+of+pathological+alpha-synuclein+in+brain.">Prion-like spreading of pathological alpha-synuclein in brain.</a> Brain : a journal of neurology. 136, 1128-1138 (2013).</li><li>Sacino, A. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amyloidogenic+alpha-synuclein+seeds+do+not+invariably+induce+rapid,+widespread+pathology+in+mice.">Amyloidogenic alpha-synuclein seeds do not invariably induce rapid, widespread pathology in mice.</a> Acta neuropathologica. 127, 645-665 (2014).</li><li>Recasens, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lewy+body+extracts+from+parkinson's+disease+brains+trigger+alpha-synuclein+pathology+and+neurodegeneration+in+mice+and+monkeys.">Lewy body extracts from parkinson's disease brains trigger alpha-synuclein pathology and neurodegeneration in mice and monkeys.</a> Ann Neurol. , (2013).</li><li>Foulds, P. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phosphorylated+alpha-synuclein+can+be+detected+in+blood+plasma+and+is+potentially+a+useful+biomarker+for+Parkinson's+disease.">Phosphorylated alpha-synuclein can be detected in blood plasma and is potentially a useful biomarker for Parkinson's disease.</a> FASEB J. 25, 4127-4137 (2011).</li><li>El-Agnaf, O. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+oligomeric+forms+of+alpha-synuclein+protein+in+human+plasma+as+a+potential+biomarker+for+Parkinson's+disease.">Detection of oligomeric forms of alpha-synuclein protein in human plasma as a potential biomarker for Parkinson's disease.</a> Faseb J. 20, 419-425 (2006).</li><li>Lee, H. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assays+for+alpha-synuclein+with+species+and+multimeric+state+specificities.">Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for alpha-synuclein with species and multimeric state specificities.</a> J Neruosci Meth. 199, 249-257 (2011).</li><li>Unterberger, U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+disease-associated+alpha-synuclein+in+the+cerebrospinal+fluid:+a+feasibility+study.">Detection of disease-associated alpha-synuclein in the cerebrospinal fluid: a feasibility study.</a> Clin Neuropathol. 33, 329-334 (2014).</li><li>Betemps, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alpha-synuclein+spreading+in+M83+mice+brain+revealed+by+detection+of+pathological+alpha-synuclein+by+enhanced+ELISA.">Alpha-synuclein spreading in M83 mice brain revealed by detection of pathological alpha-synuclein by enhanced ELISA.</a> Acta Neuropathol. (Berl). 2, 29 (2014).</li><li>Osman, A. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+monoclonal+antibody+that+recognizes+a+potential+coeliac-toxic+repetitive+pentapeptide+epitope+in+gliadins).">A monoclonal antibody that recognizes a potential coeliac-toxic repetitive pentapeptide epitope in gliadins).</a> Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 13, 1189-1193 (2001).</li><li>Pinheiro, J. C., Bates, D. M., Chambers, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ch.+5.">Ch. 5.</a> Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-PLUS. 5, 206-225 (2000).</li><li>Mougenot, A. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Production+of+a+monoclonal+antibody,+against+human+alpha-synuclein,+in+a+subpopulation+of+C57BL/6J+mice,+presenting+a+deletion+of+the+alpha-synuclein+locus.">Production of a monoclonal antibody, against human alpha-synuclein, in a subpopulation of C57BL/6J mice, presenting a deletion of the alpha-synuclein locus.</a> J Neruosci Meth. 192, 268-276 (2010).</li><li>Specht, C. G., Schoepfer, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deletion+of+the+alpha-synuclein+locus+in+a+subpopulation+of+C57BL/6J+inbred+mice.">Deletion of the alpha-synuclein locus in a subpopulation of C57BL/6J inbred mice.</a> BMC Neurosci. 2, 11 (2001).</li><li>Lee, B. R., Matsuo, Y., Cashikar, A. G., Kamitani, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+Ser129+phosphorylation+of+alpha-synuclein+in+melanoma+cells.">Role of Ser129 phosphorylation of alpha-synuclein in melanoma cells.</a> J Cell Sci. 126, 696-704 (2013).</li><li>Perrin, R. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epitope+mapping+and+specificity+of+the+anti-alpha-synuclein+monoclonal+antibody+Syn-1+in+mouse+brain+and+cultured+cell+lines.">Epitope mapping and specificity of the anti-alpha-synuclein monoclonal antibody Syn-1 in mouse brain and cultured cell lines.</a> Neurosci Lett. 349, 133-135 (2003).</li><li>Emmanouilidou, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+alpha-synuclein+secretion+in+mouse+and+human+brain+parenchyma.">Assessment of alpha-synuclein secretion in mouse and human brain parenchyma.</a> PLoS One. 6, e22225 (2011).</li><li>Mougenot, A. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transmission+of+prion+strains+in+a+transgenic+mouse+models+overexpressing+human+A53T+mutated+alpha-synuclein.">Transmission of prion strains in a transgenic mouse models overexpressing human A53T mutated alpha-synuclein.</a> J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 70, 377-385 (2011).</li><li>Foulds, P. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+longitudinal+study+on+alpha-synuclein+in+blood+plasma+as+a+biomarker+for+Parkinson's+disease.">A longitudinal study on alpha-synuclein in blood plasma as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease.</a> Sci Rep. 3, 2540 (2013).</li></ol>

