Name: high throughput measurement of extracellular dna release and quantitative net formation in human neutrophils in vitro
Uploaded: 2016-06-18T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High Throughput Measurement of Extracellular DNA Release and Quantitative NET Formation in Human Neutrophils In Vitro at JoVE.com

Special thanks to the personnel of the University of Georgia Health Center laboratory for their continuous support of our work on isolating human neutrophils. This work was supported by the start-up fund of Dr. Rada provided by UGA Office of Vice President for Research.

佐治亚大学的机构审查委员会批准的人类主体研究，以收集来自健康志愿者（UGA＃2012-10769-06）外周血。5,7,8志愿者签署抽血前所需的知情同意书。在这篇文章中进行的研究符合涉及赫尔辛基宣言人体医学研究的伦理准则。 1.人外周血中性粒细胞的分离（图1） 注意：有几种方法分离自外周血的中性粒细胞。以下方案提供了一种可能性。该协议产生大量能够对外界刺激释放教师的?...

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	<li>Brinkmann, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neutrophil+extracellular+traps+kill+bacteria.">Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria.</a> Science. 303, 1532-1535 (2004).</li><li>Fuchs, T. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+cell+death+program+leads+to+neutrophil+extracellular+traps.">Novel cell death program leads to neutrophil extracellular traps.</a> J Cell Biol. 176, 231-241 (2007).</li><li>Kessenbrock, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Netting+neutrophils+in+autoimmune+small-vessel+vasculitis.">Netting neutrophils in autoimmune small-vessel vasculitis.</a> Nat Med. 15, 623-625 (2009).</li><li>Leffler, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Degradation+of+neutrophil+extracellular+traps+co-varies+with+disease+activity+in+patients+with+systemic+lupus+erythematosus.">Degradation of neutrophil extracellular traps co-varies with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.</a> Arthritis Res Ther. 15, R34 (2013).</li><li>Yoo, D. G., Floyd, M., Winn, M., Moskowitz, S. M., Rada, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NET+formation+induced+by+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+cystic+fibrosis+isolates+measured+as+release+of+myeloperoxidase-DNA+and+neutrophil+elastase-DNA+complexes.">NET formation induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic fibrosis isolates measured as release of myeloperoxidase-DNA and neutrophil elastase-DNA complexes.</a> Immunol Lett. 160, 186-194 (2014).</li><li>Wang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histone+hypercitrullination+mediates+chromatin+decondensation+and+neutrophil+extracellular+trap+formation.">Histone hypercitrullination mediates chromatin decondensation and neutrophil extracellular trap formation.</a> J Cell Biol. 184, 205-213 (2009).</li><li>Pang, L., Hayes, C. P., Buac, K., Yoo, D. G., Rada, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pseudogout-associated+inflammatory+calcium+pyrophosphate+dihydrate+microcrystals+induce+formation+of+neutrophil+extracellular+traps.">Pseudogout-associated inflammatory calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate microcrystals induce formation of neutrophil extracellular traps.</a> J Immunol. 190, 6488-6500 (2013).</li><li>Yoo, D. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Release+of+cystic+fibrosis+airway+inflammatory+markers+from+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa-stimulated+human+neutrophils+involves+NADPH+oxidase-dependent+extracellular+DNA+trap+formation.">Release of cystic fibrosis airway inflammatory markers from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-stimulated human neutrophils involves NADPH oxidase-dependent extracellular DNA trap formation.</a> J. Immunol. 192, 4728-4738 (2014).</li><li>Brinkmann, V., Laube, B., Abu Abed, ., Goosmann, U., Zychlinsky, C., A, <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neutrophil+extracellular+traps,+how+to+generate+and+visualize+them.">Neutrophil extracellular traps, how to generate and visualize them.</a> J. Vis. Exp. , (2010).</li><li>Rada, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pyocyanin-enhanced+neutrophil+extracellular+trap+formation+requires+the+NADPH+oxidase.">Pyocyanin-enhanced neutrophil extracellular trap formation requires the NADPH oxidase.</a> PLoS One. 8, e54205 (2013).</li><li>Neumann, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+antimicrobial+peptide+LL-37+facilitates+the+formation+of+neutrophil+extracellular+traps.">The antimicrobial peptide LL-37 facilitates the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps.</a> Biochem J. 464, 3-11 (2014).</li><li>Leon, S. A., Shapiro, B., Sklaroff, D. M., Yaros, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Free+DNA+in+the+serum+of+cancer+patients+and+the+effect+of+therapy.">Free DNA in the serum of cancer patients and the effect of therapy.</a> Cancer Res. 37, 646-650 (1977).</li><li>Raptis, L., Menard, H. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitation+and+characterization+of+plasma+DNA+in+normals+and+patients+with+systemic+lupus+erythematosus.">Quantitation and characterization of plasma DNA in normals and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.</a> J Clin Invest. 66, 1391-1399 (1980).</li><li>Chang, C. 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英语教师代表是中性粒细胞杀死病原体。1虽然教师的文学过去十年里，因为他们发现，与他们的生物学，机制和调控作用，一些重要的问题仍不清楚不断扩大在一个迷人的新机制。适当的方法已被开发来衡量英语教师，这非常独特的抗菌机理。本文介绍了可用于定量英语教师在高通量的方式方法。第一测定如下的膜不透DNA结合染料的荧光的动力学。此法提供了大量的斜坡上，距离中性粒?...

