Name: characterization of nanocrystal size distribution using raman spectroscopy with a multi-particle phonon confinement model
Uploaded: 2015-08-22T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Characterization of Nanocrystal Size Distribution using Raman Spectroscopy with a Multi-particle Phonon Confinement Model at JoVE.com

This work was part of the research programme of the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM), which is part of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). Authors of this work thank M. J. F. van de Sande for skillful technical assistance, M. A. Verheijen for TEM images, and the group of Tom Gregorkiewicz for PL measurements.

1.规划实验<ol><li>合成或获得的利息13（ 图1a）的纳米晶体。 </li><li>通过确保在基片材料不具有在纳米晶体（图1a）的喇曼光谱重叠峰避免与背景信号的任何混淆。 </li><li>打开拉曼光谱设置的激光。等待足够的时间（约15分钟）的激光强度稳定。 </li><li>测量纳米材料的散装参考待分析12（图1b），以下在步骤2中从散装材料的峰值位置中所述的...

<ol>
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首先讨论的焦点是协议中的关键步骤。为了不具有与所关注的材料重叠的峰，它使用另一种类型的衬底材料中提到的步骤1.2是很重要的。例如，如果硅的NC感兴趣，不使用硅衬底的拉曼测量。 图 1中，例如，硅的NC上合成有机玻璃基板，其具有完全平面信号大致围绕感兴趣的范围内， 即 480-530厘米- 1。除了测量堆积的参考信号来估计纳米晶体相关的峰值的移位中提到的?...

半导体纳米晶体提请注意为他们的电子和光学特性可以通过简单地改变它们的范围大小相比，他们各自的激子玻尔半径进行调整。1这些独特的大小相关的功能，使这些纳米晶体相关的各种技术应用。例如，载体乘法效果，观察到当一个高能量光子被的CdSe，Si和葛的纳米晶体吸收，可以在频谱变换在太阳能电池应用的概念被使用; 2 - 4或尺寸相关的光发射PBS-NC的和Si-NC的所用的光可以使用发光二极管（LED）的应用程序。5,6-对纳米晶体尺寸分布的精确知识和控制，因此将发挥上的可靠性的决定因素的作用，这些技术的应用程序基于所述性能在纳米晶体。 常用技术的尺寸d纳米晶体的istribution和形态学分析可以被列为X射线衍射（XRD），透射电子显微镜（TEM），光致发光光谱（PL）和拉曼光谱。 X射线衍射是一种结晶技术，揭示了分析材料的形态信息。从衍射峰的扩大，估计该纳米晶体的大小是可能的，但是7，从而获得清晰的数据通常是耗时的。此外，X射线衍射只能使平均纳米晶体尺寸分布的计算。在多模态粒度分布的存在，大小分析用X射线衍射可以是误导性的，导致错误的解释。 TEM是一个功能强大的技术，使纳米晶体成像8虽然TEM能够揭示在多模态粒度分布各自的分布的存在下，制样问题始终努力的测量之前要花费。此外，工作在密密麻麻纳米晶体合奏不同尺寸是由于个别纳米成像的困难挑战。光致发光光谱（PL）是光学分析技术，和光学活性的纳米晶体可以诊断。从尺寸相关发射得到的纳米晶体的尺寸分布。9由于间接带隙的纳米颗粒，大纳米晶体是不受到限制效应，和缺陷富含小的纳米晶体的差的光学性能不能由PL和观察到的大小来检测分布仅限于纳米晶体具有良好的光学性能。虽然这些上述技术都有其自身的优点，他们都没有满足的期望的能力（即，速度快，非破坏性，并可靠）从和理想化大小分析技术。 的纳米晶体的尺寸分布分析的另一种手段是拉曼光谱。拉曼光谱是广泛使用在大多数实验室的，而且它是一个快速和非破坏性技术。此外，在大多数情况下，是不需要的样品制备。拉曼光谱是一种振动分析的材料的技术，它可用于获得不同的形态（晶体或无定形）的信息，和大小相关的信息（从出现在频谱的声子模式的尺寸相关的移） 10拉曼光谱的独特之处在于，虽然尺寸依赖性变化观察到作为移位的频谱，声子峰的形状（扩大，不对称）给出了关于纳米晶体尺寸分布的形状的信息。因此，在原则上是可能的，以提取必要的信息 ，即，平均尺寸和形状因子，从拉曼光谱得到纳米晶体分析的尺寸分布。在多模态粒度分布的情况下的子分布，也可以单独通过deconvolu识别化实验拉曼光谱。 在文献中，这两种理论通常称为建模纳米晶体尺寸分布上的拉曼光谱的形状的效果。债券极化模式（BPM）11描述了从规模内的所有债券的贡献纳米晶体的极化。单粒子声子约束模型（PCM）10使用尺寸相关的物理变量， 即 ，晶体动量，声子频率和分散性，并限制的程度，以限定纳米晶体的拉曼光谱具有特定的大小。由于这些物理变量取决于大小，PCM的可明确地公式化为纳米晶体尺寸的函数的解析表示可以被定义。因此投射在一个通用尺寸分布函数此表达式将能够考虑尺寸分布的PCM内的效果，它可以用来确定nanocr从实验拉曼光谱ystal尺寸分布。12

