Name: temporal tracking of cell cycle progression using flow cytometry without the need for synchronization
Uploaded: 2015-08-16T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Temporal Tracking of Cell Cycle Progression Using Flow Cytometry without the Need for Synchronization at JoVE.com

The work was funded by the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society of the USA (6105-08), a Cancer Council NSW grant (13-02), an NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship (LJB) (1042305) and project grant (1041614).

Protokollen beskrevet her anvender akut lymfoblastisk leukæmi cellelinje NALM6 men kan anvendes på andre celletyper. 1. Løsninger og reagenser <ol><li> Komplet RPMI <ol><li> Tilføje 56 ml føtalt kalveserum (FCS) og 5,5 ml 200 mM L-glutamin til en 500 ml flaske RPMI-1640 medium. </li></ol></li><li> BrdU Stock Solution <ol><li> Forbered 32,5 mM BrdU (10 mg / ml) i Dulbeccos phosphatbufret saltvand (DPBS). </li></ol></li><li> BrdU komplet RPMI <ol><li> Tilføj 6.2 pi BrdU stamopløsning ...

<ol>
	<li>Banfalvi, G., Banfalvi, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 761, 1-23 (2011).</li><li>Sakaue-Sawano, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualizing+spatiotemporal+dynamics+of+multicellular+cell-cycle+progression.">Visualizing spatiotemporal dynamics of multicellular cell-cycle progression.</a> Cell. 132, 487-498 (2008).</li><li>Harper, J. W., Elledge, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+DNA+damage+response:+ten+years+after.">The DNA damage response: ten years after.</a> Molecular Cell. 28, 739-745 (2007).</li><li>Latt, S. A., George, Y. S., Gray, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow+cytometric+analysis+of+bromodeoxyuridine-substituted+cells+stained+with+33258+Hoechst.">Flow cytometric analysis of bromodeoxyuridine-substituted cells stained with 33258 Hoechst.</a> The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. 25, 927-934 (1977).</li><li>Gratzner, H. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monoclonal+antibody+to+5-bromo-+and+5-iododeoxyuridine:+A+new+reagent+for+detection+of+DNA+replication.">Monoclonal antibody to 5-bromo- and 5-iododeoxyuridine: A new reagent for detection of DNA replication.</a> Science. 218, 474-475 (1982).</li><li>Carayon, P., Bord, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+DNA-replicating+lymphocyte+subsets+using+a+new+method+to+label+the+bromo-deoxyuridine+incorporated+into+the+DNA.">Identification of DNA-replicating lymphocyte subsets using a new method to label the bromo-deoxyuridine incorporated into the DNA.</a> Journal of Immunological Methods. 147, 225-230 (1992).</li><li>Gonchoroff, N. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=S-phase+detection+with+an+antibody+to+bromodeoxyuridine.+Role+of+DNase+pretreatment.">S-phase detection with an antibody to bromodeoxyuridine. Role of DNase pretreatment.</a> Journal of Immunological Methods. 93, 97-101 (1986).</li><li>Rabinovitch, P. S., Torres, R. M., Engel, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simultaneous+cell+cycle+analysis+and+two-color+surface+immunofluorescence+using+7-amino-actinomycin+D+and+single+laser+excitation:+applications+to+study+of+cell+activation+and+the+cell+cycle+of+murine+Ly-1+B+cells.">Simultaneous cell cycle analysis and two-color surface immunofluorescence using 7-amino-actinomycin D and single laser excitation: applications to study of cell activation and the cell cycle of murine Ly-1 B cells.</a> Journal of Immunology. 136, 2769-2775 (1986).</li><li>Saunders, P. O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RAD001+(everolimus)+induces+dose-dependent+changes+to+cell+cycle+regulation+and+modifies+the+cell+cycle+response+to+vincristine.">RAD001 (everolimus) induces dose-dependent changes to cell cycle regulation and modifies the cell cycle response to vincristine.</a> Oncogene. 32, 4789-4797 (2013).</li><li>Hendzel, M. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitosis-specific+phosphorylation+of+histone+H3+initiates+primarily+within+pericentromeric+heterochromatin+during+G2+and+spreads+in+an+ordered+fashion+coincident+with+mitotic+chromosome+condensation.">Mitosis-specific phosphorylation of histone H3 initiates primarily within pericentromeric heterochromatin during G2 and spreads in an ordered fashion coincident with mitotic chromosome condensation.</a> Chromosoma. 106, 348-360 (1997).