Name: athymic rat model for evaluation of engineered anterior cruciate ligament grafts
Uploaded: 2015-03-26T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Athymic Rat Model for Evaluation of Engineered Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts at JoVE.com

De auteurs willen graag Gabriel Arom en Michael Yeranosian bedanken voor hun technische bijdragen tot eerdere iteraties van dit project. Dit project werd gefinancierd door de open-ended vastgoedfondsen clinicus Scientist Training Grant (NL), HH Lee Surgical Research Grant (NL), Veterans Administration BLR &amp; D Merit Beoordeling 1 I01 BX00012601 (DM) en spier Transplantatie Stichting Young Investigator Award (FP).

OPMERKING: Alle dieren operaties werden goedgekeurd door de plaatselijke veterinaire personeel en dierlijk gebruik commissie voor aanvang van de experimenten. 1. Voorbereiding van elektrogesponnen Polycaprolacton Steigers <ol><li> Weeg en los medische kwaliteit ester eindigend poly (ε-caprolacton) in korrelvorm in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluor-2-propanol tot 10% maken w / w oplossing van het PCL polymeer. Laat de oplossing roer met een roerplaat minstens 3 uur om een ​​homogene oplossing te v...

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ACL verwondingen zijn een veel voorkomende aandoening in de orthopedische chirurgie sport, met beperkte mogelijkheden voor de wederopbouw in de huidige tijd. Om een geschikte tissue-engineered substituut voor de ACL dat regeneratie in vivo zal toestaan ​​te ontwikkelen, is een geschikte diermodel vereist. In deze studie wordt de fabricage van een biologisch afbreekbare engineered graft beschreven, zoals de in vivo implantatie met behulp van een reproduceerbaar model van ACL reconstructie in een ath...

Breuk van de voorste kruisband (ACL) is een van de meest voorkomende bandletsels van de knie 1. Omdat de gescheurde ACL&#39;s niet in staat is om te genezen zonder chirurgische ingreep, de beperkingen in activiteiten van het dagelijks leven, evenals de deelname aan sport te rijden dan 175.000 patiënten een operatie ondergaan elk jaar 2, met een geschatte kosten van een miljard dollar per jaar 3. Momenteel wordt hetzij autograft of allograft pees voor ligament reconstructie. Hoewel hoge slagingspercentages kan worden bereikt met zowel autograft en allotransplantaat vervanging, zijn ernstige complicaties in verband met deze reconstructie opties 4. Autograft weefsel wordt geassocieerd met donorplaats morbiditeit en is beperkt in het aanbod, met name in gevallen van re-ruptuur of multi-ligamentaire letsel. Anderzijds wordt allograft weefsel verbonden met vertraagde graft integratie nadelige ontstekingsreactie theoretische infectueuze risico en beperkt Supply 5. Synthetische niet afbreekbare implantaten werden ontwikkeld in de jaren 1970 en 1980, maar werden gehinderd door premature graft breuk, reacties van het lichaam, osteolyse en synovitis 6. Als gevolg van deze ernstige problemen, er zijn geen synthetische grafts beschikbaar voor klinisch gebruik in de Verenigde Staten. Vanwege deze beperkingen met bestaande graft opties en recente ontwikkelingen in de biologie, techniek, en regeneratieve geneeskunde, is er grote belangstelling voor een tissue engineered oplossing voor ACL enten. Huidige tissue engineering strategieën hanteren afbreekbare biologische en synthetische materialen toe te staan ​​voor host ingroei van weefsel, terwijl het vermijden van de beperkingen in verband met permanente synthetisch materiaal implantatie 7. Polycaprolacton (PCL) is een biologisch afbreekbaar polymeer dat FDA voor een aantal medische toepassingen, zoals antiverklevingssysteem en wondverband 8, dat u beensed in een grote verscheidenheid van toepassingen omvattende vasculaire, bot, kraakbeen, zenuwen, huid, en slokdarmkanker tissue engineering 5,9-16. Gunstige biocompatibiliteit, relatief lange in vivo halfwaardetijd, voldoende mechanische sterkte en hoge elasticiteit bijdragen aan de populariteit van dit polymeer in tissue engineering. In een knaagdier model van wondgenezing, geïmplanteerd electrospun PCL weergegeven niet immunogeen te zijn en te integreren in de lokale weefsel, zonder bijwerkingen 13. Een SEM afbeelding van electrospun PCL is weergegeven in figuur 1. Met de huidige FDA wettelijke normen, werkzaamheid en veiligheid bij zowel kleine als grote diermodellen nodig zou zijn voor een PCL of andere gemanipuleerde ACL graft te bewegen in klinische studies in de Verenigde Staten. Bovendien kunnen in vivo omstandigheden vaak vergroten de eigenschappen van een in vitro tissue engineered ACL graft. Een rat model van autologe ACL reconstructie met flexor digitorum longus pees eerder is beschreven, waarbij de inheemse ACL werd doorgesneden, femorale en tibiale tunnels werden geboord, en de graft werd doorgegeven en vastgezet op zijn plaats met hechtdraad 17-22. In dit artikel zullen we een wijziging van dit model te beschrijven voor de evaluatie van gemanipuleerde ACL vervangingen in plaats van voor-autograft gebaseerde reconstructie (figuur 2). Hoewel vele diermodellen aanwezig voor ligament tissue engineering, de rat voordelig in vergelijking met grotere modellen voor een aantal redenen. Deze voordelen zijn oa makkelijker veeteelt en behandeling, minder ethische overwegingen, en lagere kosten 17,23. Bovendien heeft het rattenmodel uitgebreid gebruikt als model voor orthopedische weefselregeneratie, waaronder kraakbeen, pees, en beenweefsel 24. In het bijzonder werden athymische naakt ratten gekozen vanwege hun gebrek aan celgemedieerde immuunrespons 25, waardoor de uiteindelijke implantatie of xenogene donorcellen in dit model verder te verbeteren de kunstmatige implantaat in de toekomst. In deze werkwijzen paper beschrijven we de fabricage en chirurgische implantatie van een acellulair, biologisch afbreekbaar polymeer implantaat in een athymische ratmodel van ACL reconstructie.

