Name: ferromagnetic bare metal stent for endothelial cell capture and retention
Uploaded: 2015-09-18T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention at JoVE.com

The authors thank Tyra Witt, Cheri Mueske, Brant Newman and Dr. Peter J. Psaltis, MBBS, PhD for their valuable contributions. This study was financially supported by European Regional Development Fund &#8211; FNUSA-ICRC (No. CZ.1.05/1.100/02.0123), American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant (AHA #06-35185N), National Institutes of Health (T32HL007111) and The Grainger Innovation Fund &#8211; Grainger Foundation.

Toutes les études sur les animaux ont été approuvées par le Comité d&#39;utilisation institutionnel de protection des animaux et (IACUC) à la Clinique Mayo. 1. Conception et analyse d&#39;un stent en acier inoxydable 2,205 <ol><li> Conception d&#39;un stent en métal nu en utilisant CAD <ol><li> Faites un cylindre creux extrudé en sélectionnant sur option &#39;extrudé patron / de base »avec l&#39;épaisseur de paroi égale à l&#39;épaisseur de l&#39;entretoise stent. </li><li> ...

<ol>
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Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stress+corrosion+cracking+of+2205+duplex+stainless+steel+in+H2S-CO2+environment.">Stress corrosion cracking of 2205 duplex stainless steel in H2S-CO2 environment.</a> J Mater Sci. 44 (16), 4228-4234 (2009).</li><li>Alverez-Armas, I., Degallaix-Moreuill, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Duplex stainless steels. , (2009).</li><li>Tefft, B. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Magnetizable+Duplex+Steel+Stents+Enable+Endothelial+Cell+Capture.">Magnetizable Duplex Steel Stents Enable Endothelial Cell Capture.</a> Ieee T Magn. 49 (1), 463-466 (2013).</li><li>Pelton, A. 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Nous avons développé un stent magnétique qui peut fonctionner comme un stent en métal nu et peut attirer les cellules endothéliales Spion marqué. Dans des études précédentes impliquant des stents magnétiques, les chercheurs ont utilisé nickel stents actifs commerciaux et des bobines ou des mailles en matériaux magnétiques en raison de l&#39;indisponibilité d&#39;un stent ferromagnétique 5,10-14. D&#39;autres groupes ont également utilisé la nature paramagnétique disponibles dans le commerce ...

Patients implanted with vascular stents manufactured from thrombogenic materials like stainless steel, cobalt chromium, and platinum chromium &#8211; both bare metal stents (BMS) and drug eluting stents (DES) &#8211; need anti-platelet therapy to prevent thrombus formation. BMS heal rapidly, but are subject to late stage restenosis due to incomplete healing. DES require long term anti-platelet therapy due to delayed healing. Anti-platelet therapy administered to avoid thrombosis as a result of incomplete or delayed healing leads to increased bleeding risk and may not be suitable for certain patients1,2. An ideal stent will heal completely and quickly thus avoiding long-term anti-platelet therapy and late stage restenosis. This complete healing can only be achieved if the stent is rapidly coated with a monolayer of endothelial cells after implantation. Coating the stents with biocompatible materials such as gold or other biopolymers has been shown to improve thrombo-resistance, but none of these techniques achieved ideal blood compatibility as may be possible by coating with endothelial cells3,4.
A stent can be coated with endothelial cells post implantation by attracting circulating progenitor cells. This self-seeding technique can be achieved by utilizing ligands and antibodies. But this technique is limited by the low number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. A promising strategy is to deliver cells directly to the stent immediately following implantation during a short period of blood flow occlusion3,5. This strategy requires a technique for rapidly capturing cells and retaining them on the stent even after restoring blood flow. We have developed a technique in which a magnetic stent is used to attract and retain magnetically-labeled endothelial cells delivered post implantation. To achieve this, a functional BMS with sufficient magnetic properties to capture and retain magnetically-labeled endothelial cells is required6.
In this paper, we discuss the methods for designing, manufacturing, and testing a 2205 stainless steel stent. The stents were designed using CAD and FEA. The manufactured stents were magnetized using a neodymium magnet and the retained magnetic field was measured using a magneto-resistance microsensor probe. We then tested the stents for magnetically-labeled cell capture in a culture dish during our in-vitro experiments. Finally, the stents were tested in-vivo by implanting magnetic and non-magnetic stents in 4 pigs and histologically analyzing the stented arteries.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>2205 Stainless steel</td>
			<td>Carpenter Technology Corporation</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Round bar stock material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Abaqus</td>
			<td>Dassault systems</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Atropine</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Prescription drug.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Clopidogrel</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Commercial name: Plavix. Prescription drug.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CM-DiI</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>V-22888</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Endothelial growth medium-2</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>CC-3162</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hand Held Crimping tool</td>
			<td>Blockwise engineering</td>
			<td>M1-RMC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid (HCl)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>MFCD00011324</td>
			<td>CAUTION: wear proptective equipment and handle under fume hood</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane anesthesia</td>
			<td>Piramal Critical Care, Inc.&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopropyl alcohol</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>MFCD00011674</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NdFeB magnet 2&#34; Dia x 1&#34; thick</td>
			<td>Amazing magnets</td>
			<td>D1000P</td>
			<td>Axially magnetized disc magnet with poles on flat faces</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Over-The-Wire trifold balloon</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Any commercially available OTW trifold balloon can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate buffered saline</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>10010-023</td>
			<td>Commonly known as PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>MFCD00003528</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium pentobarbital</td>
			<td>Zoetis</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Commercial Name: Sleepaway (26%), FatalPlus, Beuthanasi.&#160; Controlled substance to be ordered only by licensed veternarian</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SolidWorks</td>
			<td>Dassault systems</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SpinTJ-020 micro sensor</td>
			<td>MicroMagneitcs Sensible Solutions</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Long probe STJ-020 microsensor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SPION</td>
			<td>Mayo Clinic</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Nanoparticles synthesized internally (Ref: Lee, S. J. et al. Nanoparticles of magnetic ferric oxides encapsulated with poly(D,L latide-co-glycolide) and their applications to magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. J Magn Magn Mater 272, 2432-2433, doi:DOI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.416 (2004))</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Telazol</td>
			<td>Zoetis</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Controlled substance to be ordered only by licensed veternarian</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin EDTA</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>25200-056</td>
			<td>Gibco, Grand Island, NY</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine</td>
			<td>Bayer Animal Health</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Commercial name: Rompun. Controlled sunstance to be ordered only by a licensed veternarian</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

ferromagnetic bare metal stent for endothelial cell capture and retention

Endothélialisation rapide des endoprothèses vasculaires est nécessaire pour réduire la thrombose de stent et d&#39;éviter la thérapie anti-plaquettaire qui peut réduire le risque de saignement. La faisabilité de l&#39;utilisation des forces magnétiques pour capturer et conserver les cellules endothéliales excroissance (COE) marqués avec des nanoparticules d&#39;oxyde de fer super-paramagnétiques (SPION) a été montré précédemment. Mais cette technique nécessite la mise au point d&#39;un stent mécaniquement fonctionnelle à partir d&#39;un matériau magnétique et biocompatible suivi par in-vitro et in-vivo des tests pour prouver endothélialisation rapide. Nous avons développé un stent faiblement ferromagnétique acier inoxydable duplex 2205 en utilisant conception assistée par ordinateur (CAD) et sa conception a été affinée en utilisant une analyse par éléments finis (FEA). La conception finale du stent présenté une déformation principale sous la limite de rupture du matériau pendant le sertissage mécanique et d&#39;expansion. Une centaine de stents ont été fabriqués et un sous-ensemble d&#39;entre eux a été utilisé pour les essais mécaniques, retained mesures de champ magnétique, des études in vitro de capture de cellules, in vivo et des études d&#39;implantation. Dix stents ont été testés pour déploiement pour vérifier si elles soutenue sertissage et l&#39;expansion du cycle sans défaillance. 10 autres ont été magnétisés stents utilisant un aimant de néodyme forte et leur champ magnétique retenu a été mesurée. Les stents ont montré que le magnétisme retenu était suffisante pour capturer SPION marqué EOC dans nos études de in vitro. Capture et la conservation des COE SPION marqué a été vérifiée dans les grands modèles animaux par l&#39;implantation d&#39;une endoprothèse magnétisé et 1 non-aimanté stent de contrôle dans chacun des 4 porcs. Les artères ont été explantées stentées après 7 jours et analysés histologiquement. Les stents faiblement magnétiques développés dans cette étude étaient capables d&#39;attirer et de retenir les cellules endothéliales Spion marqué qui peut favoriser la guérison rapide.

<html> Conception de stent itératif basé sur FEA (Figure 1) a montré un stent qui peut sertir et étendre avec une souche principale de 20%, ce qui est moins que la déformation à la rupture de 30%. Sertissage et l&#39;essai d&#39;expansion (figure 2) ne présentaient aucun signe de fracture. Photos du stent déformé ont montré une bonne entente avec déformations FEA calculés et aussi des photos microscopie montré aucune fracture (Figure 3). Comme on s&#39;y att...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention at JoVE.com

Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention

Nos objectifs étaient de concevoir, fabriquer et tester stents ferromagnétiques pour la capture des cellules endothéliales. Dix stents ont été testés pour la fracture et 10 autres stents ont été testés pour le magnétisme retenu. Enfin, 10 stents ont été testés in vitro et 8 autres stents ont été implantés dans 4 porcs pour montrer capture et la conservation cellule.

Ferromagnétique Bare Metal Stent pour endothéliale capture de cellules et de la conservation

Rapid endothelialization of cardiovascular stents is needed to reduce stent thrombosis and to avoid anti-platelet therapy which can reduce bleeding risk. ...

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Autologous Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Seeding Technology and Biocompatibility Testing For Cardiovascular Devices in Large Animal Model

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Radiation is widely used for biological applications and for ion-beam breeding, and among these methods, microbeam irradiation represents a powerful means ...

Growth of Human and Sheep Corneal Endothelial Cell Layers on Biomaterial Membranes

Croissance des couches cellulaires endothéliales coréennes humaines et brebis sur les membranes biomatériaux

Corneal endothelial cell cultures have a tendency to undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) after loss of cell-to-cell contact. EMT is ...

Mitigation of Blood Borne Cell Attachment to Metal Implants through CD47-Derived Peptide Immobilization

Atténuation de l’attachement cellulaire transmissible par le sang aux implants métalliques grâce à l’immobilisation du peptide dérivé du CD47

The key complications associated with bare metal stents and drug eluting stents are in-stent restenosis and late stent thrombosis, respectively. Thus, ...

Segmenting Growth of Endothelial Cells in 6-Well Plates on an Orbital Shaker for Mechanobiological Studies

Segmentation de la croissance des cellules endothéliales dans des plaques à 6 puits sur un agitateur orbital pour les études mécanobiologiques

Shear stress imposed on the arterial wall by the flow of blood affects endothelial cell morphology and function. Low magnitude, oscillatory and ...

A Microphysiological System to Study Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Interaction during Inflammation

Un système microphysiologique pour étudier l’interaction leucocytaire-endothéliale pendant l’inflammation

Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions play an important role in inflammatory diseases such as sepsis. During inflammation, excessive migration of ...