Name: construction of cell-based neurotransmitter fluorescent engineered reporters (cnifers) for optical detection of neurotransmitters in vivo
Uploaded: 2016-05-12T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Construction of Cell-based Neurotransmitter Fluorescent Engineered Reporters CNiFERs for Optical Detection of Neurotransmitters In Vivo at JoVE.com

Vi takker B. Conklin (University of California, San Francisco) for at levere de G qi5 og G qs5 cDNA&#39;er A. Schweitzer for assistance med elektronik, N. Taylor for at få hjælp med screening af kloner, Ian Glaaser og Robert Rifkin til korrekturlæsning , og Olivier Griesbeck for TN-XXL. Dette arbejde blev støttet af forskningsbevillinger gennem det amerikanske National Institute on Drug Abuse (Nida) (DA029706, DA037170), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging og Bioengineering (NIBIB) (EB003832), Hoffman-La Roche (88610A) og &quot;Neuroscience relateret til Drugs af misbrug &quot;uddannelse tilskud gennem Nida (DA007315).

Alle dyreforsøg udført i denne undersøgelse er i overensstemmelse med Institutional Animal Care og brug Udvalg (IACUC) retningslinjer, og er blevet godkendt af de IACUCs ved Icahn School of Medicine på Mount Sinai og University of California, San Diego. 1. Generer GPCR-udtrykkende lentivirus for Transforming HEK293-celler <ol><li> Finde et cDNA for en specifik GPCR fra en kommerciel kilde, f.eks cdna.org. Alternativt amplificere GPCR genet fra et cDNA-bibliotek under anvendelse af PCR. Anskaf en l...

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Oprettelsen af CNiFERs giver en innovativ og unik strategi for optisk måling frigivelse af neurotransmittere i hjernen in vivo. CNiFERs er ideelt egnede til måling ekstrasynaptiske frigivelse, dvs., volumen ledning, for neurotransmittere. Vigtigt er det, hver CNiFER besidder egenskaberne af det native GPCR, hvilket giver en fysiologisk optisk måling af ændringerne i niveauerne af neurotransmittere i hjernen. Til dato er der blevet oprettet CNiFERs til påvisning acetylcholin (M1-CNiFER) 6,</su...

For helt at forstå, hvordan neuroner kommunikere i hjernen, er det nødvendigt at have en metode til at måle frigivelsen af neurotransmittere in vivo. Der er flere veletablerede teknikker til måling neurotransmittere in vivo. En almindeligt anvendt teknik er mikrodialyse, i hvilken en kanyle er indsat ind i hjernen og et lille volumen af cerebrospinalvæske opsamles og analyseres under anvendelse af højtydende væskekromatografi og elektrokemisk detektion 1. Mikrodialyse har en rumlig opløsning i størrelsesordenen nogle få diametre af proben, fx ~ 0,5 mm for en mikrosonde 200 um diameter. Den midlertidige opløsning af denne teknik er imidlertid langsom på grund af prøveudtagning intervaller, typisk varer ~ 5 min eller længere 1. Desuden er analyser ikke foretages i realtid. En anden teknik er hurtig scanning cyklisk voltammetri (FSCV), som bruger en carbon-fiber probe, der indsættes i hjernen. FSCV har fremragende temporal opløsning (subsecond), høj følsomhed (nanomolær), og rumlig opløsning med sondens diameter på 5 til 30 um. Imidlertid er FSCV begrænset til sendere, der producerer en karakteristisk oxidation og reduktion Profilen med spænding på et carbonatom potentiometrisk føler 2. En tredje teknik til at måle neurotransmittere er direkte gennem genetisk kodet neurotransmitter (NT) biosensorer 3. Med denne metode er et fusionsprotein skabt, der indeholder en ligand-bindende domæne til en sender koblet til en fluorescensresonansenergioverførsel (FRET) -baseret par fluoroforer 4 eller et permuteret GFP 5. I modsætning til de to foregående metoder, er disse biosensorer genetisk kodet og udtrykt på overfladen af ​​en værtscelle, såsom en neuron, gennem produktion af transgene dyr eller akut med anvendelsen af ​​virale midler til at inficere celler. Til dato er genetisk kodet biosensorer kun blevet udviklet til detecting glutamat og GABA 3-5. Begrænsninger med disse teknikker har været lav følsomhed, i nM-området, og den manglende evne til at udvide påvisningen af det store antal sendere, f.eks klassiske neurotransmittere, neuropeptider og neuromodulatorer, som signalerer gennem G-protein-koblede receptorer (GPCR&#39;er). I virkeligheden er der næsten 800 GPCR&#39;er i det humane genom. For at løse disse mangler, har vi udviklet et innovativt redskab til optisk foranstaltning frigivelse af enhver neurotransmitter, der signalerer gennem en GPCR. CNiFERs (cellebaseret neurotransmitter fluorescerende manipuleret reportere) er klonale HEK293-celler manipuleret til at udtrykke et specifikt GPCR, at når stimuleres, udløser en stigning i intracellulær [Ca2 +], der detekteres af en genetisk kodet FRET-baserede Ca2 + sensor, TN-XXL. Således CNiFERs omdanne neurotransmitter receptorbinding til en ændring i fluorescens, der direkte og real-time optisk rEAD-out af lokale neurotransmitter aktivitet. Ved at udnytte den native receptor for en given neurotransmitter, CNiFERs bevarer kemisk specificitet, affinitet og tidsmæssige dynamik endogent udtrykte receptorer. Til dato har vi skabt tre typer CNiFERs, en for detektering acetylcholin ved anvendelse af M1-receptoren, en for påvisning dopamin ved hjælp af D2-receptoren, og en til detektering noradrenalin ved hjælp af a1a receptor 6,7. Den CNiFER teknologien er let udvides og skalerbar, hvilket gør det muligt at foretage en hvilken som helst form for GPCR. I denne JOVE artikel beskriver vi og illustrere den metode til at designe, realisere og test in vivo CNiFERs for enhver ansøgning.

