Name: ferromagnetic bare metal stent for endothelial cell capture and retention
Uploaded: 2015-09-18T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention at JoVE.com

The authors thank Tyra Witt, Cheri Mueske, Brant Newman and Dr. Peter J. Psaltis, MBBS, PhD for their valuable contributions. This study was financially supported by European Regional Development Fund &#8211; FNUSA-ICRC (No. CZ.1.05/1.100/02.0123), American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant (AHA #06-35185N), National Institutes of Health (T32HL007111) and The Grainger Innovation Fund &#8211; Grainger Foundation.

Alle dierproeven werden goedgekeurd door de Institutional Animal Care en Ingebruikname Comité (IACUC) in Mayo Clinic. 1. Ontwerp en Analyse van een 2205 Stainless Steel Stent <ol><li> Het ontwerpen van een kale metalen stent met behulp van CAD <ol><li> Maak een geëxtrudeerde holle cilinder door te selecteren op Extruded boss / base &#39;functie met de wanddikte gelijk aan de stent strut dikte. </li><li> Ontwerp een stent patroon op een andere sketch raakvlak aan de geëxtrudeerde cilinde...

<ol>
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W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coronary+stents:+current+status.">Coronary stents: current status.</a> J Am Coll Cardiol. 56, 1-42 (2010).</li><li>Austin, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drug-eluting+stents+versus+bare-metal+stents+for+off-label+indications:+a+propensity+score-matched+outcome+study.">Drug-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents for off-label indications: a propensity score-matched outcome study.</a> Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 1 (1), 45-52 (2008).</li><li>Polyak, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+field+gradient+targeting+of+magnetic+nanoparticle-loaded+endothelial+cells+to+the+surfaces+of+steel+stents.">High field gradient targeting of magnetic nanoparticle-loaded endothelial cells to the surfaces of steel stents.</a> P Natl Acad Sci USA. 105 (2), 698-703 (2008).</li><li>Tassiopoulos, A. 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We ontwikkelden een magnetische stent die kan fungeren als een kale metalen stent en kan SPION-gemerkte endotheelcellen trekken. In eerdere studies met magnetische stents, hebben de onderzoekers nikkel gecoate stents commerciële en spoelen of mazen gemaakt van magnetische materialen gebruikt vanwege de onbeschikbaarheid van een ferromagnetisch stent 5,10-14. Andere groepen hebben ook de paramagnetische aard van commercieel verkrijgbaar 304-roestvrij stalen stents voor targeting nanodeeltjes geladen endotheel...

Patients implanted with vascular stents manufactured from thrombogenic materials like stainless steel, cobalt chromium, and platinum chromium &#8211; both bare metal stents (BMS) and drug eluting stents (DES) &#8211; need anti-platelet therapy to prevent thrombus formation. BMS heal rapidly, but are subject to late stage restenosis due to incomplete healing. DES require long term anti-platelet therapy due to delayed healing. Anti-platelet therapy administered to avoid thrombosis as a result of incomplete or delayed healing leads to increased bleeding risk and may not be suitable for certain patients1,2. An ideal stent will heal completely and quickly thus avoiding long-term anti-platelet therapy and late stage restenosis. This complete healing can only be achieved if the stent is rapidly coated with a monolayer of endothelial cells after implantation. Coating the stents with biocompatible materials such as gold or other biopolymers has been shown to improve thrombo-resistance, but none of these techniques achieved ideal blood compatibility as may be possible by coating with endothelial cells3,4.
A stent can be coated with endothelial cells post implantation by attracting circulating progenitor cells. This self-seeding technique can be achieved by utilizing ligands and antibodies. But this technique is limited by the low number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. A promising strategy is to deliver cells directly to the stent immediately following implantation during a short period of blood flow occlusion3,5. This strategy requires a technique for rapidly capturing cells and retaining them on the stent even after restoring blood flow. We have developed a technique in which a magnetic stent is used to attract and retain magnetically-labeled endothelial cells delivered post implantation. To achieve this, a functional BMS with sufficient magnetic properties to capture and retain magnetically-labeled endothelial cells is required6.
In this paper, we discuss the methods for designing, manufacturing, and testing a 2205 stainless steel stent. The stents were designed using CAD and FEA. The manufactured stents were magnetized using a neodymium magnet and the retained magnetic field was measured using a magneto-resistance microsensor probe. We then tested the stents for magnetically-labeled cell capture in a culture dish during our in-vitro experiments. Finally, the stents were tested in-vivo by implanting magnetic and non-magnetic stents in 4 pigs and histologically analyzing the stented arteries.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>2205 Stainless steel</td>
			<td>Carpenter Technology Corporation</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Round bar stock material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Abaqus</td>
			<td>Dassault systems</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Atropine</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Prescription drug.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Clopidogrel</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Commercial name: Plavix. Prescription drug.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CM-DiI</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>V-22888</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Endothelial growth medium-2</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>CC-3162</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hand Held Crimping tool</td>
			<td>Blockwise engineering</td>
			<td>M1-RMC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid (HCl)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>MFCD00011324</td>
			<td>CAUTION: wear proptective equipment and handle under fume hood</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane anesthesia</td>
			<td>Piramal Critical Care, Inc.&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopropyl alcohol</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>MFCD00011674</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NdFeB magnet 2&#34; Dia x 1&#34; thick</td>
			<td>Amazing magnets</td>
			<td>D1000P</td>
			<td>Axially magnetized disc magnet with poles on flat faces</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Over-The-Wire trifold balloon</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Any commercially available OTW trifold balloon can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate buffered saline</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>10010-023</td>
			<td>Commonly known as PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>MFCD00003528</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium pentobarbital</td>
			<td>Zoetis</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Commercial Name: Sleepaway (26%), FatalPlus, Beuthanasi.&#160; Controlled substance to be ordered only by licensed veternarian</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SolidWorks</td>
			<td>Dassault systems</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SpinTJ-020 micro sensor</td>
			<td>MicroMagneitcs Sensible Solutions</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Long probe STJ-020 microsensor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SPION</td>
			<td>Mayo Clinic</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Nanoparticles synthesized internally (Ref: Lee, S. J. et al. Nanoparticles of magnetic ferric oxides encapsulated with poly(D,L latide-co-glycolide) and their applications to magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. J Magn Magn Mater 272, 2432-2433, doi:DOI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.416 (2004))</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Telazol</td>
			<td>Zoetis</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Controlled substance to be ordered only by licensed veternarian</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin EDTA</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>25200-056</td>
			<td>Gibco, Grand Island, NY</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine</td>
			<td>Bayer Animal Health</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Commercial name: Rompun. Controlled sunstance to be ordered only by a licensed veternarian</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

