Name: supercritical nitrogen processing for the purification of reactive porous materials
Uploaded: 2015-05-15T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials at JoVE.com

この作業は、共同プロジェクトのBOR4STORE（助成契約番号303428）およびインフラストラクチャのプログラムH2FC（助成契約番号FP7-284522）の下で、欧州燃料電池やHydruogen共同事業によってサポートされていました。

1.装置<ol><li>ガス供給、真空システム、センサー（温度、圧力）、および（浴中に浸漬することができます）サンプル環境：高圧ガス配管で接続された4つの主要コンポーネントで構成基本的な超臨界乾燥（SCD）装置を使用してください。建設は、高品質のステンレス鋼製バルブ、継手、および管であることを確認し、80〜300 Kの間の温度範囲内で少なくとも10 MPaのに圧力定格 注：概略図?...

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おそらく、その比較的低い臨界温度（126 K）に、N 2は、歴史的に効果的なSCD溶媒として見過ごされてきました。以前の報告では、3,17,42,43それは、それが（除いて、その相図のこの領域での低流体密度にわずかな溶媒和力を発揮する場合には、周囲温度またはより高い温度の処理のコンテキストでに示唆されています極めて高い圧力43）で。超臨界溶媒としてN 2...

超臨界流体抽出（SFE）と（SCD）の方法がよく、特に食品や石油産業における、だけでなく、化学合成、分析、および材料処理では、実用的なアプリケーションの広い範囲で確立されている乾燥。1-6乾燥の使用またはそれらの臨界点以上の条件で抽出媒体は、多くの場合、より速く、よりクリーンであり、より効率的な従来の（液体）技術よりも、高動作条件の僅かな調整により流体の溶媒和力に対して調整可能であるという追加の利点を有しています。3,7の簡単なSCD方式は、3つの基本的な手順で構成されています。最初のステップは、その高い密度が高い（そしておそらく選択的に対応し、その液体（または近超臨界液体）相に適切に選択されたSCD流体に対象不純物化合物を含む固体（あるいは液体）を出発原料を公開しています標的種に対して7）溶解力。 T彼は第二段階は、加熱流体とその溶解標的種を分離する可能性があり相境界を通過しないように密閉容器内に選択されたSCD流体の臨界点以上のシステムを圧縮されています。最後のステップはゆっくり相境界や道に沿って任意の有害な表面張力の影響に遭遇することなく、再度、脱出する標的種を含む液体溶液を可能にする、臨界温度以上の温度で真空にSCDの流体の圧力を低減します。 出発物質は、対象種が枯渇したままされ、必要に応じて繰り返し処理を施してもよいです。超臨界流体抽出の場合では、標的溶質種の所望の生成物であり、そしてさらなる使用のために溶液から回収される。他の場合には8,9、乾燥又は精製された出発物質は、所望の生成物であり、抽出された不純物を廃棄します。この後者のシナリオは、本明細書で言及しますSCDのアプローチとして、高表面積、例えば真空下での伝統的な熱処理方法は、多くの場合、毛穴をクリアで十分ではなく、有機金属構造体（MOF）、のような微孔性材料の前処理のための有効な戦略であることが発見されましたすべての不要なお客様、または孔の崩壊につながる。10二酸化炭素SCD（CSCD）処理の今のMOFためのルーチン合成後のプロセスであり、11は最大1000パーセント12の未処理の材料上に窒素がアクセス可能な表面積の増加につながるとこのような触媒活性のような他の改善、13その他の注目すべき超臨界流体の応用化学反応のために広く同調可能な媒体としては、14〜16超臨界流体クロマトグラフィー（SCFC）6,17,18とエアロゲルと先進複合材料の合成。19- 22 そののa）に近接：乾燥アプリケーションの場合、SCDの流体は2つの基準に基づいて選択されます標的種に対する条件周囲へ（便宜上およびエネルギーコストやプロセスの複雑さを低減するために）、およびb）その溶媒和力臨界点。二酸化炭素（CO 2）は、それが、非毒性、不燃性、および安価なあるため、多くの用途で便利なSCD液体であることが判明している、その近液に一般的な有機標的種の数に対して高い溶媒和力を発揮するように調整することができます。1-3,7-9他の一般的な超臨界溶媒（または共溶媒）（&lt;10 MPaのと273から323 Kの温度の圧力で）状態は、その周囲と超臨界状態の間の溶媒特性の著しい範囲に及ぶ（水、極性（プロトン性及び非プロトン性の）非極性、および周囲条件に比較的近い臨界点を有するからのスペクトルをカバーする23）、アセトン、エチレン、メタノール、エタノール、エタン、。 二酸化炭素は、これまでで使用される最も一般的なSCD流体です。確立CSCD方法において、反応性出発物質のCO 2は、非常に弱い反応性の臨界点近傍の温度であるため禁止要因ではありません。しかし、加熱下での（おそらく意図的に調整）不安定性に加えて、水またはCO 2の存在下で、彼らの強い反応に、いわゆる複合水素化物（ 例えば 、アラネートと水素化ホウ素）の取り扱いに存在する固有の課題のような物質の特定のクラス。24-26はまた、そこに高密度水素貯蔵化合物などの材料で大きな国際的関心がある27-30したがってまた、ナノ構造および/ ​​または多孔性の品種31-33。このような反応性、不安定な、およびナノ構造材料の効果的な精製の ​​ために、SCD法は、狭いキャビティ内への浸透のための適切な低分子直径を有し、またに対する高い溶媒和力を有する。34 A SCD流体を使用しなければならない有望な戦略でありますターゲットの不純物、WHIルを出発原料自体に向かって非反応残り。ここで、超臨界窒素（N 2）の使用は、抽出及び乾燥の用途のために特に有効な流体が提示されます。特定の超臨界窒素乾燥（NSCD）方法は、標的種はジボランとnブチル化合物（と似ているが、n個のブタン、具体的に識別できない）の両方を含むγ相マグネシウム、水素化ホウ素の精製の ​​ために説明します。以下のプロトコルは、簡単に他の超臨界窒素乾燥又は抽出プロセスに一般的な拡張のために変更することができます。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Compressed Nitrogen Gas</td>
			<td>Messer Schweiz AG</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>50 L bottle, purity &#62; 99.999%, &#60;3 ppmv H2O</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Liquid Nitrogen</td>
			<td>Pan Gas AG</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Bulk storage, on site</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Custom Supercritical Drying Apparatus</td>
			<td>Empa</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Swagelok (compression fitting and VCR) components</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Custom Cryogenic Furnace Bath</td>
			<td>Empa</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Custom Labview Interface</td>
			<td>Empa</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