NET formation is a novel mechanism by which neutrophils fight pathogens.1 The core of NETs is nuclear DNA.1 This DNA network is associated with neutrophil granule proteins and histones.1 The main form of NET formation requires the death of neutrophils characterized by chromatin decondensation, disappearance of granular and nuclear membranes, translocation of neutrophils elastase to the nucleus, citrullination of histones and finally the spill of DNA-based NETs.2 NETs entrap and kill a wide variety of microbes and are an essential part of the innate immune weapon repertoire. Uncontrolled NET formation has, however, been linked to numerous autoinflammatory diseases.3,4 Despite their increasingly established relevance, little is known about the mechanism and regulation of NET release. 
Neutrophils dying by releasing NETs are different from apoptotic or necrotic neutrophils.3,5 NET-releasing neutrophils show several features that are characteristic for NET formation. Granule components are associated with DNA in NETs.1 Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and human neutrophil elastase (HNE) are both found in primary granules in resting cells but are translocated to the nucleus to bind to DNA in NETs.1 MPO-DNA and HNE-DNA complexes are specific for NETs, do not occur in apoptotic or necrotic neutrophils.1,3,5 Chromatin decondensation is another feature typical for NETosis.2 NET release also requires citrullination of histones by peptidyl aminidase 4 (PAD4).6 Citrullinated histones are hallmarks of neutrophils that underwent NET release.6
Here three methods are introduced that in combination provide excellent tools to quantitate NETs on a high-throughput scale. The first assay has been used on the field with different changes and quantitates extracellular DNA release in a microplate format. The second and third assays provide confirmation of NETs by measuring NET-specific MPO-DNA and HNE-DNA complexes.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Human Neutrophil Elastase&#160; Rabbit Ab&#160;</td>
			<td>Calbiochem</td>
			<td>481001</td>
			<td>1:2000X coated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Myeloperoxidase Ab (Rabbit)</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>07-496</td>
			<td>1:2000X coated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNase-1</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>10-104-159-001</td>
			<td>1ug/ml used for digestion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20mM EGTA/ PBS</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E3889-25G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2.5 mM EGTA/PBS</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E3889-25G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell death detection ELISA Anti-DNA POD</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>11544675001</td>
			<td>1:500X&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eon Microplate Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Biotek</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gen5 All-in-One microplate software</td>
			<td>Biotek</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>analytical tool (ELISA)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sytox orange</td>
			<td>Life Technology</td>
			<td>S11368</td>
			<td>0.2% final concentration/volume</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 M Hepes</td>
			<td>Cellgro</td>
			<td>25-060-Cl</td>
			<td>Use 10 mM final concentration.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 M glucose</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Use 5 mM final concentration.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HBSS</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>21-023-CM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Varioskan Flash Ver.2.4.3</td>
			<td>Thermoscientific</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PMA</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P 8139</td>
			<td>100nM final used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ELISA Plate</td>
			<td>Greiner bio-one</td>
			<td>655061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Conical tubes 15ml</td>
			<td>Thermoscientific</td>
			<td>339650</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Conical tubes 50ml</td>
			<td>Thermoscientific</td>
			<td>339652</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Percoll (pH 8.5-9.5)&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P 1644</td>
			<td>Sodium Chloride, Sigma, S7653-250G</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dextran</td>
			<td>Spectrum</td>
			<td>D1004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI 1640 media</td>
			<td>Corning Cellgro</td>
			<td>17-105-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96 well assay plate black plate clear bottom</td>
			<td>Costar</td>
			<td>3603</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

high throughput measurement of extracellular dna release and quantitative net formation in human neutrophils in vitro

Neutrophil granulocytes are the most abundant leukocytes in the human blood. Neutrophils are the first to arrive at the site of infection. Neutrophils developed several antimicrobial mechanisms including phagocytosis, degranulation and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs consist of a DNA scaffold decorated with histones and several granule markers including myeloperoxidase (MPO) and human neutrophil elastase (HNE). NET release is an active process involving characteristic morphological changes of neutrophils leading to expulsion of their DNA into the extracellular space. NETs are essential to fight microbes, but uncontrolled release of NETs has been associated with several disorders. To learn more about the clinical relevance and the mechanism of NET formation, there is a need to have reliable tools capable of NET quantitation. 
Here three methods are presented that can assess NET release from human neutrophils in vitro. The first one is a high throughput assay to measure extracellular DNA release from human neutrophils using a membrane impermeable DNA-binding dye. In addition, two other methods are described capable of quantitating NET formation by measuring levels of NET-specific MPO-DNA and HNE-DNA complexes. These microplate-based methods in combination provide great tools to efficiently study the mechanism and regulation of NET formation of human neutrophils.

