Name: microelectrode guided implantation of electrodes into the subthalamic nucleus of rats for long-term deep brain stimulation
Uploaded: 2015-10-02T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Microelectrode Guided Implantation of Electrodes into the Subthalamic Nucleus of Rats for Long-term Deep Brain Stimulation at JoVE.com

We wish to thank Mr Wabbel for preparing the wires and Mr Tietsch for constructing the plugs and cages according to our plans. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Sonderforschungsbereich 688). Felix Fluri holds a fellowship of the Interdisziplin&#228;re Zentrum f&#252;r Klinische Forschung (IZKF), University Clinics W&#252;rzburg, Germany.

Dyreforsøg blev godkendt af universitetet Würzburg og de ​​juridiske statslige myndigheder (Unterfranken, godkendelsesnummer: 54-2531.01-102 / 13) og udført i overensstemmelse med anbefalingerne for forskning i eksperimentel slagtilfælde studerer 17 og den aktuelle Animal Research: Indberetning af In vivo Retningslinjer Eksperimenter (http://www.nc3rs.org.uk/arrive-guidelines). 1. Anæstesi <ol><li> Kontroller bedøvende system for at sikre tilstrækkelige mæng...

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<html> Denne undersøgelse viser en trin-for-trin sæt instruktioner til implantering af en monopolær kronisk elektroden i STN hos rotter. Selv wolframelektroder med lav impedans ofte anvendes til DBS 18,19, en monopolar elektrode fremstillet af platin / iridium (Pt / Ir) blev anvendt, der havde en impedans på ca. 1 MW. Pt / Ir elektroder anvendes også hos patienter med Parkinsons sygdom på grund af deres gunstige egenskaber: de viser minimal erosion 20 og ikke producerer relevante vævsbeskadig...

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) er en behandling baseret på levering af elektriske impulser via implanterede elektroder til bestemte cerebrale strukturer, såsom det indre globus pallidus 1, nucleus subthalamicus (STN) 2 - 4 eller ventrale mellemliggende thalamus 5. I de sidste to årtier har denne behandling er etableret som et kraftfuldt terapeutisk værktøj til Parkinsons sygdom 1 - 4, dystoni 6 og tremor 7, og er også anvendes til at modulere kronisk smerte 7, psykiatriske lidelser (dvs., obsessiv-kompulsiv lidelse 8, svær depression 9) eller intraktabel epilepsi 10,11. Desuden DBS måske i fremtiden, bliver en behandlingsmulighed for refraktær arteriel hypertension 12 eller ortostatisk hypotension 13. De fysiologiske mekanismer bag virkningerneaf DBS forbliver dårligt forstået. Studier i bedøvede gnavere har givet indsigt i neurale reaktioner på højfrekvente stimulation, der efterligner klinisk anvendt DBS 14. Men disse undersøgelser ikke blot mangler adfærdsmæssige bekræftelse af DBS effekt, men også resultere i en betydelig variabilitet afhængig af stimuleringsparametre anvendt 14. For at undersøge mere præcist de adfærdsmæssige effekter og underliggende mekanismer i DBS i bevidste gnavere, er behov for en stimulering set-up, der opfylder specifikke krav. DBS er for det meste brugt som en langtidsbehandling (fx Parkinsons sygdom, kroniske smerter). Således bør stimulering set-up i gnavere være udformet således, at enheden består af en elektrode med en prop, samt en ledning fra stikket til en ekstern stimulator; og denne enhed skal være let, men ubrydelig når fast på kraniet. Desuden er uundværlig for rotter under stimula bevægelsesfrihedning over en længere periode. Målet strukturer af DBS er små; for eksempel STN i rotter har en længde på 1,2 mm og et volumen på 0,8 mm 3,15. Derfor skal elektroderne være konstrueret således, at kernen ikke er læderede under indføring og målretning behov for at være præcis. Da de fleste DBS undersøgelser på gnavere har brugt skelsættende baseret stereotaktisk indsættelse af elektroden til målstrukturen, kan fejlraten være relativt højt, selv ved brug af koordinater ifølge Paxinos og Watson 16. Dette resulterer i et større antal dyr nødvendige for at nå en statistisk meningsfuld resultat. I den foreliggende undersøgelse en elektrode implantation teknik indføres, som målretter STN med høj nøjagtighed ved hjælp af en microrecording system, mens fremføring af elektroden. Desuden er et stimulationssystem præsenteret som ikke kun tillader en høj grad af mobilitet for den stimulerede dyr, men også garanterer kontinuerlig stimulatipå via en sikker fiksering af stimuleringen tråd (som er beskyttet af en rustfri stålfjeder) på hovedet på rotten.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Pt/Ir electrode</td>
			<td>FHC Inc.</td>
			<td>UE</td>
			<td>Custom-made: Specification: UEPSEGSECN1M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plugs</td>
			<td>GT Labortechnik (Arnstein/Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Custom-made</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pin header</td>
			<td>DISTRELEC</td>
			<td>143-95-324</td>
			<td>single-row, 90&#176; 1x3 datamate, Type M80-8420342</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Socket</td>
			<td>DISTRELEC</td>
			<td>143-95-621</td>
			<td>single-row,straight 2 mm pole no.1x3 datamate, Type M80-8400342</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless steel spring</td>
			<td>Plastics ONE</td>
			<td>SS0102</td>
			<td>Part-#: .120 X .156 Spring ID (mm): 3.0&#160; Spring OD (mm): 4.0</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dental cement/Paladur</td>
			<td>Heraeus Kulzer</td>
			<td>64707938</td>
			<td>Liquid, 500 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dental cement/Paladur</td>
			<td>Heraeus Kulzer</td>
			<td>64707954</td>
			<td>Powder, rose, 500g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Head screw</td>
			<td>Hummer &#38; Reiss</td>
			<td>V2ADIN84 M1.6x3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Jodosept PVP</td>
			<td>Vetoquinol</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>435678/E04</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mepivacain 1%</td>
			<td>AstraZeneca</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>PZN03338515</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Epinephrine</td>
			<td>Sanofi-Aventis</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>PZN00176118</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tramadolhydrochloride</td>
			<td>Rotexmedica</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>38449.00.00</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