</li><li>Draetta, G., Beach, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activation+of+cdc2+protein+kinase+during+mitosis+in+human+cells:+cell+cycle-dependent+phosphorylation+and+subunit+rearrangement.">Activation of cdc2 protein kinase during mitosis in human cells: cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation and subunit rearrangement.</a> Cell. 54, 17-26 (1988).</li><li>Saunders, P. O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RAD001+(everolimus)+induces+dose-dependent+changes+to+cell+cycle+regulation+and+modifies+the+cell+cycle+response+to+vincristine.">RAD001 (everolimus) induces dose-dependent changes to cell cycle regulation and modifies the cell cycle response to vincristine.</a> Oncogene. , (2012).</li><li>Knudsen, R. C., Ahmed, A. A., Sell, K. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+in+vitro+microassay+for+lymphotoxin+using+microculture+plates+and+the+multiple+automated+sample+harvester.">An in vitro microassay for lymphotoxin using microculture plates and the multiple automated sample harvester.</a> Journal of Immunological Methods. 5, 55-63 (1974).</li><li>Beck, H. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proliferation+kinetics+of+perturbed+cell+populations+determined+by+the+bromodeoxyuridine-33258+technique:+radiotoxic+effects+of+incorporated+[3H]thymidine.">Proliferation kinetics of perturbed cell populations determined by the bromodeoxyuridine-33258 technique: radiotoxic effects of incorporated [3H]thymidine.</a> Cytometry. 2, 170-174 (1981).</li><li>Miller, M. J., Wei, S. H., Parker, I., Cahalan, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two-photon+imaging+of+lymphocyte+motility+and+antigen+response+in+intact+lymph+node.">Two-photon imaging of lymphocyte motility and antigen response in intact lymph node.</a> Science. 296, 1869-1873 (2002).</li><li>Collins, J. M., Berry, D. E., Bagwell, C. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Different+rates+of+DNA+synthesis+during+the+S+phase+of+log+phase+HeLa+S3,+WI-38,+and+2RA+cells.">Different rates of DNA synthesis during the S phase of log phase HeLa S3, WI-38, and 2RA cells.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 255, 3585-3590 (1980).</li><li>Schwarting, R., Gerdes, J., Niehus, J., Jaeschke, L., Stein, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determination+of+the+growth+fraction+in+cell+suspensions+by+flow+cytometry+using+the+monoclonal+antibody+Ki-67.">Determination of the growth fraction in cell suspensions by flow cytometry using the monoclonal antibody Ki-67.</a> Journal of Immunological Methods. 90, 65-70 (1986).</li><li>Danova, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+cycle-related+proteins:+a+flow+cytofluorometric+study+in+human+tumors.">Cell cycle-related proteins: a flow cytofluorometric study in human tumors.</a> Biology of the Cell. 64, 23-28 (1988).</li><li>Juan, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histone+H3+phosphorylation+and+expression+of+cyclins+A+and+B1+measured+in+individual+cells+during+their+progression+through+G2+and+mitosis.">Histone H3 phosphorylation and expression of cyclins A and B1 measured in individual cells during their progression through G2 and mitosis.</a> Cytometry. 32, 71-77 (1998).</li><li>Langan, T. J., Chou, R. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synchronization+of+mammalian+cell+cultures+by+serum+deprivation.">Synchronization of mammalian cell cultures by serum deprivation.</a> Methods in Molecular Biology. 761, 75-83 (2011).</li><li>Kues, W. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+cycle+synchronization+of+porcine+fetal+fibroblasts:+effects+of+serum+deprivation+and+reversible+cell+cycle+inhibitors.">Cell cycle synchronization of porcine fetal fibroblasts: effects of serum deprivation and reversible cell cycle inhibitors.</a> Biology of Reproduction. 62, 412-419 (2000).</li><li>Urbani, L., Sherwood, S. W., Schimke, R. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dissociation+of+nuclear+and+cytoplasmic+cell+cycle+progression+by+drugs+employed+in+cell+synchronization.">Dissociation of nuclear and cytoplasmic cell cycle progression by drugs employed in cell synchronization.</a> Experimental Cell Research. 219, 159-168 (1995).</li></ol>

Evnen til at analysere cellecyklussen er vigtig for forståelsen af ​​cancer biologi og virkningsmekanismen af ​​begge lægemidler og gener, der påvirker celleproliferation og vækst. Mens der er et væld af assays, der angiveligt måler celleproliferation, kun flertallet tilvejebringer et mål, der angiver antallet celler til stede. Disse omfatter assays, der måler celletal ved direkte visualisering og tælling, metabolisk aktivitet eller ATP-koncentration. Den største fordel ved mange af disse metoder er, a...