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			<td style="width:191px;">Highland Medical Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:429px;">564-0427, HME 109 Table Top Anesthetic Machine with Isoflurane Vaporizer, O2 Flowmeter, Gang Valve; 564-0852, Induction Chamber 16X7X7.5cm</td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:387px;">3D scope with arm</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:429px;"></td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:387px;">fiber optic light</td>
			<td style="width:191px;"></td>
			<td style="width:429px;"></td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Betadine&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;"></td>
			<td style="width:429px;"></td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">70 % (v/v) isopropyl alcohol</td>
			<td style="width:191px;"></td>
			<td style="width:429px;"></td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Povidone-Iodine Prep Pads</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">dynarex</td>
			<td style="width:429px;">1108</td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">NaCl 0.9% (INJECTION, USP, 918610)</td>
			<td style="width:191px;"></td>
			<td style="width:429px;"></td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">CYCLOSPORINE (INJECTION, USP)</td>
			<td style="width:191px;"></td>
			<td style="width:429px;"></td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Buprenex (INJECTION) buprenorphine (0.03 &#956;g per g rodent)</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:429px;"></td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ophthalmic ointment&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Akorn</td>
			<td style="width:429px;">NDC 17478-235-35</td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Surgifoam</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Ethicon</td>
			<td style="width:429px;"></td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Grip dental cement</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Dentsply</td>
			<td style="width:429px;">#675571, 675572</td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Instant SuperGlue&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">NDindustries</td>
			<td style="width:429px;"></td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">LOCTITE 4041</td>
			<td style="width:191px;"></td>
			<td style="width:429px;"></td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">METABOND</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">C&#38;B</td>
			<td style="width:429px;"></td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">no. 0 cover glass</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:429px;"></td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">stereotaxic frame&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Kopf</td>
			<td style="width:429px;"></td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;">Rectal probe and heating pad</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">FHC</td>
			<td style="width:429px;">40-90-8D, DC Temperature Controller,40-90-2-06, 6.5X9.5cm Heating Pad40-90-5D-02, Rectal Thermistor Probe</td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">optical breadboard for imaging</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:429px;"></td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Mineral oil</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:429px;">S55667</td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Kwik-Cast (Silicone elastomer)</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:429px;"></td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Suture&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Ethicon</td>
			<td style="width:429px;">18&#8217;&#8217;, 1667, 4-0</td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Fine Scientific Tools</td>
			<td style="width:429px;">91500-09, 15018-10</td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Forcepts</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Fine Scientific Tools</td>
			<td style="width:429px;">11252-30; #55, 11295-51; Grafe, 11050-10</td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Student Halsted-Mosquito Hemostats</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Fine Scientific Tools</td>
			<td style="width:429px;">91308-12</td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Small Vessel Cauterizer Kit</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Fine Scientific Tools</td>
			<td style="width:429px;">18000-00</td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Hot Bead Sterilizers</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Fine Scientific Tools</td>
			<td style="width:429px;">18000-45</td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Instrument Case with Silicone Mat</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Fine Scientific Tools</td>
			<td style="width:429px;">20311-21</td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Plastic Sterilization Containers with Silicone Mat</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Fine Scientific Tools</td>
			<td style="width:429px;">20810-01</td>
			<td>surgery and stereotaxic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:387px;"></td>
			<td style="width:191px;"></td>
			<td style="width:429px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:387px;"></td>
			<td style="width:191px;"></td>
			<td style="width:429px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:387px;">2P fixed-stage fluorescence scope for in vivo imaging</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:429px;">FV1200 MPE</td>
			<td>in vivo imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:387px;">Multiphoton laser</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">SpectraPhysics</td>
			<td style="width:429px;">Mai Tai DeepSee</td>
			<td>in vivo imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:387px;">Green Laser</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:429px;">473 nm Laser</td>
			<td>in vivo imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:387px;">xy translation base</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Scientifica</td>
			<td style="width:429px;">MMBP</td>
			<td>in vivo imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:387px;">FRET filter cube for YFP and CFP</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:429px;"></td>
			<td>in vivo imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:387px;">25-X water immersion objective</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:429px;"></td>
			<td>in vivo imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:387px;">air table</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Newport</td>
			<td style="width:429px;"></td>
			<td>in vivo imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:387px;">custom built light-tight cage</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Thorlab</td>
			<td style="width:429px;"></td>
			<td>in vivo imaging</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

