Name: a mouse model of subchronic and mild social defeat stress for understanding stress-induced behavioral and physiological deficits
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Mouse Model of Subchronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress for Understanding Stress-induced Behavioral and Physiological Deficits at JoVE.com

Os autores agradecem Drs. Kentaro Nagaoka (Universidade de Tóquio de Agricultura e Tecnologia) e Wataru Iio (Ibaraki) para a discussão útil. Esta pesquisa foi apoiada em parte por Ibaraki University Cooperação entre Agricultura e Ciências Médicas (IUCAM) (A MEXT, Japão) e do Projeto de Pesquisa sobre o Desenvolvimento de Produtos e Alimentos com benefícios de promoção da sanidade agropecuária (NARO) (O MAFF, Japão) .

Os estudos com animais foram aprovados pelo e cumpridas as orientações, tanto do Animal Care e Use Committee da Universidade de Ibaraki e do Ministério da Educação Cultura, Desporto, Ciência e Tecnologia (MEXT), Japão (Notificação No.71). Uma descrição completa do protocolo é demonstrado na Figura 1. 1. Aparelho <ol><li> Prepare dois tipos de gaiolas: uma única gaiola (largura [W] × profundidade [D] × altura [H] = 143 milímetros × 293 mil?...

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Houve diferenças definitivas no peso corporal entre sCSDS ratos e camundongos CSDS submetidos ao protocolo padrão CSDS (5 a 10 min de contato físico com os agressores por dia) 19. Os ratos mostraram aumento sCSDS BWG durante o período de stress, enquanto que os camundongos normais CSDS mostraram uma diminuição no peso corporal durante o período de estresse 21,22,23. Há uma diferença substancial entre os dois protocolos em termos da duração total do contato físico com os agressores duran...

Muitos tipos de eventos estressantes ocorrem ao longo da vida dos seres humanos. O estresse excessivo muitas vezes leva a conseqüências fisiológicas prejudiciais em humanos e animais. Nos seres humanos, eventos estressantes são os principais fatores de risco para a precipitação de transtornos psiquiátricos, como depressão 1. A Global Burden of Disease estudo indicaram que a depressão é uma das doenças mais incapacitantes em termos de anos de vida ajustados por incapacidade (DALY) e anos vividos com incapacidade 2. Além disso, a depressão representa a maior proporção de DALYs suicidas 3. Pessoas que sofrem de depressão têm dificuldade em gerir as suas vidas, e, como resultado, sua qualidade de vida, muitas vezes piora. Por conseguinte, existe uma forte necessidade de desenvolver agentes terapêuticos eficazes para melhorar a qualidade de vida desses pacientes. Muitos estudos têm sido realizados sobre os principais transtornos depressivos, e revelaram que a contribuição genética para a doença susceptibility é de cerca de 30-40%, a qual é explicada pelos efeitos de múltiplos loci de efeitos pequenos 4. Por causa dos mecanismos patogénicos subjacentes complexos depressão, a etiologia detalhada da doença permanece elusiva. Os relatórios clínicos indicam que existem subtipos de depressão, como melancólico e atípico depressão 5, que mostram reduzidas e aumento de peso corporal, respectivamente 6. Apesar de 25-30% e 15-30% dos pacientes com depressão representam características melancólicas e atípicos puros, respectivamente, a maioria deles tem características em comum de ambos os subtipos 7. Por conseguinte, a depressão major tem uma ampla variedade de sintomas. A fim de encontrar e desenvolver terapêuticas biomarcadores objectivas para os vários tipos de depressão em seres humanos, é importante estabelecer diversos modelos animais diferentes da depressão 8. Os modelos animais de depressão foram estabelecidas usando várias aproximações incluindo aprendidodesamparo, estresse leve crônico imprevisível e estresse social derrota crônica (CSDS) 9-12. Toyoda e colaboradores estabeleceram os modelos CSDS de ratos e ratinhos de 13-17, a fim de elucidar o metabolismo e comportamentos que estão associados com a depressão. Tendo em conta que modelos animais de depressão são avaliados pela validade de face 18, o contexto em que o modelo está estabelecido é importante. Além disso, Golden et al. 19 relataram os métodos para a criação de ratinhos CSDS em detalhe. Sabe-se que as deficiências de comportamento social de ratinhos CSDS pode ser recuperado por tratamento crónico, mas não pelo tratamento agudo com antidepressivos, e que eles compartilham sintomas semelhantes aos dos doentes com depressão, em termos da regulação da neurotrófico derivado do cérebro fator de seis. Goto et al. 13 previamente desenvolvido o subcrónica e leve estresse social derrota (sCSDS) modelo de mouse, modificando os métodosde Golden et al. 19. Os ratos sCSDS mostrar sintomas polydipsia- e hiperfagia-like seguintes ganhos de peso corporal e índice de água aumentou corpo 13. Neste relatório, o protocolo para o estabelecimento do modelo de rato sCSDS é fornecido e discutimos a utilidade deste modelo.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>single cage</td>
			<td>Charles River Laboratories Japan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>width [W] &#215; depth [D] &#215; height [H] = 143 &#215; 293 &#215; 148 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>M cage</td>
			<td>Natsume Seisakusho</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>W &#215; D &#215; H = 220 &#215; 320 &#215; 135 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Whiteflake</td>
			<td>Charles River Laboratories Japan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Wood-shaving chips made from spruce trees</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AIN-93G</td>
			<td>Oriental Yeast</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>purified-diet food pellets</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kimtowel</td>
			<td>Nippon Paper Crecia Co.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Paper towels</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>open-field arena</td>
			<td>O&#8217;Hara &#38; Co.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>made of gray polyvinylchloride</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a mouse model of subchronic and mild social defeat stress for understanding stress-induced behavioral and physiological deficits