Vurderingen af ​​cellecyklus funktioner og ændringer, der opstår i celler under cellecyklusprogression er fundamental for forståelsen mange aspekter af biologi, især kræft biologi. Mange agenter i udvikling til behandling af maligniteter har dybtgående virkninger på cellecyklusprogression eller fremkalde celledød via cellecyklus afhængige-mekanismer. For at studere cellecyklus dynamik eller celler i en bestemt fase af cellecyklussen, er det sædvanligt at synkronisere celler. Men synkronisering metoder kan have skadelige virkninger på cellerne blive undersøgt, potentielt confounding de opnåede resultater. 1 For nylig brug af fluorescens mærkede proteiner, der kun er til stede på bestemte faser af celler cyklus har tilladt analyse af cellecyklusprogression i enkelte celler over tid 2, men de celler, der skal undersøges behov for at blive genetisk manipuleret til at udtrykke disse mærkede proteiner, begrænser deres anvendelse til systemer, hvor dette kan læsesily opnået. Cellecyklussen består af to aktive faser: syntesen (S) fase, hvor DNA replikeres og mitose (M), hvor celledeling finder sted. Disse faser er adskilt af tre gap faser, G 0, G 1 og G 2. G 0 eller hvile, er en hvilefase, hvor cellen har forladt cyklus, G 1 er hvor cellerne vokse i størrelse forud for DNA-replikation og G2, hvor cellevækst fortsætter mellem færdiggørelsen af DNA-replikation, men før celledeling. Den progression gennem cellecyklus kontrolleres af en række checkpoints. G 1 checkpoint aktiveres, når miljøforholdene ikke støtter af DNA-syntese og forhindrer indrejse i S-fasen. Den intra-S-fasen checkpoint eller forsinkelse kan udløses af DNA-skader, der kan resultere i gået i stå replikation gafler. Under G2 bekræftes nøjagtighed for de replikerede DNA og hvis der registreres skader derefter G 2 </sub&gt; checkpoint er aktiveret tillader DNA-reparation før celledeling. En endelig checkpoint under mitose sikrer, at kromatider er justeret korrekt ved den mitotiske pladen, så celledeling kan fuldført. 3 Aktivering af disse checkpoints er almindeligt anvendt til at synkronisere cellepopulationer. Cellecykluskontrolpunkter kan aktiveres af en række faktorer, men cancerbiologi de mest almindelige er detektion af DNA-beskadigelse. DNA skade responset initieres af PI3-kinase-lignende kinaser ataksi telangiectasia og Rad3 relateret (ATR) og ataksi telangiectasia muteret (ATM), der aktiverer de nedstrøms effektor kinaser Chk1 og Chk2 hhv. 3 En række arrangementer aktiverer Chk1 herunder gået i stå replikation gafler, DNA krydsbindinger og ultraviolet stråling skader, mens Chk2 primært aktiveres ved dobbelt-strenget pauser. Den sædvanlige fremgangsmåde til at studere effekten af ​​ændrede forhold af længden af ​​cellecyklus is at synkronisere cellerne i en bestemt fase af cellecyklussen. 1 Dette kan opnås via adskillige fremgangsmåder. Celler kan adskilles fysisk baseret på størrelse, densitet, sidespredning (kornethed) og celleoverfladeekspression markører. Mere praktisk, kan celler synkroniseres med kemiske midler. Adskillige midler, såsom thymidin, hydroxyurea og cytosinarabinosid kan anvendes til at inhibere DNA-syntese i S-fasen af ​​cellecyklus resulterer i en ophobning af celler i S-fase, som fortsætter cykle efter midlerne fjernes. Celler behandlet med nocodazol, som forhindrer dannelsen af den mitotiske spindel, arrest med en G 2 - eller M-fase-DNA-indhold. Eliminering af serum fra dyrkningsmediet resulterer i akkumulering af celler ved G 0 fase. Den fornyede tilsætning af næringsstofferne i kulturen serum igen starter den normale cykling af cellerne. Men alle disse synkroniseringsfremgangsmåder forstyrrer den normale cykling og vækst af celler og kan Result i signifikant celledød. Synkronisering af akut lymfoblastisk leukæmi-celler er særligt udfordrende og disse celler ikke modtagelige for genetisk manipulation. Den her beskrevne fremgangsmåde tillader vurdering af cellecyklus dynamik og studiet af celler i bestemte faser af cellecyklus uden traditionel synkronisering eller gensplejsning. Denne metode kan også være nyttige til andre celletyper når genetisk modifikation og traditionelle synkronisering procedurer er ikke let opnås. Metoden er baseret på den lange etablerede brug af bromdeoxyuridin (BrdU) inkorporering, som har meget ringe indflydelse på den kortsigtede vækst og proliferation af celler. 