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Raman Spectroscopy</td>
			<td>Renishaw</td>
			<td>In Via</td>
			<td>Equipped with 514 nm Ar ion laser</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wire 3.0</td>
			<td>Renishaw</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Raman spectroscopy record tool</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mathematica</td>
			<td>Wolfram</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For fitting function and size determination</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Substrate</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Plexiglass (to avoid signal coincidence with Si-NCs)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Si wafer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Reference to Si-NC peak position</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Photoluminescence Spectroscopy</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>334 nm Ar laser. For optical size distribution.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transmission Electron Microscopy</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Beam intensity 300 kV. For nanocrystal size and morphology determination.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

characterization of nanocrystal size distribution using raman spectroscopy with a multi-particle phonon confinement model

纳米晶体的尺寸分布的分析是它们的大小依赖特性的处理和优化的关键要求。用于大小分析的常用技术是透射电子显微镜（TEM），X射线衍射（XRD）和光致发光光谱（PL）。这些技术，然而，不适合于分析在同一时间以快速，非破坏性的纳米晶体尺寸分布和可靠的方式。我们在这一工作的目的是表明半导体纳米晶体是受尺寸相关声子限制效应的该大小分布，利用拉曼光谱法可以定量估计在非破坏性的，快速和可靠的方式。此外，混合的大小分布可以分别探测，和它们各自的体积比可以使用这种技术来估计。为了分析的粒度分布，我们已形式化的单粒子的PCM和p的解析表达式rojected它到通用分布函数将表示分析纳米晶体的尺寸分布。作为一个模型的实验中，我们已经分析的自由站立的硅纳米晶体（硅NCS）与多模态粒度分布的粒度分布。估计的大小分布是在用TEM和PL结果非常一致，揭示了模型的可靠性。

对于使用拉曼光谱作为一种尺寸的分析工具，模型来提取所需的测量拉曼光谱的大小相关的信息。 图2总结了分析多粒子声子约束模型12全尺寸相关声子约束功能 （图2 c）的投影到一个通用尺寸分布函数（ 图2b），其被选择为对数正态分布函数。给定的幅度（图2 d）中，全宽半值（图2 e）和</str...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Characterization of Nanocrystal Size Distribution using Raman Spectroscopy with a Multi-particle Phonon Confinement Model at JoVE.com

Characterization of Nanocrystal Size Distribution using Raman Spectroscopy with a Multi-particle Phonon Confinement Model

我们展示了如何使用拉曼光谱法采用一种解析定义的多声子粒子约束模型，以确定以定量方式的半导体纳米晶体的尺寸分布。得到的结果与像透射电子显微镜和光致发光光谱的其它大小分析技术非常吻合。

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