Name: t cells capture bacteria by transinfection from dendritic cells
Uploaded: 2016-01-13T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about T Cells Capture Bacteria by Transinfection from Dendritic Cells at JoVE.com

This work was supported by grants BFU2011-29450, BFU2008-04342/BMC from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and PIES201020I046 from Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient&#236;ficas (CSIC).

Nota: le procedure sperimentali sono state approvate dal Comitato per la Ricerca Etica della Universidad Autonoma de Madrid e condotto sotto la supervisione della Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Responsabile del benessere degli animali e la salute in conformità alle linee guida spagnole ed europee. I topi sono stati allevati in specifico gratuito (SPF) abitazioni patogeno e sono stati sacrificati da personale addestrato e qualificato che utilizzano anidride carbonica (CO 2) metodo di inalazione. <p class=...

<ol>
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Cellule T o linfociti T sono un tipo di leucociti che svolgono un ruolo centrale nella immunità cellulo-mediata e appartenenti alla risposta immunitaria adattativa 26. Le cellule T sono refrattari alla infezione in vitro, ma alcuni rapporti indicano che possono essere infettati in vivo 14,15. I contatti intimi delle cellule APC e T durante sinapsi immune fungono da piattaforme per lo scambio di materiale biologico 13, tra cui alcuni virus come l&#39;HIV 11. ...