The use of an ELISA was demonstrated to specifically detect &#945;SD directly from mouse brain homogenates during the disease in the M83 transgenic mouse model. Indeed, this ELISA could readily distinguish sick M83 mice from healthy M83 mice using only whole brain homogenates in High Salt buffer.
The most critical steps for successful results using this ELISA are: correctly dissecting the different regions of the mouse brains by developing the necessary manual dexterity to prevent d...

Most current methods for detecting disease-associated &#945;-synuclein (&#945;SD) in experimental models of Parkinson's disease (PD), such as immunohistochemistry or Western blot, are time-consuming and not quantitative. This neurodegenerative disease is characterized by alpha-synuclein aggregation mainly in the form of inclusions containing an aggregated form of the normally soluble presynaptic protein &#945;S1,2 (Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites). Normally only marginally phosphorylated, &#945;S is hyperphosphorylated at its serine 129 residue in these inclusions3 and can be monitored by antibodies specifically directed against Ser129 phosphorylated &#945;S, thus providing a reliable marker of the pathology. 
Recent research suggests that a &#8220;prion-like&#8221; mechanism could be involved in the propagation of &#945;S aggregation within the nervous system of an affected patient4,5. These studies reported the acceleration of a synucleinopathy by inoculating brain extracts containing &#945;SD into a transgenic mouse model (M83) expressing an A53T mutated human &#945;S protein associated with a severe motor impairment occurring as the mice age6. In the same manner, intra-cerebral inoculation of aggregated recombinant &#945;S in the same M83 mouse model confirmed the acceleration of aggregation5. The induction of deposits of phosphorylated &#945;S has also been reported after inoculation of C57Bl/6 wild-type mice with either fibrillar recombinant &#945;S or brain extracts from human DLB patients7,8. Sacino et al.9 recently pointed out that after injection of fibrillar human &#945;S, a widespread and progressive cerebral &#945;S inclusion formation could be induced in M83 mice, but not in E46K transgenic mice or non-transgenic mice in which induced &#945;S inclusions were transient, and mainly restricted to the site of injection. Recent studies on monkeys confirmed propagation of &#945;S aggregates after inoculation of PD-derived extracts in species closer to humans10.
The link between &#945;S alterations and Parkinson&#8217;s disease suggest that &#945;SD is a potential biomarker for Parkinson&#8217;s disease11. A recent study showed the detection of oligomeric soluble aggregates of &#945;-synuclein in human cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) and plasma as a potential biomarker for Parkinson&#8217;s disease based on a conventional sandwich system ELISA using the same antibody to capture and detect &#945;S12. Based on the same method, multimeric proteins were recognized in biological samples, including the brain, because there are multiple copies of epitopes present in the assembled forms13. Very recently, pathological &#945;S in the CSF of patients with a proven Lewy body pathology was detected using both an ELISA kit with a highly specific antibody against &#945;SD (5G4) and an immunoprecipitation assay14. These methods could differentiate patients with PD/DLB from other types of dementia.
The &#8220;prion-like&#8221; propagation of &#945;S aggregation was further studied in transgenic mouse model M83 using an ELISA approach that was designed to specifically identify &#945;SD15. In this study, we report the detailed ELISA protocol used to quantitatively detect &#945;SD in sick mice (whether or not inoculated with &#945;SD from sick M83 mice) and more especially in the brain regions specifically targeted by the pathological process in this M83 transgenic mouse model4.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<colgroup>
		<col span="2" />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>LB509&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>&#160;ab27766</td>
			<td>Detection antibody 1/2000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AS11</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Produced at Anses</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Detection antibody 1/1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4D6&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Abcam&#160;</td>
			<td>ab1903</td>
			<td>Detection antibody 1/2000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PSer129&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Abcam&#160;</td>
			<td>&#160;ab59264</td>
			<td>Detection antibody 1/3000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PSer129&#160;EP1536Y</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Abcam&#160;</td>
			<td>ab51253</td>
			<td>Detection antibody 1/1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>syn514&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Abcam&#160;</td>
			<td>&#160;ab24717</td>
			<td>Detection antibody 1/500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>clone 42</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>BD Biosciences&#160;</td>
			<td>610787</td>