construction of cell-based neurotransmitter fluorescent engineered reporters (cnifers) for optical detection of neurotransmitters in vivo

Cell-baserede neurotransmitter fluorescerende manipuleret reportere (CNiFERs) give et nyt værktøj til neuroforskere til optisk at detektere frigivelse af neurotransmittere i hjernen in vivo. Et specifikt CNiFER er skabt ud fra en human embryonal nyrecelle, som stabilt udtrykker et specifikt G-protein-koblede receptorer, som kobler til G q / 11 G-proteiner, og et FRET-baserede Ca2 + -detector, TN-XXL. Aktivering af receptoren fører til en stigning i FRET signal. CNiFERs har nM følsomhed og en tidsmæssig respons sekunder, fordi en CNiFER klon udnytter den native receptor for en bestemt neurotransmitter, f.eks D2R for dopamin. CNiFERs direkte implanteret i hjernen, så de kan fornemme neurotransmitter frigørelse med en rumlig opløsning på mindre end et hundrede um, hvilket gør dem ideelle til at måle volumen transmission in vivo. CNiFERs kan også anvendes til at screene andre lægemidler til potentiel krydsreaktivitet i VIvo. Vi har for nylig udvidet familien af CNiFERs at omfatte GPCR&#39;er som kobler til G i / o G-proteiner. CNiFERs er tilgængelige til påvisning acetylcholin (ACh), dopamin (DA) og noradrenalin (NE). Eftersom enhver GPCR kan bruges til at skabe et hidtil ukendt CNiFER og at der findes omkring 800 GPCR&#39;er i det humane genom, vi beskriver her den generelle fremgangsmåde til at designe, realisere og teste enhver type CNiFER.

En CNiFER er afledt fra en human embryonal nyre (HEK293) celle, der er konstrueret til stabilt at udtrykke mindst to proteiner: et specifikt G-protein-koblet receptor (GPCR) og en genetisk kodet [Ca2 +] sensor, TN-XXL. TN-XXL undergår fluorescensresonansenergioverførsel (FRET) mellem cyan og gul fluorescerende proteiner, ECFP og citrin henholdsvis som reaktion på Ca2 + -ioner 6,15. Aktivering af GPCR&#39;er at par endogen G q G-proteiner udl...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Construction of Cell-based Neurotransmitter Fluorescent Engineered Reporters CNiFERs for Optical Detection of Neurotransmitters In Vivo at JoVE.com

Construction of Cell-based Neurotransmitter Fluorescent Engineered Reporters CNiFERs for Optical Detection of Neurotransmitters In Vivo

Vi præsenterer en protokol til at skabe celle-baserede neurotransmitter fluorescerende manipuleret reportere (CNiFERs) til optisk detektion af volumetrisk neurotransmitter frigørelse.

