Funding for this work was provided by: AG007218 and NIH F32 AG031606.
Images were generated in the Core Optical Imaging Facility, which is supported by UTHSCSA, NIH-NCI P30 CA54174 (CTRC at UTHSCSA) and NIH-NIA P01AG19316.

Nota: Todos los animales procedimientos fueron aprobados por el Comité de Cuidado y Uso de Animales Institucional de la Universidad de Texas Health Science Center en San Antonio y fueron consistentes con los lineamientos llegar. 1. La anestesia para la Preparación cortical <ol><li> Coloca el ratón en una cámara de inducción con 3.2% isofluorano mezclado con oxígeno para inducir anestesia. Observe la disminución de la tasa de respiración como el ratón se induce. Apriete la pata del...

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Rinsho shinkeigaku.</a> Clinical Neurology. 50, 455-460 (2010).</li><li>Tiannan Wang, W. C., Xie, Y., Zhang, W., Ding, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlling+the+Volume+of+the+Focal+Cerebral+Ischemic+Lesion+through+Photothrombosis.">Controlling the Volume of the Focal Cerebral Ischemic Lesion through Photothrombosis.</a> American Journal of Biomedical Sciences. 2, 33-42 (2009).</li><li>Head, B. P., Patel, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anesthetics+and+brain+protection.">Anesthetics and brain protection.</a> Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology. 20, 395-399 (2007).</li><li>Kirsch, J. R., Traystman, R. J., Hurn, P. 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La capacidad de traducir experimental ictus fisiopatología de animal a la aplicación humana ha estado plagado de fracaso. Sin embargo, el uso de modelos animales, tales como el modelo photothrombosis, permite una mejor comprensión de la fisiopatología de carrera y la exploración de nuevos enfoques terapéuticos para proporcionar neuroprotección después de un accidente cerebrovascular. Accidentes cerebrovasculares y microinfartos producidos por el modelo photothrombotic corticales pequeños son clínicamente relev...

La técnica descrita permite visualizar in vivo respuestas celulares inmediatamente después de la inducción de la Rosa de Bengala photothrombosis en un ratón intacto. Rosa de Bengala (4,5,6,7-tetracloro-2 &#39;, 4&#39;, 5 &#39;, 7&#39;-tetrayodofluoresceína) es un colorante fotosensible utilizado para inducir el accidente cerebrovascular isquémico en modelos animales (ratón y rata). Después de una inyección en bolo de RB a través de la vena de la cola y la iluminación posterior a través de un cráneo adelgazado con una luz láser de 564 nm, un trombo se induce causando un derrame cerebral fisiológica 1. El método fue descrito originalmente por Rosenblum y El-Sabban en 1977, y más tarde fue adaptada por Watson a mediados de 1980 1,2. En breve, Rosa de Bengala se irradia con luz verde de excitación (láser de 561 nm en nuestro caso), que genera la producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno, que activa posteriormente factor tisular, un iniciador de la cascada de coagulación. La inducción de la cascada de coagulación produce un isquémico lesion que es patológicamente relevantes para accidente cerebrovascular clínico 3. Stroke tiene una fisiopatología compleja debido a la interacción de muchos tipos diferentes de células, incluyendo neuronas, glia, endotelio y el sistema inmunológico. La elección de la mejor técnica para el estudio de un proceso celular particular requiere múltiples consideraciones. Las técnicas experimentales caer en términos generales en una de tres categorías: in vitro, in vivo e in silico con cada uno con ventajas y desventajas Estudios in vitro tienen la desventaja principal de la eliminación de células de su entorno natural y por lo tanto no pueden reproducir los efectos observados en un intacta,. animal vivo. Las técnicas in vivo para la replicación proporcionar experimental mejorada de estados de enfermedad con una mayor importancia de la traducción. En silico generalmente se refiere a modelado por ordenador de una enfermedad o proceso celular, y mientras que cada vez más utilizado para estudiar las posibles interacciones farmacológicas para el examenPLE, cualquier información obtenida todavía debe ser probado en células o tejidos vivos. El modelo ideal de accidente cerebrovascular en el laboratorio debe demostrar características patológicas similares a los observados en la población humana. Si bien hay características fisiológicas comunes de accidente cerebrovascular en la población humana, también hay muchas diferencias dependiendo del tipo de lesión experimentada. Carrera en la población humana se produce como pequeñas o grandes oclusiones de los vasos, lesiones hemorrágicas, y la arteria a arteria o cardio-embolias que dan lugar a los volúmenes de infarto variadas, así como las diferencias en los mecanismos relacionados con cada patología. La ventaja de la utilización de modelos de accidente cerebrovascular animal es la generación de infartos reproducibles que imitan las características de ictus humano. Los modelos más comunes de accidente cerebrovascular animales incluyen oclusión de la arteria usando: oclusión de la arteria cerebral media (métodos de incandescencia o embólicos endovasculares) que modelos MCAO distal y el modelo photothrombosis. Las ventajas de unad desventajas de cada modelo se han revisado en otro lugar (ver 4 y 5). Los modelos globales isquémicos (MCAO), si bien es relativamente fácil de realizar son menos relevantes para acariciar humano que son modelos de accidente cerebrovascular focales. Además, estos métodos son muy variables en la inducción de lesiones infarto cerebral reproducibles. El modelo photothrombosis es altamente reproducible siempre que el experimentador controla sus experimentos bien, proporcionando una clara ventaja sobre los modelos de MCAO. Sin embargo, debido a insulto microvasculatura el modelo ha sido descrito para mostrar una penumbra isquémica mínimo, el área donde las células se cree que son rescatable 6,7. Además, edema vasogénico y la formación de edema citotóxico también pueden ser inducidas después de la irradiación de la superficie de imágenes. A pesar de estas limitaciones de la técnica ha proporcionado una nueva visión de muchos procesos fisiológicos después del accidente cerebrovascular 8, 9, 10, 11.