Quando un agente patogeno infetta il suo ospite, di solito c&#39;è una attivazione delle risposte immunitarie innate e adattative, necessari per la liquidazione dei batteri. L&#39;immunità innata è la prima linea di difesa che impedisce maggior parte delle infezioni. L&#39;immunità innata distinguere in precisi elementi di modo che si conservano tra grandi gruppi di microrganismi (modelli molecolari associati ai patogeni, PAMPs) 1. I meccanismi dell&#39;immunità innata sono barriere fisiche come la pelle, i prodotti chimici barriere (peptidi antimicrobici, lisozima) ed i leucociti innate, che includono fagociti (macrofagi, neutrofili e cellule dendritiche), mastociti, eosinofili, basofili, e le cellule natural killer 2. Queste cellule identificare ed eliminare gli agenti patogeni, sia attaccandoli per contatto o tramite fagocitosi, che comprende patogeno inghiotte e uccisioni. Questo sistema non consente difesa permanente, in contrasto con l&#39;immunità adattativa, che conferisce una memoria immunologica contro pathogens. Il sistema immunitario adattativo è la seconda linea di difesa ed è in grado di riconoscere e reagire ad antigeni specifici di microbica multipla e sostanze non-microbiche 3. I principali componenti del sistema immunitario adattativo sono i linfociti, che includono cellule B e T. Cellule B sono coinvolte nella risposta umorale, secernono anticorpi contro agenti patogeni o proteine ​​esogene. Tuttavia, le cellule T rappresentano l&#39;immunità cellulo-mediata, modulare la risposta immunitaria con citochine secrezione o uccidere cellule del patogeno infettate 4. Le cellule presentanti l&#39;antigene (APC) tra cui le cellule dendritiche e macrofagi, componenti del sistema immunitario innato, in grado di riconoscere gli agenti patogeni batterici fagocitare e componenti di processo in antigeni, che vengono presentati alla superficie cellulare da parte del Complesso Maggiore di Istocompatibilità (MHC) 5-7. Dopo APC hanno fagocitato patogeni, di solito migrano ai nodi linfatici drenante, dove interagiscono con Tcellule. Linfociti T in grado di riconoscere specifici complessi peptide-MHC dai loro recettori delle cellule T. La sinapsi immune (IS) avviene nell&#39;interfaccia tra un antigene APC caricato e un linfocita durante antigene presentazione 8,9. Alcuni batteri possono sopravvivere fagocitosi e diffondere sistematicamente all&#39;interno APC. In questa prospettiva, APC infetti fungono da serbatoi batteriche o &quot;cavalli di Troia&quot; che facilitano la diffusione batterica 10. Il contatto intimo tra APC e linfociti che si svolgono durante il corso di formazione è la funzione anche come piattaforma per lo scambio di parte delle membrane, il materiale genetico e esosomi e può essere dirottato per alcuni virus di infettare le cellule T; questo processo è chiamato transinfection 11-13. Alcuni batteri patogeni (Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica e Shigella flexneri) sono in grado di invadere i linfociti T in vivo e modificare il loro comportamento 14-16. abbiamorecentemente descritto che i linfociti T sono anche in grado di catturare i batteri di transinfection dalle cellule dendritiche precedentemente infettati (DC) nel corso della presentazione dell&#39;antigene 16. T cellule cattura batterica transinfection estremamente più efficace (1,000-4,000x) di infezioni dirette. T cattura cellule patogeni e batteri non patogeni che indica che transinfection è un processo guidato da cellule T. Sorprendentemente, transinfected T (TIT) cellule in rapida ucciso i batteri catturati e lo ha fatto in maniera più efficiente di fagociti professionali 16. Questi risultati, che rompono un dogma di immunologia, mostrano che le cellule dell&#39;immunità adattativa in grado di eseguire le funzioni che erano presumibilmente esclusivo dell&#39;immunità innata. Inoltre, abbiamo dimostrato che le cellule tetta secernono grandi quantità di citochine pro-infiammatorie e proteggono dalle infezioni batteriche in vivo. Qui vi presentiamo i diversi protocolli utilizzati per studiare il processo transinfection battericaun modello di topo. Questo modello è basato sull&#39;impiego di cellule T CD4 + da topi transgenici OTII, che portano una specifica TCR per peptide 323-339 di OVA (OVAp) nel contesto di I-Ab 17 che interagiscono specificamente con l&#39;osso batteri infetti dal midollo DC derivati ​​(BMDCs) 18,19 carichi di OVAp, formando sinapsi immuni stabili. Transinfection cellule T possono essere visualizzati e monitorati mediante microscopia a fluorescenza. Inoltre, la citometria a flusso può essere utilizzato per rilevare le cellule infettate sfruttando la fluorescenza emessa da batteri che esprimono la proteina fluorescente verde (GFP) 16,20. Inoltre, transinfection cellule T può essere quantificata con un approccio più sensibile, il saggio di sopravvivenza gentamicina che permette di misurare un gran numero di eventi. Gentamicina è un antibiotico che non può penetrare cellule eucariotiche. Pertanto, utilizzando questo antibiotico permette la differenziazione dei batteri intracellulari che è sopravvissuto l&#39;antibiotico aggiunta frquelli extracellulari om che sono stati uccisi 21.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="743">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">RPMI</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">SH3025501</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">r-GMCSF</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Peprotech</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">315-03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">LPS</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">SIGMA</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">L2630-10mg</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">Na Pyruvate</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">SH3023901</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">2-ME</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">31350-010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">OVAp OTII (323&#8211;339)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">GenScript</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">---</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">Cell Strainer 70uM</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:104px;">352350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#160;30uM Syringe Filcons Sterile</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td align="right">340598</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">AutoMacs Classic</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">130-088-887</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">Gentamicin</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Normon</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">624601.6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">Transwell</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Costar</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:104px;">3415</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">LB</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Pronadisa</td>
			<td align="right">1231</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">Agar</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Pronadisa</td>
			<td align="right">1800</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:341px;">Paraformaldehyde 16%</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:104px;">15710</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">Triton X-100</td>
			<td style="width:131px;"></td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">CD8 biot</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:104px;">553029</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">IgM Biot</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">ImmunoStep</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">Clone RMM-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">B220 Biot</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:104px;">553086</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">CD19 biot</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td align="right">553784</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">MHC-II Biot (I-A/I-E)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td align="right">553622</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">CD11b biot</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Immunostep</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">11BB-01mg</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">CD11c biot</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Immunostep</td>
			<td>11CB3-01mg</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">DX5 biot</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:104px;">553856</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">Gr-1 biot</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:104px;">553125</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">CD16/CD32</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">ImmunoStep</td>
			<td>M16PU-05MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">anti Salmonella</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">ABD Serotec</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">8209-4006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">CD11cPE</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:104px;">553802</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">CD4-APC</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Tonbo Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">20-0041-U100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Gr-1 APC</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td align="right">553129</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MHC-II (I-A/I-E) FITC</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td align="right">553623</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Alexa-Fluor 647 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Antibody, highly cross-adsorbed</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A-21245</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">CMAC (7-amino-4-chloromethylcoumarin)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Life technologies</td>
			<td>C2110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">BSA</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">SIGMA</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">A7030-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">Streptavidin MicroBeads</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">130-048-101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:341px;">BD FACSCanto II</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">---</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

t cells capture bacteria by transinfection from dendritic cells

Recently, we have shown, contrary to what is described, that CD4+ T cells, the paradigm of adaptive immune cells, capture bacteria from infected dendritic cells (DCs) by a process called transinfection. Here, we describe the analysis of the transinfection process, which occurs during the course of antigen presentation. This process was unveiled by using CD4+ T cells from transgenic OTII mice, which bear a T cell receptor (TCR) specific for a peptide of ovoalbumin (OVAp), which therefore can form stable immune complexes with infected dendritic cells loaded with this specific OVAp. The dynamics of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing bacteria during DC-T cell transmission can be monitored by live-cell imaging and the quantification of bacterial transinfection can be performed by flow cytometry. In addition, transinfection can be quantified by a more sensitive method based in the use of gentamicin, a non-permeable aminoglycoside antibiotic killing extracellular bacteria but not intracellular ones. This classical method has been used previously in microbiology to study the efficiency of bacterial infections. We hereby explain the protocol of the complete process, from the isolation of the primary cells to the quantification of transinfection.

