Name: a hormone-responsive 3d culture model of the human mammary gland epithelium
Uploaded: 2016-02-07T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Hormone-responsive 3D Culture Model of the Human Mammary Gland Epithelium at JoVE.com

Noi apprezziamo molto i contributi editoriali di Cheryl Schaeberle. Questa ricerca è stata sostenuta da sovvenzioni Avon # 02-2009-093 e 02-2011-095, e NIEHS / NIH ES 08314 di AMS. Il contenuto è di esclusiva responsabilità degli autori e non rappresentano necessariamente il punto di vista ufficiale del National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences o il National Institutes of Health.

1. Preparazione dei reagenti <ol><li> Sciogliere il promegestone sintetico progestinico (R5020) e 17-β-estradiolo (E2) in etanolo per fare 10 -3 soluzioni madre M. Sciogliere prolattina in acqua deionizzata distillata per fare un / Soluzione 1 mg ml. Sciogliere il antiestrogeno ICI 182,780 in DMSO per ottenere una soluzione stock 10 -2 M. Conservare queste soluzioni a -20 ° C per un massimo di 6 mesi. </li><li> Carbone destrano (CD) messo a nudo siero e medie CDFBS: <ol><li> Calore inattivare s...

<ol>
	<li>Barnes, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+single+cells+to+tissues:+interactions+between+the+matrix+and+human+breast+cells+in+real+time.">From single cells to tissues: interactions between the matrix and human breast cells in real time.</a> PLoS ONE. 9, e93325 (2014).</li><li>Berthois, Y., Katzenellenbogen, J. A., Katzenellenbogen, B. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phenol+red+in+tissue+culture+is+a+weak+estrogen:+implications+concerning+the+study+of+estrogen+responsive+cells+in+culture.">Phenol red in tissue culture is a weak estrogen: implications concerning the study of estrogen responsive cells in culture.</a> Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.USA. 83, 2496-2500 (1986).</li><li>Chalbos, D., Vignon, F., Keydar, I., Rochefort, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Estrogens+stimulate+cell+proliferation+and+induce+secretory+proteins+in+a+human+breast+cancer+cell+line+(T47D).">Estrogens stimulate cell proliferation and induce secretory proteins in a human breast cancer cell line (T47D).</a> J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab. 55, 276-283 (1982).</li><li>Dhimolea, E., Maffini, M. V., Soto, A. M., Sonnenschein, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+collagen+reorganization+on+mammary+epithelial+morphogenesis+in+a+3D+culture+model.">The role of collagen reorganization on mammary epithelial morphogenesis in a 3D culture model.</a> Biomaterials. 31, 3622-3630 (2010).</li><li>Dhimolea, E., Soto, A. M., Sonnenschein, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Breast+epithelial+tissue+morphology+is+affected+in+3D+cultures+by+species-specific+collagen-based+extracellular+matrix.">Breast epithelial tissue morphology is affected in 3D cultures by species-specific collagen-based extracellular matrix.</a> J.Biomed.Mat.Res.A. 100, 2905-2912 (2012).</li><li>Krause, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dual+regulation+of+breast+tubulogenesis+using+extracellular+matrix+composition+and+stromal+cells.">Dual regulation of breast tubulogenesis using extracellular matrix composition and stromal cells.</a> Tissue Eng Part A. 18, 520-532 (2012).</li><li>Krause, S., Maffini, M. V., Soto, A. M., Sonnenschein, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+3D+in+vitro.+culture+model+to+study+stromal-epithelial+interactions+in+the+mammary+gland.">A novel 3D in vitro. culture model to study stromal-epithelial interactions in the mammary gland.</a> Tissue Eng.Part C Methods. 14, 261-271 (2008).</li><li>Krause, S., Maffini, M. V., Soto, A. M., Sonnenschein, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+microenvironment+determines+the+breast+cancer+cells'+phenotype:+organization+of+MCF7+cells+in+3D+cultures.">The microenvironment determines the breast cancer cells' phenotype: organization of MCF7 cells in 3D cultures.</a> BMC Cancer. 10, 263-275 (2010).</li><li>Lee, G. Y., Kenny, P. A., Lee, E. H., Bissell, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+culture+models+of+normal+and+malignant+breast+epithelial+cells.">Three-dimensional culture models of normal and malignant breast epithelial cells.</a> Nat.Methods. 4, 359-365 (2007).</li><li>Martinson, H. A., Jindal, S., Durand-Rougely, C., Borges, V. F., Schedin, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wound+healing-like+immune+program+facilitates+postpartum+mammary+gland+involution+and+tumor+progression.">Wound healing-like immune program facilitates postpartum mammary gland involution and tumor progression.</a> Int.J.Cancer. , (2014).</li><li>Soto, A. M., Murai, J. T., Siiteri, P. K., Sonnenschein, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+cell+proliferation:+evidence+for+negative+control+on+estrogen-sensitive+T47D+human+breast+cancer+cells.">Control of cell proliferation: evidence for negative control on estrogen-sensitive T47D human breast cancer cells.</a> Cancer Res. 46, 2271-2275 (1986).</li><li>Speroni, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hormonal+regulation+of+epithelial+organization+in+a+3D+breast+tissue+culture+model.">Hormonal regulation of epithelial organization in a 3D breast tissue culture model.</a> Tissue Eng.Part C Methods. 20, 42-51 (2014).</li><li>Vignon, F., Bardon, S., Chalbos, D., Rochefort, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antiestrogenic+effect+of+R5020,+a+synthetic+progestin+in+human+breast+cancer+cells+in+culture.">Antiestrogenic effect of R5020, a synthetic progestin in human breast cancer cells in culture.</a> J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab. 56, 1124-1130 (1983).</li></ol>

