Name: ferromagnetic bare metal stent for endothelial cell capture and retention
Uploaded: 2015-09-18T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention at JoVE.com

The authors thank Tyra Witt, Cheri Mueske, Brant Newman and Dr. Peter J. Psaltis, MBBS, PhD for their valuable contributions. This study was financially supported by European Regional Development Fund &#8211; FNUSA-ICRC (No. CZ.1.05/1.100/02.0123), American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant (AHA #06-35185N), National Institutes of Health (T32HL007111) and The Grainger Innovation Fund &#8211; Grainger Foundation.

Todos os estudos com animais foram aprovados pelo Animal Care Institucional e Comitê de Utilização (IACUC) da Clínica Mayo. 1. Análise e Desenho de um 2205 de aço inoxidável Stent <ol><li> Projetando um nu metal stent usando CAD <ol><li> Faça um cilindro oco extrudido, selecionando em função &#39;de ressalto extrudado / base&#39; com a espessura da parede igual à espessura haste do stent. </li><li> Projetar um padrão de stent em um avião diferente esboço tangente ao cilindro ...

<ol>
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Desenvolvemos um stent magnético que pode funcionar como um stent convencional e pode atrair células endoteliais marcado com spion. Em estudos anteriores envolvendo stents magnéticas, os pesquisadores usaram níquel stents revestidos comerciais e bobinas ou malhas feitas de materiais magnéticos devido à indisponibilidade de um stent ferromagnético 5,10-14. Outros grupos também têm utilizado a natureza paramagnética de stents de aço inoxidável 304 de grau comercialmente disponíveis para o direciona...

Patients implanted with vascular stents manufactured from thrombogenic materials like stainless steel, cobalt chromium, and platinum chromium &#8211; both bare metal stents (BMS) and drug eluting stents (DES) &#8211; need anti-platelet therapy to prevent thrombus formation. BMS heal rapidly, but are subject to late stage restenosis due to incomplete healing. DES require long term anti-platelet therapy due to delayed healing. Anti-platelet therapy administered to avoid thrombosis as a result of incomplete or delayed healing leads to increased bleeding risk and may not be suitable for certain patients1,2. An ideal stent will heal completely and quickly thus avoiding long-term anti-platelet therapy and late stage restenosis. This complete healing can only be achieved if the stent is rapidly coated with a monolayer of endothelial cells after implantation. Coating the stents with biocompatible materials such as gold or other biopolymers has been shown to improve thrombo-resistance, but none of these techniques achieved ideal blood compatibility as may be possible by coating with endothelial cells3,4.
A stent can be coated with endothelial cells post implantation by attracting circulating progenitor cells. This self-seeding technique can be achieved by utilizing ligands and antibodies. But this technique is limited by the low number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. A promising strategy is to deliver cells directly to the stent immediately following implantation during a short period of blood flow occlusion3,5. This strategy requires a technique for rapidly capturing cells and retaining them on the stent even after restoring blood flow. We have developed a technique in which a magnetic stent is used to attract and retain magnetically-labeled endothelial cells delivered post implantation. To achieve this, a functional BMS with sufficient magnetic properties to capture and retain magnetically-labeled endothelial cells is required6.
In this paper, we discuss the methods for designing, manufacturing, and testing a 2205 stainless steel stent. The stents were designed using CAD and FEA. The manufactured stents were magnetized using a neodymium magnet and the retained magnetic field was measured using a magneto-resistance microsensor probe. We then tested the stents for magnetically-labeled cell capture in a culture dish during our in-vitro experiments. Finally, the stents were tested in-vivo by implanting magnetic and non-magnetic stents in 4 pigs and histologically analyzing the stented arteries.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>2205 Stainless steel</td>
			<td>Carpenter Technology Corporation</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Round bar stock material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Abaqus</td>
			<td>Dassault systems</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Atropine</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Prescription drug.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Clopidogrel</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Commercial name: Plavix. Prescription drug.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CM-DiI</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>V-22888</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Endothelial growth medium-2</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>CC-3162</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hand Held Crimping tool</td>
			<td>Blockwise engineering</td>
			<td>M1-RMC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid (HCl)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>MFCD00011324</td>
			<td>CAUTION: wear proptective equipment and handle under fume hood</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane anesthesia</td>
			<td>Piramal Critical Care, Inc.&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopropyl alcohol</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>MFCD00011674</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NdFeB magnet 2&#34; Dia x 1&#34; thick</td>
			<td>Amazing magnets</td>
			<td>D1000P</td>
			<td>Axially magnetized disc magnet with poles on flat faces</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Over-The-Wire trifold balloon</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Any commercially available OTW trifold balloon can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate buffered saline</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>10010-023</td>
			<td>Commonly known as PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>MFCD00003528</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium pentobarbital</td>
			<td>Zoetis</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Commercial Name: Sleepaway (26%), FatalPlus, Beuthanasi.&#160; Controlled substance to be ordered only by licensed veternarian</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SolidWorks</td>
			<td>Dassault systems</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SpinTJ-020 micro sensor</td>
			<td>MicroMagneitcs Sensible Solutions</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Long probe STJ-020 microsensor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SPION</td>
			<td>Mayo Clinic</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Nanoparticles synthesized internally (Ref: Lee, S. J. et al. Nanoparticles of magnetic ferric oxides encapsulated with poly(D,L latide-co-glycolide) and their applications to magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. J Magn Magn Mater 272, 2432-2433, doi:DOI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.416 (2004))</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Telazol</td>
			<td>Zoetis</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Controlled substance to be ordered only by licensed veternarian</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin EDTA</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>25200-056</td>
			<td>Gibco, Grand Island, NY</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine</td>
			<td>Bayer Animal Health</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Commercial name: Rompun. Controlled sunstance to be ordered only by a licensed veternarian</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