Stressful life events often increase the incidence of depression in humans. To study the mechanisms of depression, the development of animal models of depression is essential. Because there are several types of depression, various animal models are needed for a deeper understanding of the disorder. Previously, a mouse model of subchronic and mild social defeat stress (sCSDS) using a modified chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) paradigm was established. In the paradigm, to reduce physical injuries from aggressors, the duration of physical contact between the aggressor and a subordinate was reduced compared to in the original CSDS paradigm. sCSDS mice showed increased body weight gain, food intake, and water intake during the stress period, and their social behaviors were suppressed after the stress period. In terms of the face validity of the stress-induced overeating and overdrinking following the increased body weight gain, the sCSDS mice may show some features related to atypical depression in humans. Thus, a mouse model of sCSDS may be useful for studying the pathogenic mechanisms underlying depression. This protocol will help establish the sCSDS mouse model, especially for studying the mechanisms underlying stress-induced weight gain and polydipsia- and hyperphagia-like symptoms.

Para monitorizar o grau de stress físico ao longo dos períodos de 10 dias, o número de picadas de ataque em ratos ICR foi contado manualmente por um investigador. A Figura 5A indica os valores individuais para o número de picadas de ataque recebidos. Houve grande variabilidade na fase inicial (cerca de 10-120 mordidas no dia 1), mas essa variabilidade foi reduzida na fase posterior (aproximadamente 5-20 mordidas no dia 10). Figura 5B indica que o número médio de ataque bites receb...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Mouse Model of Subchronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress for Understanding Stress-induced Behavioral and Physiological Deficits at JoVE.com

A Mouse Model of Subchronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress for Understanding Stress-induced Behavioral and Physiological Deficits

Aqui, métodos para desenvolver um modelo de mouse subcrónica e leve estresse derrota social são descritas e utilizadas para investigar as características patogênicas de depressão, incluindo hyperphagia- e sintomas polidipsia-like seguintes aumento do peso corporal.

Um modelo de mouse subcrónica e Mild Derrota social Estresse para Compreender déficits comportamentais e fisiológicas induzida por estresse

Stressful life events often increase the incidence of depression in humans. To study the mechanisms of depression, the development of animal models of ...

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