Name: atomic force microscopy imaging and force spectroscopy of supported lipid bilayers
Uploaded: 2015-07-22T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Force Spectroscopy of Supported Lipid Bilayers at JoVE.com

Bu eser (no. 0312040 hibe) Max Planck Kurumu, Alman Kanser Araştırma Merkezi, Tübingen Üniversitesi ve Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung tarafından desteklenmiştir. Biz bize bu yazının dikkatli okumak için kuvvet eğrisi verileri ve Dr. Jakob Suckale analizi otomatik yardım için Eduard Hermann teşekkür ederiz.

Desteklenen Lipid Bilayers 1. Hazırlama (SLB) 11,12,21 <ol><li> Lipid Karışım ve çok katmanlı veziküllü Cezalı Hazırlanması <ol><li> Önceden aşağıdaki tamponlar hazırlayın. <ol><li> 2.7 mM KCI, konsantrasyonlarda, PBS tampon hazırlanması 1.5 mM KH 2 PO 4, 8 mM Na 2 HPO 4 ve 137 mM NaCl, pH 7.2. </li><li> 150 mM NaCI, 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4 konsantrasyonlarda SLB (desteklenen lipid iki katmanlı) tamponunu hazırlayın. </li><li> 1 M CaCI2</sub...

<ol>
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J., Franz, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rupture+of+molecular+thin+films+observed+in+atomic+force+microscopy+I.+Theory.">Rupture of molecular thin films observed in atomic force microscopy I. Theory.</a> Physical Review E. 66, 031601 (2002).</li><li>Garcia-Manyes, S., Oncins, G., Sanz, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+Temperature+on+the+Nanomechanics+of+Lipid+Bilayers+Studied+by+Force+Spectroscopy.">Effect of Temperature on the Nanomechanics of Lipid Bilayers Studied by Force Spectroscopy.</a> Biophys. 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DOPC oluşan SLBs: SM: Kol (2: 2: 1), kalsiyum klorür ile indüklenen vezikül adsorpsiyon ve yırtılması sonrasında mika oluşmuştur. Bu lipit kompozisyonu L D ve L değeri O fazlar ayrıldı. Ğ fazı sfingomyelin ve kolesterol açısından zengin ve L, D aşaması 11&#39;den daha az sıvı / daha viskoz (Şekil 1A) olarak bulunmuştur. L d aşamasından L o ayrılması çevreleyen (Şekil 1B, C) ​​y...

Atomik Kuvvet mikroskopisi (AFM), çok keskin ucu 1 ile konsol kullanılarak numunenin bir alanı boyunca tarama bir yüzeyin bir görüntü oluşturur. konsol hareketi numunesinin yüzey topolojisini araştırıyor. Sıvı 2-5 hava ya da doğala yakın halde sabit örnekleri analiz çok yönlülüğünü nedeniyle, protein, DNA, ve membran da dahil olmak üzere - AFM yaygın biyolojik moleküllerin uygulanmıştır. Apart nanometre aralığında, yüksek çözünürlüklü görüntüleme yeteneği gelen, AFM konsol etkileşim kuvvetlerini (yapışma ve itme) ve örnek 5,6 mekanik özelliklerini araştırmak üzere bir yay gibi davranır. Bu kuvvet spektroskopisi diye bilinmektedir. Bu modda, prob birinci numune (Şekil 1A) ile temasını kaybeder kadar daha sonra geri çekilir, örnek yaklaşır ve bunun üzerine bir kuvvet uygular. oluşturulan eğriler uygulama hem de konsol mesafenin bir fonksiyonu olarak kuvvet gösterirhamamböceği ve geri çekilme. Elastikiyet modülüne dahil olmak üzere birçok özellikler, bir malzemenin sertliğini ölçmek için, ve yapışma güçleri elde edilebilir. Desteklenen ikili lipid tabakalarıdır bir katı destek üstünde yatan biyolojik model membranlar - genellikle mika, borosilikat cam, erimiş silis veya silikon 7 oksitlenmiş. Bunlar vesikül birikimi gibi çeşitli teknikler kullanılarak hazırlanmaktadır, Langmuir-Blodgett yöntemi ve 8,9 spin kaplama. AFM görüntüleme bu desteklenen ikili tabakalar 10 oluşumunu takip ve farklı bileşimler 11-15 membranları tarafından oluşturulan farklı yapıları incelemek için kullanılmıştır. Yaklaşım eğrisi de bir zirve desteklenen bilayers sonuçlarına kuvvet spektroskopisi gerçekleştirme. Bu zirve bilayeri delmek için gerekli kuvveti gösterir ve atılım kuvvet denir. iki tabakalı kalınlığı da kuvvet eğrisi 6 kullanılarak ölçülebilir. bilayers tipik atılım gücü1-50 arasındaki aralık NN 6. Bu özellikler, lipit ambalaj (sıvı veya jel fazı) ve yapının (asil zincir uzunlukları ve doymamışlık derecesi) ve zar-aktif maddeler 16 tarafından değiştirilmiş bağlıdır. rüptür arkasındaki teori 17 açıklanmıştır ve bu konsol yumuşaklık, uç yarıçapı ve yaklaşım hızı gibi diğer deneysel parametreler de atılım gücü 15,16,18 etkiler. Kuvvet spektroskopisi zar 21 stabilitesi, farklı lipit fazları 11,19, peptidler gibi bir bileşim bağımlı değişiklikler 12,20, hem de diğer biyomoleküllerin etkileri özelliklerini analiz etmek için kullanılmıştır. Desteklenen iki katmanlı yassı yönelimi daha iyi bir yapı ve membran özelliklerini karakterize etmek için bu yüzey plazmon rezonans 22 ve floresan mikroskobu 11,19 gibi diğer yöntemler ile AFM birleştirilmesi için avantajlıdır. Bu ayrıntılı video protocol vezikül birikimi kullanarak desteklenen lipit katmanlarını hazırlamak ve AFM ve kuvvet spektroskopisi ile bunları analiz etmek amaçlanmaktadır. Çeşitli büyüklüklerde veziküller iki katmanlı yapılar hazırlamak için kullanılabilir olsa da, bu protokol, küçük ve büyük tek lamelli vesiküller odaklanmaktadır. Faz sıvı emretti (ğ) ve sıvı düzensiz (L d) aşamalarında ayırmak Desteklenen bilayers 11,15 karakterize edildi. 2: 1 oranında membran 2 di-oleoil-fosfatidilkolin (DOPC), sfingomiyelin (SM) ve kolesterol (kol) oluşmaktadır. Bu kompozisyon modelleri, protein kaçakçılığı ve sıralama, hücre sinyalizasyon ve diğer hücresel süreçleri 23,24 önemli platformlar olarak davranmaya önerilmiştir lipid sallar.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine</td>
			<td>Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc.</td>
			<td>850375P</td>
			<td>Comes as lyophilized powder in sealed vials. Dissolve all powder in chloroform upon opening. Store extra as dried lipid films, under inert atmosphere, at -20&#176;C. For more information on storage and handling visit http://www.avantilipids.com/index.php?option=com_content&#38;view=article&#38;id=1679&#38;Itemid=398</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sphingomyelin (Brain, Porcine)</td>
			<td>Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc.</td>
			<td>860062P</td>
			<td>Comes as lyophilized powder in large sealed plastic containers. Dissolve a spatula point of powder powder in chloroform upon opening. Store extra as dried lipid films, under inert atmosphere, at -20&#176;C.&#160; For more information on storage and handling visit http://www.avantilipids.com/index.php?option=com_content&#38;view=article&#38;id=1679&#38;Itemid=398</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cholesterol</td>
			<td>Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc.</td>
			<td>700000P</td>
			<td>Comes as lyophilized powder in large sealed plastic containers. Dissolve a spatula point of powder powder in chloroform upon opening. Store extra as dried lipid films, under inert atmosphere, at -20&#176;C.&#160; For more information on storage and handling visit http://www.avantilipids.com/index.php?option=com_content&#38;view=article&#38;id=1679&#38;Itemid=398</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium chloride (NaCl), 99.8%</td>
			<td>Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG</td>
			<td>9265.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium chloride (KCl), 88%</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P9541</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium hydrogenphosphate (Na2HPO4), &#62;99%</td>
			<td>AppliChem GmbH</td>
			<td>A1046</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium dihydrogenphosphate (KH2PO4), 99%</td>
			<td>Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG</td>
			<td>3904.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2), molecular biology grade</td>
			<td>AppliChem GmbH</td>
			<td>A4689</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES, molecular biology grade</td>
			<td>AppliChem GmbH</td>
			<td>A3724</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass coverslip, 24x60 mm, 1mm thickness</td>
			<td>Duran Group</td>
			<td>2355036</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mica blocks</td>
			<td>NSC Mica Exports Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>These are mica pieces at least 1 sq. Inches in area and thickness randing from 0.006 inches to 0.016 inches. They are cut to a specific size by the company for shipping. Small mica discs can be punched from the mica blocks using the punch and die set.&#160; Always handle mica with gloves or tweezers.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Punch and Die Set</td>
			<td>Precision Brand Products, Inc</td>
			<td>40105</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optical Adhesive</td>
			<td>Norland Products, Inc.</td>
			<td>NOA 88</td>
			<td>Liquid adhesive that hardens when cured under long wavelength UV light.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laboratory Equipment Grease</td>
			<td>Borer Chemie AG</td>
			<td>Glisseal N</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Liposome Extruder</td>
			<td>Avestin</td>
			<td>LiposoFast-Basic</td>
			<td>As an alternative one can also look at offers from Northern Lipids, Inc.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adhesive Tape</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>Scotch(R) Magic (TM) Tape 810 (1-inch)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bath Sonicator</td>
			<td>Bandelin Sonorex Digitec</td>
			<td>DT-31</td>
			<td>No heating, Frequency: 35 kHz, Ultrasonic Peak Output: 160 W, HF Power: 40 W. http://www.bandelin.com/datenblaetter/dt/DT_31_H_1798d_DE_GB_FR_BANDELIN.pdf</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silicon Nitride AFM Cantilever&#160;</td>
			<td>Bruker AFM Probes</td>
			<td>DNP-10</td>
			<td>Each cantilever has four tips and their nominal tip radius is 20 nm (with possible maximum at 60 nm). Based on the specifications, we use tip D with resonance frequency of 18 kHz, and nominal spring constant of 0.06 N/m.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AFM</td>
			<td>JPK</td>
			<td>JPK Nanowizard II mounted on Zeiss Axiovert 200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