ferromagnetic bare metal stent for endothelial cell capture and retention

Endotelização rápida de stents cardiovasculares é necessária para reduzir a trombose de stent e para evitar a terapia anti-plaquetas que podem reduzir o risco de sangramento. A viabilidade do uso de forças magnéticas para capturar e reter as células endoteliais excrescência (EdC) marcadas com nanopartículas de óxido de ferro super-paramagnéticas (spion) foi mostrado anteriormente. Mas esta técnica requer o desenvolvimento de um stent funcional mecanicamente a partir de um material magnético e biocompatível seguido de in-vitro e in-vivo de ensaio para comprovar rápida endotelização. Nós desenvolvemos um stent fracamente ferromagnéticos de aço inoxidável 2205 duplex utilizando desenho assistido por computador (CAD) e seu design foi aperfeiçoada por meio de análise de elementos finitos (FEA). O desenho final do stent exibiu a principal pressão abaixo do limite de fratura do material durante cravamento mecânica e expansão. Cem stents foram fabricados e um subconjunto deles foi usado para ensaios mecânicos, tempo de retained medições do campo magnético, em estudos in vitro de captura de células, in vivo e estudos de implantação. Dez stents foram testados para implantação para verificar se eles sustentado friso e expansão ciclo sem falhas. Outros 10 stents foram magnetizadas usando um ímã de neodímio forte e seu campo magnético retido foi medido. Os stents mostrou que o magnetismo retido foi suficiente para capturar spion marcado EOC nos nossos estudos in vitro. Foi verificada marcado com spion captura e retenção de EOC em grandes modelos animais através da implantação de um stent magnetizado e um stent controle não-magnetizado em cada um dos 4 porcos. As artérias stented foram explantadas após 7 dias e analisados ​​histologicamente. Os stents fracamente magnéticos desenvolvidas neste estudo foram capazes de atrair e reter as células endoteliais marcado com spion que podem promover a cura rápida.

<html> Desenho de stent iterativo com base em FEA (Figura 1) revelou um stent que pode friso e expandir-se com uma entidade de deformação de 20%, o que é menos do que a estirpe final de 30%. Engaste e ensaio de expansão (Figura 2) não mostrou sinais de fractura. Fotos do stent deformado mostrou boa concordância com deformações FEA calculados e também imagens de microscopia mostrou nenhuma fratura (Figura 3). Como esperado a partir das medições do campo magnét...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention at JoVE.com

Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention

Nossos objetivos foram para projetar, fabricar e testar stents ferromagnéticos para a captura de células endoteliais. Dez stents foram testados quanto à fractura e mais 10 stents foram testados para o magnetismo retida. Finalmente, 10 stents foram testados in vitro e 8 mais stents foram implantados em 4 porcos para mostrar a captura e retenção celular.

Ferromagnético Bare Metal Stent para captura de células endoteliais e Retenção

Rapid endothelialization of cardiovascular stents is needed to reduce stent thrombosis and to avoid anti-platelet therapy which can reduce bleeding risk. ...

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Growth of Human and Sheep Corneal Endothelial Cell Layers on Biomaterial Membranes

Crescimento de Camadas de Células Endoteliais De Córnea Humana e Ovelha em Membranas Biomateriais

Corneal endothelial cell cultures have a tendency to undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) after loss of cell-to-cell contact. EMT is ...

Mitigation of Blood Borne Cell Attachment to Metal Implants through CD47-Derived Peptide Immobilization

Mitigação do apego de células transmitidas sanguíneas a implantes metálicos através da imobilização de peptídeos derivados do CD47

The key complications associated with bare metal stents and drug eluting stents are in-stent restenosis and late stent thrombosis, respectively. Thus, ...

Segmenting Growth of Endothelial Cells in 6-Well Plates on an Orbital Shaker for Mechanobiological Studies

Segmentando o crescimento de células endoteliais em placas de 6-bem em um agitador orbital para estudos mecanobiológicos

Shear stress imposed on the arterial wall by the flow of blood affects endothelial cell morphology and function. Low magnitude, oscillatory and ...

A Microphysiological System to Study Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Interaction during Inflammation

Um sistema microfisiológico para estudar a interação das células leucócitos-endoteliais durante a inflamação

Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions play an important role in inflammatory diseases such as sepsis. During inflammation, excessive migration of ...