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:347px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:317px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:347px;">Medical grade ester terminated poly (&#949;-caprolactone), granule form (MW = 110,000)</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Lactel Absorbable Polymers</td>
			<td style="width:77px;"></td>
			<td style="width:317px;">Custom synthesized polymer to desired molecular weight</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;width:347px;">1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>105228</td>
			<td style="width:317px;">Solvent for PCL polymer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;width:347px;">18G x 1 1/2&#34;bevel needle</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">BD Medical</td>
			<td>305196</td>
			<td style="width:317px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;width:347px;">Remote Infuse/Withdraw Programmable Syringe Pump</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">702101</td>
			<td style="width:317px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;width:347px;">VersaLaser VLS2.30 Laser Engraver</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Microgeo USA</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">VLS2.30</td>
			<td style="width:317px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:347px;">Expanded Plasma Cleaner 115V</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Harrick Plasma</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">PDC-001</td>
			<td style="width:317px;">Plasma etch just prior to collagen coating for surface modification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:347px;">PureCol&#160; Collagen Standard Solution, 3 mg/ml</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Advanced Biomatrix</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">5015-A</td>
			<td style="width:317px;">Mix 8:1:2.5 solution of PureCol, 10x PBS, 0.1N NaOH 1:9 in 1x PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;width:347px;">Suture, 5-0 Vicryl</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Henry Schein</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">1086471</td>
			<td style="width:317px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Suture, 4-0 Vicryl</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Henry Schein</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">6540072</td>
			<td style="width:317px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;width:347px;">Sharp-pointed Dissecting Scissors (Straight; 4.5 inch)</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">8940</td>
			<td style="width:317px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:347px;">Buphrenorphine hydrochloride</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">B9275</td>
			<td style="width:317px;">Use 0.03 mg/kg for both intra- and post-operatively for pain control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;width:347px;">Ampicillin, injectable</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Henry Schein</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">1185678</td>
			<td style="width:317px;">Use 25 mg/kg subcutaneously during the procedure</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;width:347px;">K-wire, 1.6 mm</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Spectrum Surgical</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">SI040062</td>
			<td style="width:317px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:347px;">Keith Needle, Straight 1 1/2&#34;</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Delasco Dermatology Lab &#38; Supply</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">KE-112</td>
			<td style="width:317px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;width:347px;">Immunocal Decalcifying Solution</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>NC9491030</td>
			<td style="width:317px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:347px;">Opticryl Acrylic Resin Bone Cement (PMMA) (Monomer and polymer)</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">US Dental Depot</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">OPTICRYL 100410&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:317px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:347px;">Instron Model 5564 Tensile Testing Machine</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Instron</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">5564</td>
			<td style="width:317px;">Any comparable tensile testing apparatus is suitable</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

athymic rat model for evaluation of engineered anterior cruciate ligament grafts

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common ligamentous injury that often requires surgery because the ACL does not heal well without intervention. Current treatment strategies include ligament reconstruction with either autograft or allograft, which each have their associated limitations. Thus, there is interest in designing a tissue-engineered graft for use in ACL reconstruction. We describe the fabrication of an electrospun polymer graft for use in ACL tissue engineering. This polycaprolactone graft is biocompatible, biodegradable, porous, and is comprised of aligned fibers. Because an animal model is necessary to evaluate such a graft, this paper describes an intra-articular athymic rat model of ACL reconstruction that can be used to evaluate engineered grafts, including those seeded with xenogeneic cells. Representative histology and biomechanical testing results at 16 weeks postoperatively are presented, with grafts tested immediately post-implantation and contralateral native ACLs serving as controls. The present study provides a reproducible animal model with which to evaluate tissue engineered ACL grafts, and demonstrates the potential of a regenerative medicine approach to treatment of ACL rupture.