ferromagnetic bare metal stent for endothelial cell capture and retention

Snelle endothelialisatie van cardiovasculaire stents nodig om stent trombose en anti-bloedplaatjes therapie die bloedingsrisico kunnen verminderen voorkomen. De haalbaarheid van het gebruik van magnetische krachten vast te leggen en te behouden uitgroei endotheliale cellen (EOC) gemerkt met super paramagnetische ijzeroxide nanodeeltjes (SPION) is eerder aangetoond. Maar deze techniek vereist de ontwikkeling van een functioneel mechanisch stent uit een magnetische en biocompatibel materiaal, gevolgd door in-vitro en in-vivo testen om snelle endothelialisatie bewijzen. Ontwikkelden we een zwak ferromagnetische stent van 2205 duplex roestvast staal met behulp van computer-aided design (CAD) en het ontwerp werd verder verfijnd met behulp van eindige elementen analyse (FEA). Het definitieve ontwerp van de stent vertoonden een van de belangrijkste stam onder de breuk limiet van het materiaal tijdens de mechanische krimpen en expansie. Honderd stents werden vervaardigd en een deel ervan werd gebruikt voor mechanische testen, retained magnetisch veld metingen, in vitro cel capture studies, en in-vivo-implantatie studies. Tien stents werden getest op inzet om te controleren of zij aanhoudende krimpen en uitbreiding cyclus zonder mislukking. Een andere 10 stents waren gemagnetiseerd met behulp van een krachtige neodymium magneet en hun behouden magnetisch veld werd gemeten. De stents bleek dat de vastgehouden magnetisme was voldoende om SPION gemerkte EOC vangen in onze in vitro studies. -SPION gelabelde EOC vangst en de bewaring werd in grote diermodellen geverifieerd door het implanteren van 1 gemagnetiseerd stent en 1 niet-gemagnetiseerd controle stent in elk van de 4 varkens. De gestente arteriën werden geëxplanteerd na 7 dagen en histologisch geanalyseerd. De zwak magnetisch stents ontwikkeld in deze studie waren in staat om het aantrekken en behouden-SPION gelabelde endotheelcellen die kunnen bevorderen snelle genezing.

<html> Iteratieve stent ontwerp op FEA (figuur 1) vertoonde een stent die kan krimpen en uitzetten met een hoofdrek van 20%, hetgeen lager is dan de 30% uiteindelijke rek. Crimping en uitbreiding proef (figuur 2) vertoonde geen tekenen van breuk. Foto&#39;s van de vervormde stent toonde een goede overeenkomst met FEA berekende vervormingen en ook microscopie foto&#39;s toonden geen fracturen (figuur 3). Zoals verwacht van de ingehouden magnetische veldmetingen (f...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention at JoVE.com

Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention

Onze doelen waren voor het ontwerpen, produceren en testen ferromagnetische stents voor endotheelcellen capture. Ten stents werden getest op breuk en 10 meer stents werden getest behouden magnetisme. Tenslotte werden 10 stents getest in-vitro en 8 meer stents werden geïmplanteerd in 4 varkens cell capture en retentie vertonen.

Ferromagnetische Bare Metal Stent voor endotheelcellen Capture and Retention

Rapid endothelialization of cardiovascular stents is needed to reduce stent thrombosis and to avoid anti-platelet therapy which can reduce bleeding risk. ...

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Groei van menselijke en schapen hoornvlies endotheliale cellagen op biomateriële membranen

Corneal endothelial cell cultures have a tendency to undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) after loss of cell-to-cell contact. EMT is ...

Mitigation of Blood Borne Cell Attachment to Metal Implants through CD47-Derived Peptide Immobilization

Mitigatie van Blood Borne Cell Attachment to Metal Implants through CD47-Derived Peptide Immobilisatie

The key complications associated with bare metal stents and drug eluting stents are in-stent restenosis and late stent thrombosis, respectively. Thus, ...

Segmenting Growth of Endothelial Cells in 6-Well Plates on an Orbital Shaker for Mechanobiological Studies

Segmentering van de groei van endotheelcellen in 6-putplaten op een orbitale shaker voor mechanobiologische studies

Shear stress imposed on the arterial wall by the flow of blood affects endothelial cell morphology and function. Low magnitude, oscillatory and ...

A Microphysiological System to Study Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Interaction during Inflammation

Een microfysiologisch systeem om leukocyten-endotheelcelinteractie tijdens ontsteking te bestuderen

Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions play an important role in inflammatory diseases such as sepsis. During inflammation, excessive migration of ...