Qui abbiamo descritto come eseguire murine cellule T transinfection batterica dal midollo osseo derivate infetto-DC e come misurare transinfection batterica attraverso due diversi approcci: citofluorimetria e gentamicina sopravvivenza saggio Figura 1 riassume la procedura per ottenere le cellule.. DC sono generate da incubazione delle cellule del midollo osseo con GM-CSF per 9 giorni. Poi, DC sono maturata con LPS per aumentare MHCII sulla sua membrana per caricarli in s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about T Cells Capture Bacteria by Transinfection from Dendritic Cells at JoVE.com

T Cells Capture Bacteria by Transinfection from Dendritic Cells

Qui un protocollo viene presentato per misurare la cattura batterica da parte delle cellule T CD4 + che si verifica durante la presentazione dell&#39;antigene via transinfection dalle cellule dendritiche pre-infettati (DC). Mostriamo come eseguire i passi necessari: isolamento delle cellule primarie, infezione di DC, DC / T formazione coniugato cellulare, e la misura di batteri trasfezione delle cellule T.

Cellule T Capture batteri da Transinfection da cellule dendritiche

Recently, we have shown, contrary to what is described, that CD4+ T cells, the paradigm of adaptive immune cells, capture bacteria from infected dendritic ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda

Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda

A seguito di Cell-destino<em&gt; E. coli</em&gt; Dopo l&#39;infezione da fago lambda

The system comprising bacteriophage (phage) lambda and the bacterium E. coli has long served as a paradigm for cell-fate determination1,2. Following the ...

Ricerca

Immunologia e infezioni

Isolation of Mouse Lung Dendritic Cells

Isolamento di cellule polmonari mouse dendritiche

Lung dendritic cells (DC) play a fundamental role in sensing invading pathogens 1,2 as well as in the control of tolerogenic responses 3 in the ...

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&iuml;ve and Memory T Cells

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human NaÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¯ve and Memory T Cells

Generazione di cellule T regolatrici indotte da cellule primarie umane T naive e memoria

The development and maintenance of immunosuppressive CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to the peripheral tolerance needed to remain in ...

Isolation and Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages from the Mouse Intestine

Isolamento e caratterizzazione di cellule dendritiche ei macrofagi dall&#39;intestino mouse

Within the intestine reside unique populations of innate and adaptive immune cells that are involved in promoting tolerance towards commensal flora and ...

Isolating And Immunostaining Lymphocytes and Dendritic Cells from Murine Peyer's Patches

Isolare e Immunostaining linfociti e le cellule dendritiche da placche di Peyer murino di

Peyer's  patches (PPs) are integral components of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues  (GALT) and play a central role in intestinal immunosurveillance and ...

Isolation of Myeloid Dendritic Cells and Epithelial Cells from Human Thymus

Isolamento di cellule dendritiche mieloidi e cellule epiteliali di timo umano

In this protocol we provide a method to isolate dendritic cells (DC) and epithelial cells (TEC) from the human thymus. DC and TEC are the major antigen ...

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

Valutare l&#39;innato rilevamento dell&#39;infezione da HIV-1 CD4 infetti<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; Cellule T dalle cellule dendritiche plasmacitoidi Utilizzando un<em&gt; Ex vivo</em&gt; Sistema di co-coltura.

HIV-1 innate sensing requires direct contact of infected CD4+ T cells with plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). In order to study this process, the ...

Derivation of T Cells In Vitro from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Derivation of T Cells In Vitro from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Derivazione di cellule T<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Da cellule staminali embrionali di topo

The OP9/OP9-DL1 co-culture system has become a well-established method for deriving differentiated blood cell types from embryonic and hematopoietic ...

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Generazione di Human alloantigene-specifiche cellule T da sangue periferico

The study of human T lymphocyte biology often involves examination of responses to activating ligands. T cells recognize and respond to processed peptide ...

Automated Cell Enrichment of Cytomegalovirus-specific T cells for Clinical Applications using the Cytokine-capture System

Arricchimento cellulare automatizzata di Citomegalovirus specifici linfociti T per le applicazioni cliniche che utilizzano il sistema di citochine cattura

The adoptive transfer of pathogen-specific T cells can be used to prevent and treat opportunistic infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection ...