Name: a mouse model of subchronic and mild social defeat stress for understanding stress-induced behavioral and physiological deficits
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著者は、博士に感謝します。健太郎長岡（東京農工大学）、有用な議論のための渉飯尾（茨城県）。この研究は、農業・医療科学（IUCAM）との間に茨城大学協力（文部科学省、日本）と健康促進給付（NARO）と農産物・食品の開発に関する研究プロジェクト（農林水産省、日本）によって部分的にサポートされていました。

動物実験は、によって承認され、茨城大学の動物実験委員会と教育文化省、スポーツ、科学、技術（文部科学省）、日本（通知No.71）の両方のガイドラインを満たしました。プロトコルの完全な概要を図1に示されています。 1.装置<ol><li> 、そして「社会的敗北（SD）」ケージ（W×D×（[D]は、高さ[H] = 148ミリメートル×293ミリメートル×143ミリメ?...

<ol>
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Res. 44 (5), 302-309 (2010).</li><li>Tao, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Examining+the+relationship+between+lifetime+stressful+life+events+and+the+onset+of+major+depression+in+Chinese+women.">Examining the relationship between lifetime stressful life events and the onset of major depression in Chinese women.</a> J. Affect. Disord. 135 (1-3), 95-99 (2011).</li><li>Valente, S., Fisher, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recognizing+and+managing+psychogenic+polydipsia+in+mental+health.">Recognizing and managing psychogenic polydipsia in mental health.</a> J. 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標準CSDSプロトコル19（日あたりの侵略との物理的接触の5〜10分）にかけsCSDSマウスとCSDSのマウスとの間の体重の決定的な差がありました。標準CSDSマウスは、ストレス期間21,22,23の間に体重の減少を示したsCSDSマウスは、ストレス期間中BWGの増加を示しました。 10日間のストレス期間中の侵略者との物理的接触の全持続時間の点で、2つのプロトコル間の実質的な違いがあります...

ストレスの多いイベントの多くの種類は、人間の生涯を通じて発生します。過度のストレスは、多くの場合、ヒトおよび動物における有害な生理学的結果につながります。ヒトでは、ストレスの多い出来事は、うつ病などの精神障害1を沈殿させるための主要な危険因子です。疾患研究の世界的負担は、うつ病は障害2と住んでいた障害調整生存年数（DALYs）と年の点で最も無効疾患の一つであることが示されました。また、うつ病は自殺DALYs 3の最も大きな割合を占めています。うつ病に苦しんでいる人々は、それが難しい自分たちの生活を管理するために見つけ、その結果、生活の質がしばしば悪化します。したがって、これらの患者の生活の質を改善するために効果的な治療法を開発する強い必要性が存在します。 多くの研究は、大うつ病性障害に対して実行されており、疾患に対する遺伝的寄与ことを明らかにしたsusceptibilityは小さな効果4の複数の遺伝子座の効果によって説明されて約30〜40％です。そのため、うつ病の根底にある複雑な病原性のメカニズムの、疾患の詳細な病因は、とらえどころのないまま。臨床報告は減少し、体重増加を示し、このようなメランコリーおよび非定型うつ病5とうつ病のサブタイプは、それぞれ6が存在することを示しています。 25〜30％とうつ病の患者15〜30％が純粋なメランコリーと非定型の特徴を表しているが、それぞれ、それらのほとんどは、両方のサブタイプ7の混合機能を備えています。そのため、大うつ病は症状の広い範囲を持っています。バイオマーカーを発見し、ヒトにおけるうつ病の様々なタイプの客観的治療薬を開発するためには、うつ病8のいくつかの異なる動物モデルを確立することが重要です。 うつ病の動物モデルを学習を含むいくつかのアプローチを使用して確立されています無力感、慢性予測不可能な軽度のストレス、および慢性社会的敗北ストレス（CSDS）9-12。豊田らは、うつ病に関連付けられている代謝や行動を解明するために、ラットとマウス13-17のCSDSモデルを確立しました。うつ病の動物モデルは、顔の有効性18によって評価されることを考えると、モデルが確立されているコンテキストが重要です。また、ゴールデンら 19は、詳細にCSDSマウスを作成するための方法を報告しました。これは、CSDSマウスの社会的行動の欠損は、慢性治療により回復し、なく抗うつ薬での急性治療によって、それらは脳由来神経栄養性の調節の観点からうつ病を有する患者のものと類似した症状を共有することができることが知られています因子 6。 後藤ら 13は、以前の方法を変更することにより、亜慢性および軽度の社会的敗北ストレス（sCSDS）マウスモデルを開発しましたゴールデンら 19。 sCSDSマウスは体重増加と体水分量13の利益以下polydipsia-と過食症に似た症状を示します。このレポートでは、sCSDSマウスモデルを確立するためのプロトコルが提供されており、我々はこのモデルの有用性を議論します。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>single cage</td>
			<td>Charles River Laboratories Japan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>width [W] &#215; depth [D] &#215; height [H] = 143 &#215; 293 &#215; 148 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>M cage</td>
			<td>Natsume Seisakusho</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>W &#215; D &#215; H = 220 &#215; 320 &#215; 135 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Whiteflake</td>
			<td>Charles River Laboratories Japan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Wood-shaving chips made from spruce trees</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AIN-93G</td>
			<td>Oriental Yeast</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>purified-diet food pellets</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kimtowel</td>
			<td>Nippon Paper Crecia Co.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Paper towels</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>open-field arena</td>
			<td>O&#8217;Hara &#38; Co.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>made of gray polyvinylchloride</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a mouse model of subchronic and mild social defeat stress for understanding stress-induced behavioral and physiological deficits

Stressful life events often increase the incidence of depression in humans. To study the mechanisms of depression, the development of animal models of depression is essential. Because there are several types of depression, various animal models are needed for a deeper understanding of the disorder. Previously, a mouse model of subchronic and mild social defeat stress (sCSDS) using a modified chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) paradigm was established. In the paradigm, to reduce physical injuries from aggressors, the duration of physical contact between the aggressor and a subordinate was reduced compared to in the original CSDS paradigm. sCSDS mice showed increased body weight gain, food intake, and water intake during the stress period, and their social behaviors were suppressed after the stress period. In terms of the face validity of the stress-induced overeating and overdrinking following the increased body weight gain, the sCSDS mice may show some features related to atypical depression in humans. Thus, a mouse model of sCSDS may be useful for studying the pathogenic mechanisms underlying depression. This protocol will help establish the sCSDS mouse model, especially for studying the mechanisms underlying stress-induced weight gain and polydipsia- and hyperphagia-like symptoms.

10日間の期間にわたってのための物理的ストレスの程度を監視するには、ICRマウスによる攻撃に刺されの数を手動で研究者によってカウントした。 図5（a）は、受信攻撃刺さ数の個々の値を示しています。そこ早期（1日目に約10〜120刺さ）にはかなりのばらつきがあったが、この変動は、後の段階（10日目に約5-20刺さ）に減少した。 図5（b）は、攻撃刺されの平均数...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Mouse Model of Subchronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress for Understanding Stress-induced Behavioral and Physiological Deficits at JoVE.com

A Mouse Model of Subchronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress for Understanding Stress-induced Behavioral and Physiological Deficits

ここでは、亜慢性軽度ソーシャル敗北ストレスのマウスモデルを開発するための方法が記載され、体重増加、以下hyperphagia-および多渇症様症状を含むうつ病の病原性の特徴を調べるために使用されます。

ストレスによって誘発される行動や生理障害を理解するための亜慢性マイルド社会敗北ストレスのマウスモデル

Stressful life events often increase the incidence of depression in humans. To study the mechanisms of depression, the development of animal models of ...

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げっ歯類の授乳でモデル産後うつ病への慢性的社会的ストレスを使用

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げっ歯類での抑うつ症状を扇動、行動の変化と負の健康アウトカムのための予測不可能な慢性的な軽度のストレスプロトコル

Chronic, unresolved stress is a major risk factor for the development of clinical depression. While many preclinical models of stress-induced depression ...

Detecting Behavioral Deficits in Rats After Traumatic Brain Injury

外傷性脳損傷後のラットの行動の赤字を検出

With the increasing incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in both civilian and military populations, TBI is now considered a chronic disease; however, ...

The Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Inducing Anhedonia in Mice

マウスで無快感を誘導するため予測不可能な慢性的な軽度ストレス プロトコル

Depression is a highly prevalent and debilitating condition, only partially addressed by current pharmacotherapies. The lack of response to treatment by ...

Stress-Enhanced Fear Learning, a Robust Rodent Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

恐怖のストレス強化学習、心的外傷後ストレス障害の堅牢な齧歯動物モデル

Fear behaviors are important for survival, but disproportionately high levels of fear can increase the vulnerability for developing psychiatric disorders ...

A Visual Guide for Studying Behavioral Defenses to Pathogen Attacks in Leaf-Cutting Ants

病原体の防御行動を研究するための視覚的なガイドの剪葉アリの攻撃します。

The complex lifestyle, evolutionary history of advanced cooperation, and disease defenses of leaf-cutting ants are well studied. Although numerous studies ...