Here, we describe a hormone-sensitive 3D culture model to test the action of hormones on breast epithelium. The response to hormones can be assessed at the tissue morphology, cell proliferation and gene expression levels 12. One limitation of this technique is that visualization during the culture period is restricted to light microscopy since the cultures are grown in a plastic bottom plate. The 3D culture system could be adapted to glass bottom plates to allow for live imaging of the cultures 1.</...

Diversamente culture standard 2D, modelli surrogati di coltura cellulare 3D permettono lo studio del comportamento delle cellule epiteliali in un contesto fisiologicamente rilevanti, uno simile a un tessuto. culture 3D della ghiandola mammaria hanno contribuito a chiarire molti aspetti dello sviluppo della ghiandola mammaria e neoplasie. Tuttavia, la maggior parte dei modelli di coltura 3D attualmente disponibili non sono adatti per studiare l&#39;azione ormonale perché le linee di cellule epiteliali umane utilizzate per l&#39;attività carenti dell&#39;ormone del recettore espressione 6,7,9. Qui, descriviamo un modello di coltura 3D dell&#39;epitelio mammario umano che è adatto per studiare l&#39;azione dell&#39;ormone 12. Questo modello utilizza la linea commercialmente disponibile ormono-sensibile umano epiteliali seno cellule, T47D 3,11,13, originariamente derivato da un versamento pleurico ottenuto da 54 anni paziente con un carcinoma duttale infiltrante della mammella. Usiamo ratto collagene coda di tipo 1 come matrice. Questo culto 3DModello ure è appropriato per lo studio dell&#39;azione dei tre principali ormoni mammotropic (estradiolo, promegestone (un analogo di progesterone), e prolattina) sulle cellule epiteliali del seno umane. Ormone-indotta morfologia epiteliale può essere valutata quantitativamente nel tempo da analisi morfometrica 12. Una densità di semina adeguato permette a queste culture 3D per essere conservati per 2 settimane. A questo punto, lo sviluppo di strutture è sufficiente per un robusto valutazione quantitativa dell&#39;azione ormonale sulla morfologia epiteliale. I gel possono essere raccolte in momenti precedenti per la proliferazione cellulare e le analisi di espressione genica. Inoltre, questo modello è adatto per testare gli effetti di un trattamento ormonale sequenziale; per esempio, dopo il trattamento con estradiolo durante la prima settimana e la sostituzione con altro ormone / combinazione di ormoni durante la settimana seguente. L&#39;effetto dei composti estrogenici e antiestrogeni, come ICI 182,780, può anche essere Stuè morto con questa cultura modello 3D 12.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1344">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">12-well Tissue Culture Plates (Falcon)</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">08-772-29</td>
			<td style="width:488px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">15 ml polystyrene conical Tubes</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">14-959-49D</td>
			<td style="width:488px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Activated Charcoal</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">C-5510</td>
			<td style="width:488px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Carmine Alum</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">C1022-100G</td>
			<td style="width:488px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Collagenase, Type 3</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Worthington</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">S0C11784</td>
			<td style="width:488px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Confocal Microscope</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">LSM510</td>
			<td style="width:488px;">Equiped with HeNe 633nm laser</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Dextran T-70</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Abersham/Pharmacia</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">17-0280-01</td>
			<td style="width:488px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">DMEM/F-12, HEPES, no phenol red&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">11339-021</td>
			<td style="width:488px;">Phenol red-free media for hormone use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:22px;width:436px;">DMEM, low glucose, pyruvate, no glutamine, no phenol red</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">11054-020</td>
			<td style="width:488px;">Phenol red-free media for hormone use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">17-&#946;-Estradiol</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">EMD Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">3301</td>
			<td style="width:488px;">Dissolved in Ethanol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Koptec</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">V1001</td>
			<td style="width:488px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Hyclone</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">SH30070.03</td>
			<td style="width:488px;">For use with hormones, must be Charcoal Dextran stripped&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Filters (115ml)</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Nalgene</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">380-0080, 245-0045, 120-0020</td>
			<td style="width:488px;">0.88, 0.45, 0.20 micron, respectively&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Formalin, 10%</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">SF93-20</td>
			<td style="width:488px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">L-Glutamine (200 mM)</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">25030-081</td>
			<td style="width:488px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">ICI 182,780 (fulvestrant)</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">I4409-25MG</td>
			<td style="width:488px;">Dissolved in DMSO</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Microtome&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">RM2155</td>
			<td style="width:488px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Tissue embedding media</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">McCormick Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">39502004</td>
			<td style="width:488px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Penicillin</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">7794-10MU</td>
			<td style="width:488px;">Dissolved in 10 ml of distilled deionized water</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Permount</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">SP15-500</td>
			<td style="width:488px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Phosphate Buffered Saline pH 7.4</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">P3813-10PAK</td>
			<td style="width:488px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Prolactin</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">L4021-50UG</td>
			<td style="width:488px;">Dissolved in distilled deionized water</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Promegestone</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Perkin Elmer</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">NLP004005MG</td>
			<td style="width:488px;">Dissolved in Ethanol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Rat-Tail Collagen&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Corning&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">354236</td>
			<td style="width:488px;">Lots may contain varying concentrations, note accordingly</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Scalpel</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Miltex</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">4311</td>
			<td style="width:488px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Semi-enclosed Benchtop Tissue Processor</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">TP1020</td>
			<td style="width:488px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Sodium Hydroxide</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">S5881</td>
			<td style="width:488px;">Prepare 1N NaOH stock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">StaticMaster Anti-static brush&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Amstat</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">C3500</td>
			<td style="width:488px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Stripette Serological Pipettes&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Corning&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">4101</td>
			<td style="width:488px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">T-25 flasks</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Corning&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">430168</td>
			<td style="width:488px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Tissue Cassettes</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">15-200-403E</td>
			<td style="width:488px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Wheaton Vials, Glass, 20mL</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">03-341-25D&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:488px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:436px;">Xylene&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">95057-822</td>
			<td style="width:488px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a hormone-responsive 3d culture model of the human mammary gland epithelium

The process of mammary epithelial morphogenesis is influenced by hormones. The study of hormone action on the breast epithelium using 2D cultures is limited to cell proliferation and gene expression endpoints. However, in the organism, mammary morphogenesis occurs in a 3D environment. 3D culture systems help bridge the gap between monolayer cell culture (2D) and the complexity of the organism. Herein, we describe a 3D culture model of the human breast epithelium that is suitable to study hormone action. It uses the commercially available hormone-responsive human breast epithelial cell line, T47D, and rat tail collagen type 1 as a matrix. This 3D culture model responds to the main mammotropic hormones: estradiol, progestins and prolactin. The influence of these hormones on epithelial morphogenesis can be observed after 1- or 2-week treatment according to the endpoint. The 3D cultures can be harvested for analysis of epithelial morphogenesis, cell proliferation and gene expression.

La Figura 1 riassume il procedimento per la preparazione delle culture 3D ormone-sensibile. strutture epiteliali sono osservati in interi monti del gel in coltura per 2 settimane in presenza di E2 da solo e in combinazione con altri ormoni. Solo le cellule singole o gruppi di 2-3 cellule sono presenti quando ormoni vengono aggiunti al mezzo di coltura (media CDFBS) (Figura 2). Questa condizione serve come controllo negativo. Le cellule in strutture di forma ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Hormone-responsive 3D Culture Model of the Human Mammary Gland Epithelium at JoVE.com

A Hormone-responsive 3D Culture Model of the Human Mammary Gland Epithelium

We describe a 3D culture model of the human breast epithelium that is suitable to study hormone action.