4 Etablerede BrdU protokoller drage fordel af inkorporeringen af BrdU i nysyntetiseret DNA under S-fasen . Dette markerer permanent celler som har været i S-fase under BrdU eksponering. Denne population kan identificeres på senere tidspunkter ved farvning for BrdU incorporation og derved fungere som en synkroniseret population, der kan følges og evalueres over tid tillader undersøgelse af virkningen af ​​stoffet på transit cellecyklus. BrdU skal udsættes før antistoffarvning, normalt opnået efter DNase eller syrebehandling. 6,7 Brug flowcytometri at opdage indarbejdet BrdU muliggør medtagelse af yderligere markører. Det vigtigste er brugen af farvestoffer til at måle DNA-indhold, hvilket muliggør vurdering af cellecyklusfase fordeling af cellerne, der var i S-fasen ved begyndelsen af studiet. 8 Endvidere ekstra overflade eller intracellulære antigener kan også undersøges. 9 Disse kan vedrøre cellecyklus begivenheder såsom Ki67 eller tilsyneladende uafhængige celle funktioner såsom apoptose markører som kløvet caspase-3. De potentielle anvendelser er begrænset af fantasien af ​​investigator.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>APC BrdU Flow Kit</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>552598</td>
			<td>Contains BrdU antibody, 7-AAD and BD Cytofix/Cytoperm 
			Buffer (referred to as Fixation Buffer)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Cytoperm Permeabilization Buffer Plus</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>561651</td>
			<td>Referred to as Permeabilization buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Perm/Wash Buffer</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>554723</td>
			<td>Referred to as Wash buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNase</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D-4513</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Falcon 12 x 75-mm FACS tubes</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>352008</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Pharmingen Stain Buffer</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>554656</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD LSR FORTESSA flow cytometer</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>FORTESSA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipetman</td>
			<td>Gilson</td>
			<td>P2, P20, P100, P1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI 1640 w/o L-Gln 500 ml</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>12-167F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DPBS</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>17-512F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>FisherBiotec</td>
			<td>FBS-7100113</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Glutamine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G7513-100ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5-Bromo-2&#8242;-deoxyuridine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>B5002-1G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Falcon TC 150cm2 vented Flasks</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>355001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipettes 25mL</td>
			<td>Greiner</td>
			<td>760180</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aersol Pipettes 200&#181;L</td>
			<td>Interpath</td>
			<td>24700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aersol Pipettes 1mL</td>
			<td>Interpath</td>
			<td>24800</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Spintron</td>
			<td>GT-175R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CO2 incubator</td>
			<td>Binder</td>
			<td>C 150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AF488 anti-Histone H3 Phospho (Ser10) Antibody</td>
			<td>Cell Signalling</td>
			<td>9708S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phospho-Chk2 (Thr68) (C13C1) Rabbit mAb</td>
			<td>Cell Signalling</td>
			<td>2197S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phospho-Chk1 (Ser345) (133D3) Rabbit mAb</td>
			<td>Cell Signalling</td>
			<td><a name="RANGE!C23">2348S</a></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NALM6&#160;</td>
			<td>DSMZ</td>
			<td>ACC-128</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