supercritical nitrogen processing for the purification of reactive porous materials

Supercritical fluid extraction and drying methods are well established in numerous applications for the synthesis and processing of porous materials. Herein, nitrogen is presented as a novel supercritical drying fluid for specialized applications such as in the processing of reactive porous materials, where carbon dioxide and other fluids are not appropriate due to their higher chemical reactivity. Nitrogen exhibits similar physical properties in the near-critical region of its phase diagram as compared to carbon dioxide: a widely tunable density up to ~1 g ml-1, modest critical pressure (3.4 MPa), and small molecular diameter of ~3.6 &#197;. The key to achieving a high solvation power of nitrogen is to apply a processing temperature in the range of 80-150 K, where the density of nitrogen is an order of magnitude higher than at similar pressures near ambient temperature. The detailed solvation properties of nitrogen, and especially its selectivity, across a wide range of common target species of extraction still require further investigation. Herein we describe a protocol for the supercritical nitrogen processing of porous magnesium borohydride.

アルカリおよびアルカリ土類金属のホウ水素化物が分解して水素ガスの大きいコンテンツを配信する可能性のある水素貯蔵材料である。例えば、ジボランなど27,29の他の分解生成物はまた、時々脱着ガス中に検出されているが、その起源は先験的に明らかではありません;それは純粋な相分解の産物であることが可能であるが、また、化学合成からの残りの不純物の反応不純物または?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials at JoVE.com

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials

窒素は、その分子サイズが小さい、近超臨界液体領域で高密度、および化学的不活性に抽出または乾燥工程のための効果的な超臨界流体です。我々は、反応性、多孔性材料の精製処理のための超臨界窒素乾燥プロトコルを提示します。

反応性多孔質材料を精製するための超臨界窒素処理

Supercritical fluid extraction and drying methods are well established in numerous applications for the synthesis and processing of porous materials. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Folding and Characterization of a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

DNA折り紙からバイオ応答ロボットの折りたたみとキャラクタリゼーション

The DNA nanorobot is a hollow hexagonal nanometric device, designed to open in response to specific stimuli and present cargo sequestered inside. Both ...

Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

リン酸化ペプチドの強化充実のためのマクロポーラスポリマーモノリスの高度に多孔性配位高分子コーティングの製造

We describe a protocol for the preparation of hybrid materials based on highly porous coordination polymer coatings on the internal surface of macroporous ...

On-line Analysis of Nitrogen Containing Compounds in Complex Hydrocarbon Matrixes

オンライン複雑な炭化水素マトリックス中の窒素含有化合物の分析

The shift to heavy crude oils and the use of alternative fossil resources such as shale oil are a challenge for the petrochemical industry. The ...

Insights into the Interactions of Amino Acids and Peptides with Inorganic Materials Using Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy

単一分子力分光法を用いて無機材料とアミノ酸とペプチドの相互作用への洞察

The interactions between proteins or peptides and inorganic materials lead to several interesting processes. For example, combining proteins with minerals ...

Facet-to-facet Linking of Shape-anisotropic Colloidal Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanostructures

ファセットとファセットの形状異方性のコロイド カドミウム カルコゲナイド系ナノ構造のリンク

Here, we describe a protocol that allows for shape-anisotropic cadmium chalcogenide nanocrystals (NCs), such as nanorods (NRs) and tetrapods (TPs), to be ...

Fabrication and Testing of Catalytic Aerogels Prepared Via Rapid Supercritical Extraction

急速な超臨界抽出法によって作製した触媒のエアロゲルの作製と試験

Protocols for preparing and testing catalytic aerogels by incorporating metal species into silica and alumina aerogel platforms are presented. Three ...

Deposition of Porous Sorbents on Fabric Supports

ファブリックのサポートに多孔質吸着剤の成

A microwave deposition technique for silanes, previously described for production of oleophobic fabrics, is adapted to provide a fabric support material ...

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

化学合成チタン酸バリウム多孔質セラミックス薄膜の気孔率誘起歪による強誘電相の熱安定化

Barium titanate (BaTiO3, hereafter BT) is an established ferroelectric material first discovered in the 1940s and still widely used because of its ...

Synthesis and Bioconjugation of Thiol-Reactive Reagents for the Creation of Site-Selectively Modified Immunoconjugates

合成と化反応のサイト選択的に作成するためのチオール反応性の試薬の変更 Immunoconjugates

Maleimide-bearing bifunctional probes have been employed for decades for the site-selective modification of thiols in biomolecules, especially antibodies. ...

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Biological Samples Using the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances Assay

チオバルビツール酸反応性物質アッセイを用いた生体試料における酸化ストレスの評価

Despite its limited analytical specificity and ruggedness, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay has been widely used as a generic ...