			<td>Coating and detection antibody (1/2000)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>8A5&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Provided by Dr. Anderson</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Detection antibody 1/2000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>polyclonal anti-&#945;syn antibody</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>&#160;AB5038P</td>
			<td>Coating&#160; antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse&#160; IgG HRP conjugate</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Southern Biotech</td>
			<td>1010-05</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;Anti-rabbit IgG HRP conjugate</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Southern Biotech</td>
			<td>4010-05</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-mouse&#160; IgG HRP conjugate</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dianova</td>
			<td>115-035-164</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td rowspan="4">HS buffer</td>
			<td>Tris-HCl 50 mM&#160;</td>
			<td>Euromedex</td>
			<td>26-128-3094-B</td>
			<td rowspan="4">Adjust at pH 7.5 and keep at 4&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl 750 mM&#160;</td>
			<td>Euromedex</td>
			<td>1112-A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EDTA 5 mM&#160;</td>
			<td>Euromedex</td>
			<td>EU0007-B</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DTT 1 mM&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>43815</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td rowspan="4">PBS</td>
			<td>Na2HPO4 1 mM</td>
			<td>Euromedex</td>
			<td>1309</td>
			<td rowspan="4">Adjust at pH 7.5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KH2PO4 1,5 mM</td>
			<td>Euromedex</td>
			<td>2018</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl&#160; 137 mM</td>
			<td>Euromedex</td>
			<td>1112-A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KCl 2,7 mM</td>
			<td>Euromedex</td>
			<td>P017</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween 20&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Euromedex</td>
			<td>2001-C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BSA&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A7906</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DTT 1 mM</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>43815</td>
			<td>stock solution 100 mM, toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1% phosphatase cocktail</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Pierce</td>
			<td>78428</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1% protease inhibitor cocktail</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>04&#160;693&#160;132&#160;001</td>
			<td>50 X concentrated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microplate MaxiSorpTM</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>442404</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td rowspan="2">Tampon carbonate 50 mM pH 9.6&#160;</td>
			<td>&#160;Na2CO3, 10H2O&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>71360</td>
			<td>2.86 g/L</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;NaHCO3&#160;</td>
			<td>Merk</td>
			<td>6329</td>
			<td>3.36 g/L, pH9.6</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Superblock T20 PBS blocking buffer&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Pierce</td>
			<td>E6423H</td>
			<td>10 X concentrated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TMB&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T0440</td>
			<td>Used for ELISA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TMB&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Analytik Jena AG</td>
			<td>847-0104200302</td>
			<td>Used for epitope mapping</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HCl 1N&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Chimie plus</td>
			<td>40030</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ribolyser</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Thermo</td>
			<td>Fast prep FP120</td>
			<td>keep on ice at this step</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Grinding tubes</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Biorad</td>
			<td>355-1197</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plate washer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Tecan</td>
			<td>Columbus Pro</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plate reader</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Biorad</td>
			<td>Model 680</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Low power magnifier&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>630-1062</td>
			<td>X8 magnification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps Dumont#7</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>WPI</td>
			<td>14097</td>
			<td>For dissection steps</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transfer pipette 1ml Samso</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Samso</td>
			<td>043231</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1,5 ml tubes</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dutscher</td>
			<td>033290</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

detection of disease-associated &#945;-synuclein by enhanced elisa in the brain of transgenic mice overexpressing human a53t mutated &#945;-synuclein