microelectrode guided implantation of electrodes into the subthalamic nucleus of rats for long-term deep brain stimulation

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) er en udbredt og effektiv behandling af flere neurologiske lidelser, såsom idiopatisk Parkinsons sygdom, dystoni eller rysten. DBS er baseret på levering af elektriske stimuli til specifikke dybe anatomiske strukturer af det centrale nervesystem. Men mekanismerne bag effekten af ​​DBS forbliver gådefuld. Dette har ført til en interesse i at undersøge virkningen af ​​DBS i dyremodeller, især i rotter. Som DBS er en langtidsbehandling, bør forskningen være fokuseret på molekylær-genetiske ændringer af neurale kredsløb, der opstår flere uger efter DBS. Langsigtet DBS i rotter er udfordrende, fordi rotterne bevæger sig rundt i deres bur, som forårsager problemer med at holde på plads tråden fører fra lederen af ​​dyret til stimulatoren. Endvidere målstrukturer for stimulering i rottehjernen er små og derfor elektroder kan ikke nemt placeres på den ønskede position. Således er en set-up for langvarig stimulation af rotter under anvendelse platin / iridium elektroder med en impedans på omkring 1 MOhm blev udviklet til denne undersøgelse. En elektrode med disse specifikationer tillader ikke kun tilstrækkelig stimulation, men også optage af dybe hjernens strukturer til at identificere målområdet til DBS. I vores set-up, blev en elektrode med et stik til indlejret i dentalcement med fire forankring skruer fastgøres på kraniet. Ledningen fra stikket til stimulatoren var beskyttet af en rustfri stålfjeder. En drejelig blev forbundet med kredsløbet for at forhindre tråden bliver filtret. Generelt Denne stimulering set-up tilbyder en høj grad af fri bevægelighed for rotter og hovedet i stand til stikket, samt ledningsforbindelse mellem proppen og stimulatoren, at bevare langvarig styrke.

Implantation en elektrode i STN af en rotte under anvendelse af et registreringssystem - som præsenteres her - er en effektiv og nøjagtig procedure for DBS, der tager ca. 1 time per dyr. Denne model er en forholdsvis mindre procedure: ud af 10 rotter udsat for kirurgi, alle overlevede interventionen. Fireogtyve timer efter interventionen blev tilstanden af ​​hver rotte overvåges og ingen dyr opnået mere end 1 ud af 3 point efter, hvor alvorlig koden. I perioden med kontinuerlig stimulering (14 dage, 24 timer om ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Microelectrode Guided Implantation of Electrodes into the Subthalamic Nucleus of Rats for Long-term Deep Brain Stimulation at JoVE.com

Microelectrode Guided Implantation of Electrodes into the Subthalamic Nucleus of Rats for Long-term Deep Brain Stimulation

A method for implanting electrodes into the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of rats is described. Better localization of the STN was achieved by using a microrecording system. Furthermore, a stimulation set-up is presented that is characterized by long-lasting connections between the head of the animal and the stimulator.

Mikroelektrode Guidet Implantation af elektroder ind i nucleus subthalamicus af rotter for Langsigtet Deep Brain Stimulation

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a widely used and effective therapy for several neurologic disorders, such as idiopathic Parkinson&#8217;s disease, ...

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