Konstruktion af Cell-baserede Neurotransmitter Fluorescerende Engineered Journalister (CNiFERs) for Optical Påvisning af Neurotransmittere<em&gt; In vivo</em

Cell-based neurotransmitter fluorescent engineered reporters (CNiFERs) provide a new tool for neuroscientists to optically detect the release of ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Construction of Cell-based Neurotransmitter Fluorescent Engineered Reporters (CNiFERs) for Optical Detection of Neurotransmitters In Vivo

Retrograde Fluorescent Labeling Allows for Targeted Extracellular Single-unit Recording from Identified Neurons In vivo

Retrograde Fluorescent Labeling Allows for Targeted Extracellular Single-unit Recording from Identified Neurons In vivo

Retrograd fluorescensmærkning Tillader Målrettet Extracellular Single-unit Optagelse fra Identificerede Neuroner<em&gt; In vivo</em

The overall goal of this method is to record single-unit responses from an identified population of neurons. In vivo electrophysiological recordings from ...

Functional Neuroimaging Using Ultrasonic Blood-brain Barrier Disruption and Manganese-enhanced MRI

Funktionel Neuroimaging Med Ultrasonic blod-hjerne barrieren forstyrrelser og mangan-forstærket MRI

Although mice are the dominant model system for studying the genetic and molecular underpinnings of neuroscience, functional neuroimaging in mice remains ...

Thinned-skull Cortical Window Technique for In Vivo Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging

Thinned-skull Cortical Window Technique for In Vivo Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging

Tyndet-skull Cortical Window Teknik for<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a biomedical imaging technique  with high spatial-temporal resolution. With its minimally invasive approach OCT  has ...

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining

Påvisning af genom og Udskrifter af en Vedvarende DNA-virus i neuronvæv af Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Kombineret med Immunfarvning

Single cell codetection of a gene, its RNA product and cellular regulatory proteins is critical to study gene expression regulation. This is a challenge ...

Modeling Astrocytoma Pathogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo Using Cortical Astrocytes or Neural Stem Cells from Conditional, Genetically Engineered Mice

Modeling Astrocytoma Pathogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo Using Cortical Astrocytes or Neural Stem Cells from Conditional, Genetically Engineered Mice

Modeling astrocytom Patogenese<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Og<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; Brug Kortikal Astrocyter eller neurale stamceller fra Betinget, gensplejset Mus

Current astrocytoma models are limited in their ability to define the roles of oncogenic mutations in specific brain cell types during disease ...

Simultaneous ex vivo Functional Testing of Two Retinas by in vivo Electroretinogram System

Simultaneous ex vivo Functional Testing of Two Retinas by in vivo Electroretinogram System

Samtidige<em&gt; Ex vivo</em&gt; Functional Test af to nethinder af<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; Elektroretinogrammet System

An In vivo electroretinogram (ERG) signal is composed of several overlapping components originating from different retinal cell types, as well as noise ...

Optical Monitoring of Living Nerve Terminal Labeling in Hair Follicle Lanceolate Endings of the Ex Vivo Mouse Ear Skin

Optical Monitoring of Living Nerve Terminal Labeling in Hair Follicle Lanceolate Endings of the Ex Vivo Mouse Ear Skin

Optisk Overvågning af Living Nerve Terminal Mærkning i hårsækken lancetformede Endings af<em&gt; Ex vivo</em&gt; Mus Ear Skin

A novel dissection and recording technique is described for optical monitoring staining and de-staining of lanceolate terminals surrounding hair follicles ...

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo

Optisk kohærens tomografi: Imaging mus Retinal Ganglion celler In Vivo

Structural changes in the retina are common manifestations of ophthalmic diseases. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables their identification in ...

Measuring In Vivo Changes in Extracellular Neurotransmitters During Naturally Rewarding Behaviors in Female Syrian Hamsters

Measuring In Vivo Changes in Extracellular Neurotransmitters During Naturally Rewarding Behaviors in Female Syrian Hamsters

Måling In Vivo ændringer i ekstracellulær neurotransmittere under naturligt belønne adfærd i kvindelige syriske hamstere

The ability to measure neurotransmitter release on a rapid time scale allows patterns of neurotransmission to be linked to specific behaviors or ...

In Vivo Monitoring of Circadian Clock Gene Expression in the Mouse Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Using Fluorescence Reporters

In Vivo Monitoring of Circadian Clock Gene Expression in the Mouse Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Using Fluorescence Reporters

In Vivo Overvågning af døgnrytmen ur genekspression i mus Suprachiasmatic kernen bruger fluorescens journalister

This technique combines optical fiber mediated fluorescence recordings with the precise delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus based gene ...