temporal tracking of cell cycle progression using flow cytometry without the need for synchronization

This protocol describes a method to permit the tracking of cells through the cell cycle without requiring the cells to be synchronized. Achieving cell synchronization can be difficult for many cell systems. Standard practice is to block cell cycle progression at a specific stage and then release the accumulated cells producing a wave of cells progressing through the cycle in unison. However, some cell types find this block toxic resulting in abnormal cell cycling, or even mass death. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake can be used to track the cell cycle stage of individual cells. Cells incorporate this synthetic thymidine analog, while synthesizing new DNA during S phase. By providing BrdU for a brief period it is possible to mark a pool of cells that were in S phase while the BrdU was present. These cells can then be tracked through the remainder of the cell cycle and into the next round of replication, permitting the duration of the cell cycle phases to be determined without the need to induce a potentially toxic cell cycle block. It is also possible to determine and correlate the expression of both internal and external proteins during subsequent stages of the cell cycle. These can be used to further refine the assignment of cell cycle stage or assess effects on other cellular functions such as checkpoint activation or cell death.

Kan bruges denne metode til at opnå en række oplysninger. Enkelte programmer er skitseret her. Bedømmelse af varigheden af ​​cellecyklussen At bestemme den tid, der kræves for celler til transit gennem cellecyklussen høstes celler til forskellige tidspunkter efter BrdU puls. Intervallerne mellem vurderingerne kan tilpasses de særlige celler, der analyseres. Hæmatopoietiske cellelinier blev vurderet hver time over en 24 timers periode i fravær af nogen...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Temporal Tracking of Cell Cycle Progression Using Flow Cytometry without the Need for Synchronization at JoVE.com

Temporal Tracking of Cell Cycle Progression Using Flow Cytometry without the Need for Synchronization

Denne protokol beskriver anvendelsen af ​​bromdeoxyuridin (BrdU) -optagelse at tillade den tidsmæssige sporing af celler, der var i S-fase på et bestemt tidspunkt. Tilsætning af DNA farvestoffer og antistof mærkning letter detaljeret analyse af skæbne S faseceller på senere tidspunkter.

Temporal Sporing af cellecyklusprogression anvendelse af flowcytometri uden behov for synkronisering

This protocol describes a method to permit the tracking of cells through the cell cycle without requiring the cells to be synchronized. Achieving cell ...

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Precise control of the initiation and subsequent progression through the various phases of the cell cycle are of paramount importance in proliferating ...

Optimized Staining and Proliferation Modeling Methods for Cell Division Monitoring using Cell Tracking Dyes

Optimeret farvning og spredning modelleringsmetoder for celledeling Overvågning ved hjælp cellesporing Farvestoffer

Fluorescent cell tracking dyes, in combination with flow and image cytometry, are powerful tools with which to study the interactions and fates of ...

Cell Tracking Using Photoconvertible Proteins During Zebrafish Development

Cellesporing hjælp Photoconvertible proteiner under zebrafisk Development

Embryogenesis is a dynamic process that is best studied by using techniques that allow the documentation of developmental changes in vivo. The use of ...

Techniques for the Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Using Flow Cytometry

Teknikker til analyse af ekstracellulær Vesikler anvendelse af flowcytometri

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-derived vesicles found in bodily fluids that are highly involved in cell-cell communication and help ...

Synchronization of Caulobacter Crescentus for Investigation of the Bacterial Cell Cycle

Synchronization of Caulobacter Crescentus for Investigation of the Bacterial Cell Cycle

Synkronisering af<em&gt; Caulobacter Crescentus</em&gt; Til undersøgelse af bakteriecellen Cycle

The cell cycle is important for growth, genome replication, and development in all cells.  In bacteria, studies of the cell cycle have focused largely on ...

LED Thermo Flow &#8212; Combining Optogenetics with Flow Cytometry

LED Thermo Flow ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã‚Â Combining Optogenetics with Flow Cytometry

LED Thermo Flow - Forening optogenetics med flowcytometri

Optogenetic tools allow isolated, functional investigations of almost any signaling molecule within complex signaling pathways. A major obstacle is the ...

Determination of the Relative Cell Surface and Total Expression of Recombinant Ion Channels Using Flow Cytometry

Bestemmelse af den relative celleoverfladen og Total ekspression af rekombinante Ion Channels anvendelse af flowcytometri

Inherited or de novo mutations in cation-selective channels may lead to sudden cardiac death. Alteration in the plasma membrane trafficking of these ...

Analysis of Cell Suspensions Isolated from Solid Tissues by Spectral Flow Cytometry

Analyse af Cellesuspensioner isoleret fra Solid Væv af Spectral flowcytometri

Flow cytometry has been used for the past 40 years to define and analyze the phenotype of lymphoid and other hematopoietic cells. Initially restricted to ...

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis

Kombinere mitotiske celle synkronisering og høj opløsning Konfokal mikroskopi for at studere rollen af multifunktionelle cellecyklus proteiner under mitosen

Study of the various regulatory events of the cell cycle in a phase-dependent manner provides a clear understanding about cell growth and division. The ...