Una cultura Modello 3D Ormone-sensibile della Human ghiandola mammaria Epithelium

The process of mammary epithelial morphogenesis is influenced by hormones. The study of hormone action on the breast epithelium using 2D cultures is ...

The overall goal of this physiologically-relevant 3D culture method, is to test the action of the main mammogenic hormones on mammary epithelial morphogenesis. This method can help answer key questions in the endocrinology and mammary gland biology fields, such as how do estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin influence mammary epithelial morphogenesis. The main advantage of this standardized method is that hormone-sensitive mammary epithethial cells form 3D structures in response to hormones, in a manner similar to what is observed in vivo.The implications of this technique extend toward breast cancer therapies, as it is a physiologically-relevant culture system of the complex human breast epithelium. We first had the idea for this method because we notice how lack of standardized in vitro models for studying how human breast morphogenesis is influenced by hormones. Begin by counting the number of cells in a single cell suspension of T47D cells.The way the cells are maintained is critical for retention of hormone-responsive phenotypes. We recommend frequent checks for a trial responsiveness in the T47D cells, on the fourth passage after thawing a new vial, and every ten passages thereafter. Then spin down 75, 000 cells per gel.And use a cold pipette to gently resuspend the pellet in 1.5 milliliters of collagen per gel without bubbles. Next, use a static-reducing brush to wipe the borders top and bottom of a 12-well plate. And place the plate on top of another empty static-reduced 12-well plate.The presence of static electricity during the preparation of the gel may affect the distribution of the cells, causing cells to sink to the bottom during gel laying, and grow as a 2D model layer. When the plate is ready, gently more 1.5 milliliters of the cell collagen mixture into each well. And place the plate in a 37 degree Celsius incubator.After 30 minutes, add 1.5 milliliters of freshly-prepared cdFBS medium supplemented with hormones to each well. And use a sterile P200 pipette tip to carefully detach each gel from the border of the well with a gentle circular motion. Then, place the 3D cultures in a 37 degree Celsius, 5%CO2, 100%humidity tissue culture incubator for one to two weeks, changing the media every two days.To process the gels for whole mounting, replace the medium in each well with 1.5 milliliters of PBS. Then, transfer one gel at a time to a slide, and use a curved surgical blade to cut each gel in half. Transfer one half of the gels to individual slides to try.After five minutes, fix the gels in 10%formalin on a shaker overnight. The next morning, wash the gels two times with PBS for ten minutes each on the shaker. After the second wash, incubate the gels in 70%ethanol for one hour on the shaker, followed by an overnight incubation in filtered carmine alum overnight.The next day, dehydrate the gels in progressive ethanol solutions while shaking for one hour each, followed by two one-hour shaking incubations in xylene. After the final xylene incubation, mount the gels with toluene-based mounting medium, and cover them with 1.5 millimeter thick cover slips. To process the gels for histological analysis, place the saved gel halves in individual 20 milliliters glass vials of 10%formalin for overnight fixation on the shaker.The next morning, wash the gels two times in PBS for ten minutes while shaking, as just demonstrated. Then, place the gels in processing cassettes for paraffin embedding. Next, dehydrate the gels in progressive ethanol incubations for one hour each as indicated, using fresh ethanol for each incubation.Then, incubate the gels in xylene for two one-hour incubations, and transfer the cassettes into paraffin for three one-hour incubations at 60 degrees Celsius in a vacuum incubator, using fresh paraffin each time. After the last vacuum incubation, remove the gel from the cassette and place in a plastic mold. Fill the mold with fresh paraffin, and cover the mold with the cassette top.After cooling, remove the plastic molds and use a microtome to obtain 5-micrometer thick sections of the gels. To extract the cells, carefully transfer whole gels from the 12-well plate into a Petri dish of PBS, and briefly rinse the gels. Then, place the gels in individual 15 milliliters tubes containing 2 milliliters of 0.125%collagenase, and pipette up and down four to five times to break the gels into small pieces.Incubate the gel fragments at 37 degrees Celsius for 25 to 30 minutes. When the gels have fully dissolved, add two milliliters of serum-supplemented culture medium to each cell suspension, and centrifuge the samples. Then, resuspend the pellets and count the number of viable cells.Epithelial structures are observed in whole mounts of gels cultured for two weeks in the presence of E2 alone, or in combination with other hormones. When no hormones are added, only single cells or groups of two to three cells are observed. Rat tail collagen type one is most frequently used for the gels, as seeding in bovine collagen type one may result in the formation of disorganized cell groups.E2 treatment results in thick, rounded, or elongated structures that exhibit more budding structures with the addition of prolactin. E2 and promegestone treatment, however, induces irregular structures, with cellular projections reminiscent of side branching. Here, the effect of an anti-estrogen on E2-dependent cell proliferation in the 3D cultures was quantified after collagenase cell extraction as just demonstrated.While attempting this procedure, it's important to remember to keep the neutralized collagen on ice, otherwise it will rapidly solidify at room temperature. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to prepare hormone-sensitive 3D cultures of the breast epithelium, and how to extract data on the action of hormones on epithelial morphogenesis and cell proliferation.