In onze ervaring 92 rat operaties door een enkele chirurg, gemiddelde operatieduur van incisie voltooid wond 16.9 min, met een standaardafwijking van 4,7 min. Op het moment van opoffering, ratten woog 356 ± 23 g. Alle ratten verdragen de operatie goed, en ervaren geen complicaties. Onmiddellijk na de operatie werden de ratten vastgesteld belastbaarheid van het werkzame uiteinde, maar vertoonde een lichte slap. Door een week na de operatie, alle ratten werden ambulating zonder noemenswaardige slap. De dieren alle opgeda...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Athymic Rat Model for Evaluation of Engineered Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts at JoVE.com

Athymic Rat Model for Evaluation of Engineered Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts

Animal models are important tools for the evaluation of tissue-engineered grafts. This paper presents the protocol for preparing an electrospun biodegradable polymer graft for use in anterior cruciate ligament tissue engineering, as well as a surgical protocol for implantation in a rat model.

Athymische Rat Model voor de Evaluatie van Engineered voorste kruisband Grafts

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common ligamentous injury that often requires surgery because the ACL does not heal well without ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Magnetic Resonance Elastography Methodology for the Evaluation of Tissue Engineered Construct Growth

Magnetic Resonance elastografie methodologie voor de evaluatie van Tissue Engineered Construct groei

Traditional mechanical testing often results in the destruction of the sample, and in the case of long term tissue engineered construct studies, the use ...

Surgical Retrieval, Isolation and In vitro Expansion of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament-derived Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications

Surgical Retrieval, Isolation and In vitro Expansion of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament-derived Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications

Chirurgische Retrieval, Isolatie en<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; Uitbreiding van de Mens Voorste kruisband-afgeleide cellen voor Tissue Engineering Applications

Injury to the ACL is a commonly encountered problem in active individuals. Even partial tears of this intra-articular knee ligament lead to biomechanical ...

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of Tissue Engineered Vascular Grafts and Subsequent In Vivo Monitoring

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of Tissue Engineered Vascular Grafts and Subsequent In Vivo Monitoring

Chirurgische techniek voor de inplanting van Tissue Engineered vaattransplantaten en de daaropvolgende<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; Monitoring

The development of Tissue Engineered Vessels (TEVs) is advanced by the ability to routinely and effectively implant TEVs (4-5 mm in diameter) into a large ...

Generation and Grafting of Tissue-engineered Vessels in a Mouse Model

Generatie en enten van-Weefselmanipulatieproducten Schepen in een muismodel

The construction of vascular conduits is a fundamental strategy for surgical repair of damaged and injured vessels resulting from cardiovascular diseases. ...

Production, Characterization and Potential Uses of a 3D Tissue-engineered Human Esophageal Mucosal Model

Productie, karakterisering en toepassingsmogelijkheden van een 3D Tissue-engineered Human Slokdarmkanker Mucosale Model

The incidence of both esophageal adenocarcinoma and its precursor, Barrett&#8217;s Metaplasia, are rising rapidly in the western world. Furthermore ...

Engineered 3D Silk-collagen-based Model of Polarized Neural Tissue

Engineered 3D Silk-collageen-gebaseerde model van de gepolariseerde zenuwweefsel

Despite huge efforts to decipher the anatomy, composition and function of the brain, it remains the least understood organ of the human body. To gain a ...

Applications of In Vivo Functional Testing of the Rat Tibialis Anterior for Evaluating Tissue Engineered Skeletal Muscle Repair

Applications of In Vivo Functional Testing of the Rat Tibialis Anterior for Evaluating Tissue Engineered Skeletal Muscle Repair

toepassingen van<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; Functioneel testen van de Rat tibialis anterior voor de evaluatie van Tissue Engineered Skeletal Muscle Repair

Despite the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle, permanent functional and/or cosmetic deficits (e.g., volumetric muscle loss (VML) resulting from ...

Scaling of Engineered Vascular Grafts Using 3D Printed Guides and the Ring Stacking Method

Het schalen van Engineered Vascular Enten Met behulp van 3D-Gedrukt Gidsen en de Ring Stapelen Method

Coronary artery disease remains a leading cause of death, affecting millions of Americans. With the lack of autologous vascular grafts available, ...

Treatment of Ligament Constructs with Exercise-conditioned Serum: A Translational Tissue Engineering Model

Behandeling van ligamentconstructen met uitoefening geconditioneerd serum: een translatie weefsel techniek model

In vitro experiments are essential to understand biological mechanisms; however, the gap between monolayer tissue culture and human physiology is large, ...

A New Ex Vivo Model for the Evaluation of Endoscopic Submucosal Injection Material Performance

A New Ex Vivo Model for the Evaluation of Endoscopic Submucosal Injection Material Performance

Een nieuw Ex Vivo -Model voor de evaluatie van de materiële prestaties Endoscopische Submucosal injectie

Increasing the performance of submucosal injection materials (SIMs) is important for endoscopic therapy of early gastrointestinal cancer. It is essential ...