In addition to established methods like Western blot, new methods are needed to quickly and easily quantify disease-associated &#945;-synuclein (&#945;SD) in experimental models of synucleopathies. A transgenic mouse line (M83) over-expressing the human A53T &#945;S and spontaneously developing a dramatic clinical phenotype between eight and 22 months of age, characterized by symptoms including weight loss, prostration, and severe motor impairment, was used in this study. For molecular analyses of &#945;SD (disease-associated &#945;S) in these mice, an ELISA was designed to specifically quantify &#945;SD in sick mice. Analysis of the central nervous system in this mouse model showed the presence of &#945;SD mainly in the caudal brain regions and the spinal cord. There were no differences in &#945;SD distribution between different experimental conditions leading to clinical disease, i.e., in uninoculated and normally aging transgenic mice and in mice inoculated with brain extracts from sick mice. The specific detection of &#945;SD immunoreactivity using an antibody against Ser129 phosphorylated &#945;S by ELISA essentially correlated with that obtained by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Unexpectedly, similar results were observed with several other antibodies against the C-terminal part of &#945;S. The propagation of &#945;SD, suggesting the involvement of a &#8220;prion-like&#8221; mechanism, can thus be easily monitored and quantified in this mouse model using an ELISA approach.

In this study, the ELISAs used specifically identified disease-associated &#945;S (&#945;SD) in brain homogenates prepared in a High Salt buffer from sick M83 mice. Using an antibody specifically recognizing pSer129 &#945;S (p = 0.0074), the ELISA readily distinguishes old, sick mice (&#62; 8 months old) from young (2-5 months old), healthy M83 mice (Figure 1). Several other antibodies showed similarly high signals (&#62; 0.6 OD) only in brain homogenates from sick mice. This is the case for 4...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Detection of Disease-associated Î±-synuclein by Enhanced ELISA in the Brain of Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Human A53T Mutated Î±-synuclein at JoVE.com

Detection of Disease-associated &#945;-synuclein by Enhanced ELISA in the Brain of Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Human A53T Mutated &#945;-synuclein

An ELISA offering a novel quantitative approach is described. It specifically detects disease-associated &#945;-synuclein (&#945;SD) in a transgenic mouse model (M83) of synucleinopathy using several antibodies against either the Ser129 phosphorylated &#945;S form or the C-terminal part of the protein.

In addition to established methods like Western blot, new methods are needed to quickly and easily quantify disease-associated &#945;-synuclein (&#945;SD) ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

The Use of Primary Human Fibroblasts for Monitoring Mitochondrial Phenotypes in the Field of Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most  common movement disorder and affects 1% of people over the age of 60 1. Because ageing is  the most important ...

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice:  A Model for Immunotherapy Development

A preclinical model of invasive bladder cancer was developed in human mucin 1 (MUC1) transgenic (MUC1.Tg) mice for the purpose of evaluating immunotherapy ...

Excitotoxic Stimulation of Brain Microslices as an In vitro Model of Stroke

Excitotoxic Stimulation of Brain Microslices as an In vitro Model of Stroke

Examining molecular mechanisms involved in neuropathological conditions, such as ischemic stroke, can be difficult when using whole animal systems. As ...

Image-guided Convection-enhanced Delivery into Agarose Gel Models of the Brain

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) has been proposed as a treatment option for a wide range of neurological diseases. Neuroinfusion catheter CED allows ...

Acute Brain Trauma in Mice Followed By Longitudinal Two-photon Imaging

Although acute brain trauma often results from head damage in different accidents and affects a substantial fraction of the population, there is no ...

Minimal Invasive Surgical Procedure of Inducing Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Myocardial infarction still remains the main cause of death in western countries, despite considerable progress in the stent development area in the last ...

Induction of Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Mice: The "Wire-Injury" Model

Atherosclerosis is a proliferative fibro-inflammatory disease developing in the arterial wall, inducing a deficient blood flow or a lack of blood flow. ...

In Vitro and In Vivo Detection of Mitophagy in Human Cells, C. Elegans, and Mice

In Vitro and In Vivo Detection of Mitophagy in Human Cells, C. Elegans, and Mice

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of cells and produce cellular energy in the form of ATP. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to biological aging and a ...

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT

Obesity represents the most important single risk factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, a disease which is characterized by a resistance to ...