在这个手稿附图描述嗜中性粒细胞分离，实验程序和数据分析的解释本代表性结果的方法。 图1示出人中性粒细胞的制备的顺序步骤。该协议仅表示嗜中性粒细胞分离的可能的方式。它会产生大量的休息能够刺激后释放的外籍英语教师的中性粒细胞。 图2显示了基于荧光的DNA释放试验是如何工作的。使用DNA释放的荧光酶标仪动力学在人嗜中性粒细?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High Throughput Measurement of Extracellular DNA Release and Quantitative NET Formation in Human Neutrophils In Vitro at JoVE.com

High Throughput Measurement of Extracellular DNA Release and Quantitative NET Formation in Human Neutrophils In Vitro

High throughput assays are presented that in combination provide excellent tools to quantitate NET release from human neutrophils.

胞外DNA释放的高通量测量和人中性粒定量NET形成<em&gt;体外</em

Neutrophil granulocytes are the most abundant leukocytes in the human blood. Neutrophils are the first to arrive at the site of infection. Neutrophils ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

High Throughput Measurement of Extracellular DNA Release and Quantitative NET Formation in Human Neutrophils In Vitro

Direct Observation of Phagocytosis and NET-formation by Neutrophils in Infected Lungs using 2-photon Microscopy

使用双光子显微镜在受感染的肺部的嗜中性粒细胞吞噬和NET形成的直接观察

After the gastrointestinal tract, the lung is the second largest surface for interaction between the vertebrate body and the 
environment. Here, an ...

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Quantitative High-throughput Single-cell Cytotoxicity Assay For T Cells

定量高通量单细胞的细胞毒性T细胞的测定

Cancer immunotherapy can harness the specificity of  immune response to target and eliminate tumors. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT)  based on the adoptive ...

Establishment of an In vitro System to Study Intracellular Behavior of Candida glabrata in Human THP-1 Macrophages

Establishment of an In vitro System to Study Intracellular Behavior of Candida glabrata in Human THP-1 Macrophages

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A cell culture model system, if a close mimic of host environmental conditions, can serve as an inexpensive, reproducible and easily manipulatable ...

Quantitative In vitro Assay to Measure Neutrophil Adhesion to Activated Primary Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells under Static Conditions

Quantitative In vitro Assay to Measure Neutrophil Adhesion to Activated Primary Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells under Static Conditions

量<em在体外</em&gt;激活的主人微血管内皮细胞在静态条件下测量的检测，以中性粒细胞粘附

The vascular  endothelium plays an integral part in the inflammatory response. During the  acute phase of inflammation, endothelial cells (ECs) are ...

Methods to Study Lipid Alterations in Neutrophils and the Subsequent Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

方法来研究中性粒细胞脂质的改变和中性粒细胞胞外陷阱随后形成

Lipid analysis performed by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) is a relatively simple, cost-effective method of analyzing a broad range of ...

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

无细胞生化荧光酶法测定高密度脂蛋白脂质过氧化的高通量测定

Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are one of the most powerful independent negative predictors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular ...

In Vitro Canine Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation: Dynamic and Quantitative Analysis by Fluorescence Microscopy

In Vitro Canine Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation: Dynamic and Quantitative Analysis by Fluorescence Microscopy

体外犬中性粒细胞胞外陷阱的形成: 荧光显微镜动态定量分析

In response to invading pathogens, neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are extracellular networks of DNA decorated with ...

High-throughput Measurement of Plasma Membrane Resealing Efficiency in Mammalian Cells

哺乳动物细胞血浆膜检测效率的高通量测量

In their physiological environment, mammalian cells are often subjected to mechanical and biochemical stresses that result in plasma membrane damage. In ...

A High-throughput Assay to Assess and Quantify Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation

一种评估和定量中性粒细胞外细胞陷阱形成的高通量检测

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are immunogenic extracellular DNA structures that can be released by neutrophils upon a wide variety of triggers. ...

In Vitro Stimulation and Visualization of Extracellular Trap Release in Differentiated Human Monocyte-derived Macrophages

分化人类单细胞衍生巨噬细胞中细胞外陷阱释放的体外刺激与可视化

The release of extracellular traps (ETs) by neutrophils has been identified as a contributing factor to the development of diseases related to chronic ...