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rose bengal photothrombosis by confocal optical imaging in vivo: a model of single vessel stroke

In vivo imaging techniques have increased in utilization due to recent advances in imaging dyes and optical technologies, allowing for the ability to image cellular events in an intact animal. Additionally, the ability to induce physiological disease states such as stroke in vivo increases its utility. The technique described herein allows for physiological assessment of cellular responses within the CNS following a stroke and can be adapted for other pathological conditions being studied. The technique presented uses laser excitation of the photosensitive dye Rose Bengal in vivo to induce a focal ischemic event in a single blood vessel. 
The video protocol demonstrates the preparation of a thin-skulled cranial window over the somatosensory cortex in a mouse for the induction of a Rose Bengal photothrombotic event keeping injury to the underlying dura matter and brain at a minimum. Surgical preparation is initially performed under a dissecting microscope with a custom-made surgical/imaging platform, which is then transferred to a confocal microscope equipped with an inverted objective adaptor. Representative images acquired utilizing this protocol are presented as well as time-lapse sequences of stroke induction. This technique is powerful in that the same area can be imaged repeatedly on subsequent days facilitating longitudinal in vivo studies of pathological processes following stroke.

El objetivo de este método era para inducir un accidente cerebrovascular isquémico en modelos animales (ratón y rata) después de una inyección en bolo de RB a través de la vena de la cola y la iluminación posterior de un cráneo adelgazado con una luz láser de 561 nm. Las imágenes en la Figura 4 demuestran la progresión de la formación de coágulos dentro de un solo recipiente después de la irradiación de la zona en 0, 1, 1,5 y 2 min. Antes de la formación de coágulos de todo el recipient...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Rose Bengal Photothrombosis by Confocal Optical Imaging In Vivo:  A Model of Single Vessel Stroke at JoVE.com

Rose Bengal Photothrombosis by Confocal Optical Imaging In Vivo:  A Model of Single Vessel Stroke

Here, we describe a semi-invasive optical microscopy approach for the induction of a Rose Bengal photothrombotic clot in the somatosensory cortex of a mouse in vivo. The technical aspects of the imaging procedure are described from induction of a photothrombotic event to application and data collection.