atomic force microscopy imaging and force spectroscopy of supported lipid bilayers

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a versatile, high-resolution imaging technique that allows visualization of biological membranes. It has sufficient magnification to examine membrane substructures and even individual molecules. AFM can act as a force probe to measure interactions and mechanical properties of membranes. Supported lipid bilayers are conventionally used as membrane models in AFM studies. In this protocol, we demonstrate how to prepare supported bilayers and characterize their structure and mechanical properties using AFM. These include bilayer thickness and breakthrough force. 
The information provided by AFM imaging and force spectroscopy help define mechanical and chemical properties of membranes. These properties play an important role in cellular processes such as maintaining cell hemostasis from environmental stress, bringing membrane proteins together, and stabilizing protein complexes.

DOPC oluşan Desteklenen lipid bilayers: SM: Chol (2: 2: 1) AFM içinde görüntülendi (Şekil 2 AC). Çünkü lipit kompozisyonu, SM / Chol-zengini L o ve DOPC zengin L d fazlar gözlenmiştir. AFM görüntüleme yükseklik profili zar yapısı hakkında önemli bilgiler sağlayabilir. Yükseklik profili bakarak, iki tabakalı kalınlığı temin edilebilir membranın (Şekil 2B), veya L o / L D fazlar arasındaki yükseklik farkından kusur...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Force Spectroscopy of Supported Lipid Bilayers at JoVE.com

Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Force Spectroscopy of Supported Lipid Bilayers

We describe a protocol for preparation of supported lipid bilayers and its characterization using atomic force microscopy and force spectroscopy.

Atomik Kuvvet Mikroskobu Görüntüleme ve Desteklenen Lipid Bilayers Kuvvet Spektroskopisi

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a versatile, high-resolution imaging technique that allows visualization of biological membranes. It has sufficient ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Bacterial Immobilization for Imaging by Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomik Kuvvet Mikroskopi Görüntüleme Bakteriyel İmmobilizasyon

AFM is a high-resolution (nm scale) imaging tool that mechanically probes a surface.  It has the ability to image cells and biomolecules, in a liquid ...

Visualization of Recombinant DNA and Protein Complexes Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomik Kuvvet Mikroskobu kullanılarak Rekombinant DNA ve Protein Kompleksleri Görselleştirme

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) allows for the visualizing of individual proteins, DNA molecules, protein-protein complexes, and DNA-protein complexes. On ...

Quantifying the Mechanical Properties of the Endothelial Glycocalyx with Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomik Kuvvet Mikroskobu ile Endotelyal Glycocalyx Mekanik Özelliklerinin nicel

Our  understanding of the interaction of leukocytes and the vessel wall during  leukocyte capture is limited by an incomplete understanding of the ...

Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Living Cells Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomik Kuvvet Mikroskobu kullanarak Yaşam Hücrelerinin Mekanik Özellikleri Ölçme

Mechanical  properties of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) play important roles in many  biological processes including stem cell differentiation, ...

Preparation of Mica Supported Lipid Bilayers for High Resolution Optical Microscopy Imaging

Mika hazırlanması Yüksek Çözünürlüklü Optik Mikroskopi Görüntüleme için lipit tabakalarının Desteklenen

Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are widely used as a model for studying membrane properties (phase separation, clustering, dynamics) and its interaction ...

Novel Atomic Force Microscopy Based Biopanning for Isolation of Morphology Specific Reagents against TDP-43 Variants in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrofik Lateral Skleroz TDP-43 Türevleri karşı Morfoloji Özel Reaktifler İzolasyonunda Roman Atomik Kuvvet Mikroskobu Tabanlı biopanning

Because protein variants play critical roles in many diseases including TDP-43 in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), alpha-synuclein in ...

Single Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy on Planar Supported Bilayers

Planar on Tek Molekül Floresans Mikroskopi bilayers Desteklenen

In the course of a single decade single molecule microscopy has changed from being a secluded domain shared merely by physicists with a strong background ...

Fabrication and Implementation of a Reference-Free Traction Force Microscopy Platform

Referanssız Çekiş Kuvveti Mikroskopi Platformunun İmalatı ve Uygulanması

Quantifying cell-induced material deformation provides useful information concerning how cells sense and respond to the physical properties of their ...

Traction Force Microscopy to Study B Lymphocyte Activation

B Lenfosit Aktivasyonunu Incelemek Için Çekiş Kuvveti Mikroskobu

Traction force microscopy (TFM) enables the measurement of forces produced by a cell on a substrate. This technique infers traction force measurements ...

Application of Atomic Force Microscopy to Detect Early Osteoarthritis

Erken Osteoartrit tespit etmek için Atomik Kuvvet Mikroskobu Uygulaması

Biomechanical properties of cells and tissues not only regulate their shape and function but are also crucial for maintaining their vitality. Changes in ...