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

A Simple Hanging Drop Cell Culture Protocol for Generation of 3D Spheroids

Un semplice Hanging goccia Cultura protocollo cellulare per la generazione di sferoidi 3D

Studies of cell-cell cohesion and cell-substratum adhesion have historically been performed on monolayer cultures adherent to rigid substrates. Cells ...

Ricerca

Bioingegneria

Rotating Cell Culture Systems for Human Cell Culture: Human Trophoblast Cells as a Model

Rotazione Cultura sistemi cellulari per colture cellulari umane: cellule del trofoblasto umano come modello

The field of human trophoblast research aids in  understanding the complex environment established during placentation. Due to the  nature of these ...

Production, Characterization and Potential Uses of a 3D Tissue-engineered Human Esophageal Mucosal Model

Produzione, caratterizzazione e possibilità di utilizzo di un 3D tissutale umano esofageo mucose Modello

The incidence of both esophageal adenocarcinoma and its precursor, Barrett&#8217;s Metaplasia, are rising rapidly in the western world. Furthermore ...

Tunable Hydrogels from Pulmonary Extracellular Matrix for 3D Cell Culture

Sintonizzabile idrogel da polmonare matrice extracellulare per colture cellulari 3D

Here we present a method for establishing multiple component cell culture hydrogels for in vitro lung cell culture. Beginning with healthy en bloc lung ...

Intraductal Delivery to the Rabbit Mammary Gland

Consegna intraduttale al Coniglio ghiandola mammaria

Localized intraductal treatments for breast cancer offer potential advantages, including efficient delivery to the tumor and reduced systemic toxicity and ...

Construction of a Multilayered Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheet with a 3D Dynamic Culture System

Costruzione di un foglio di multistrato delle cellule staminali mesenchimali con un sistema di cultura dinamica 3D

Stem cell therapy shows a promising future in regenerating injured organ and tissues, and the cell sheet technique has been developed to improve the low ...

Growth and Characterization of Irradiated Organoids from Mammary Glands

Crescita e caratterizzazione di organoidi irradiati da ghiandole mammarie

Organoids derived from the digested tissue are multicellular three-dimensional (3D) constructs that better recapitulate in vivo conditions than cell ...

A Human 3D Extracellular Matrix-Adipocyte Culture Model for Studying Matrix-Cell Metabolic Crosstalk

Un modello di coltura a matrice extracellulare extracellulare -adipocyte umano per lo studio del crosstalk metabolico a matrice

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a central role in regulating tissue homeostasis, engaging in crosstalk with cells and regulating multiple aspects of ...

Transplantation of a 3D Bioprinted Patch in a Murine Model of Myocardial Infarction

Trapianto di una patch biostampa 3D in un modello Murine di infarto miocardico

Testing regenerative properties of 3D bioprinted cardiac patches in vivo using murine models of heart failure via permanent left anterior descending (LAD) ...

Saggio di co-coltura 3D: nicchie osteogeniche vascolarizzate per lo screening di farmaci antitumorali

Simple Establishment of a Vascularized Osteogenic Bone Marrow Niche Using Pre-Cast Poly(ethylene Glycol) (PEG) Hydrogels in an Imaging Microplate

Autore in primo piano: Semplice creazione di una nicchia di midollo osseo osteogenico vascolarizzato utilizzando idrogel prefabbricati di poli(glicole etilenico) (PEG) in una micropiastra di imaging  

Semplice creazione di una nicchia vascolarizzata del midollo osseo osteogenico utilizzando idrogel prefabbricati di poli(glicole etilenico) (PEG) in una micropiastra di imaging

The bone and bone marrow are highly vascularized and structurally complex organs, and are sites for cancer and metastasis formation. In vitro models ...