Rosa de Bengala Photothrombosis por imagen óptica confocal<em&gt; En Vivo</em&gt;: Un modelo de solo recipiente Stroke

In vivo imaging techniques have increased in utilization due to recent advances in imaging dyes and optical technologies, allowing for the ability to ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Rose Bengal Photothrombosis by Confocal Optical Imaging In Vivo: A Model of Single Vessel Stroke

Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT

Contraste de imagen mejorada del buque utilizando MicroCT

Microscopic computed tomography (microCT) offers high-resolution volumetric imaging of the anatomy of living small animals. However, the contrast between ...

Investigación

Medicina

Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants

No invasiva de medición óptica del metabolismo cerebral en lactantes y Hemodinámica

Perinatal brain injury remains a significant cause of infant mortality  and morbidity, but there is not yet an effective bedside tool that can  accurately ...

An in vivo Assay to Test Blood Vessel Permeability

An in vivo Assay to Test Blood Vessel Permeability

Un<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; Ensayo de prueba de permeabilidad Vasos Sanguíneos

This method is based on the intravenous injection of Evans Blue in mice as the test animal model. Evans blue is a dye that binds albumin. Under ...

In vivo Imaging of Tumor Angiogenesis using Fluorescence Confocal Videomicroscopy

In vivo Imaging of Tumor Angiogenesis using Fluorescence Confocal Videomicroscopy

Imágenes in vivo de la angiogénesis tumoral usando fluorescencia confocal videomicroscopia

Fibered confocal fluorescence in vivo imaging with a fiber optic bundle uses the same principle as fluorescent confocal microscopy. It can excite ...

A Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Un modelo murino de hemorragia subaracnoidea

In this video publication a standardized mouse model of subarachnoid  hemorrhage (SAH) is presented. Bleeding is induced by endovascular Circle of  Willis ...

In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Tumors and Arthritis Using Fluorescent SapC-DOPS Nanovesicles

In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Tumors and Arthritis Using Fluorescent SapC-DOPS Nanovesicles

En vivo de imágenes óptico de tumores del cerebro y la artritis Usando fluorescente SAPC-DOPS nanovesículas

We describe a multi-angle rotational optical imaging (MAROI) system for in vivo monitoring of physiopathological processes labeled with a fluorescent ...

Excitotoxic Stimulation of Brain Microslices as an In vitro Model of Stroke

Excitotoxic Stimulation of Brain Microslices as an In vitro Model of Stroke

Excitotóxica Estimulación del cerebro Microslices como<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; Modelo de Carrera

Examining molecular mechanisms involved in neuropathological conditions, such as ischemic stroke, can be difficult when using whole animal systems. As ...

Combined In vivo Optical and &#181;CT Imaging to Monitor Infection, Inflammation, and Bone Anatomy in an Orthopaedic Implant Infection in Mice

Combined In vivo Optical and Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ÂµCT Imaging to Monitor Infection, Inflammation, and Bone Anatomy in an Orthopaedic Implant Infection in Mice

Combinado<em&gt; En vivo</em&gt; Óptica y μCT imágenes para vigilar la infección, inflamación y Hueso anatomía en una infección de implantes ortopédicos en ratones

Multimodality imaging has emerged as a common technological approach used in both preclinical and clinical research. Advanced techniques that combine in ...

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

Inducida por la quimioterapia Vascular Toxicidad - En tiempo real<em&gt; En vivo</em&gt; Imagen de Deterioro del buque

Certain classes of chemotherapies may exert acute vascular changes that may progress into long-term conditions that may predispose the patient to an ...

Photothrombosis-induced Focal Ischemia as a Model of Spinal Cord Injury in Mice

Photothrombosis inducida por isquemia focal como un modelo de lesión de médula espinal en ratones

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating clinical condition causing permanent changes in sensorimotor and autonomic functions of the spinal cord (SC) ...