Name: a method for evaluating the reinforcing properties of ethanol in rats without water deprivation, saccharin fading or extended access training
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Ethanol in Rats without Water Deprivation, Saccharin Fading or Extended Access Training at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af Forskningsrådet svensk.

Alle procedurer udføres i overensstemmelse med NIH Guide for Pleje og anvendelse af forsøgsdyr. 1. Animal Care og Boligstyrelsen <ol><li> Ved ankomsten i kolonien, huse Wistar hanrotter med en vægt 200 - 225 g ved ankomst i par i en temperatur (21 ° C) og luftfugtighed-kontrolleret miljø med en omvendt 12 timers lys-mørke cyklus. Bemærk: Afhængigt af begrundelsen for forsøgene, kan rotterne være single-opstaldet. </li><li> Tillad rotterne at akklimatisere til vivarium og lyset cyklus i mindst ...

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Med denne protokol, er vi præsentere en ny metode til at erhverve og opretholde en stabil oral selvadministration af 20% ethanol i rotter, at i modsætning til klassiske modeller af ethanol selvadministration ikke kræver brug af vand afsavn, udvidet adgang uddannelse, eller saccharin / saccharose fading 12. Desuden naltrexon, en for tiden FDA-godkendt medicin for alkoholafhængighed, held nedsætter alkohol selvforvaltning og motivationen til at indtage alkohol af Wistar rotter trænet med denne protokol. D...

Udviklingen af ​​dyremodeller til at studere de forstærkende virkninger af narkotika har vist et vigtigt redskab til at studere menneskelig stofmisbrug. Mere specifikt operant selvadministration er et meget anvendt adfærdsmæssige model, der er en af ​​de mest effektive midler til vurdering af de positive forstærkende virkninger af en oralt indtaget ethanolopløsning. En tidlig problem med at udvikle en sådan model var den primære afskrækningsmiddel smag af høje koncentrationer af ethanol til de fleste gnavere, et fænomen, der deles også hos mennesker med ringe eller ingen erfaring med alkohol 1. En standard-protokol til at overvinde denne barriere kræver vand afsavn og / eller saccharin eller saccharose fading til erhvervelse og vedligeholdelse af selvadministration. Men disse to tilgange er ikke fordelagtige,. De kræver lange perioder med uddannelse til blot indlede reagere for ethanol og opnå en relativ succesrate på overtagelsestidspunktet. Brugen af ​​sødemidler indfører også en potentiel skævhed ifortolkningen af ​​selvadministration data. Disse begrænsninger gælder ikke for følgende protokol. Kort fortalt Samson og kolleger 2 har vist, at opløse ethanol i en sød løsning på 20% sucrose og derefter udtoning sødme over 4 ugers uddannelse er nødvendig for at initiere reagere i 10% ethanol i vand. Desuden er pålidelig indtagelse ethanol normalt opnået i 6 til 8 uger 1-3. Denne fremgangsmåde er yderst problematisk. For det første kræver længere perioder uddannelse, før efterforskere kan begynde at måle ethanol selvadministration. I modsætning hertil intravenøs selvadministration af kokain eller heroin kræver 0 - 1 dage før drug træning på en fødevare-leverer håndtaget i fødevareproducerende dyr begrænset, og stabilt reagere for stof er ofte opnået i 10 - 12 dage 4,5. En anden begrænsning ved denne metode er, at saccharin og sucrose er meget givende til rotter og fremkalde hjernens aktiveringsmønstre similar til misbrugsstoffer, således at indføre muligheden for andre variable i ethanol selvadministration studerer 6-9. Endelig rotter erhverve selvadministration af et ethanol løsning ved hjælp af denne metode viser variation i anskaffelse og svarprocent 1,10, med en væsentlig del af rotter konsekvent udelukket fra eksperimenter på grund af mislykket erhvervelse og / eller utilstrækkelig svarprocent. Derimod med denne protokol, præsenterer vi en enkel, men effektiv metode til anskaffelse og vedligeholdelse af oral selvadministration af en 20% ethanol i vand løsning, der ikke nødvendiggør vand afsavn, saccharose / saccharin fading eller udvidet adgang uddannelse. En nylig undersøgelse viste, at selvadministration til oral ethanol viser et omvendt U formet dosisresponskurve med højeste indtag ethanol under selvadministration i en koncentration på 20% ethanol, hvilket giver et rationale for valg 20% ​​ethanol opløsning i vores experimEntal design 11.

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a method for evaluating the reinforcing properties of ethanol in rats without water deprivation, saccharin fading or extended access training

Operant orale self-administration metoder er almindeligt anvendt til at undersøge de forstærkende egenskaber af ethanol i dyr. Men standard metoder kræver saccharin / sucrose fading, vand afsavn og / eller udvidet uddannelse til at indlede operant reagerer i rotter. Dette papir beskriver en ny og effektiv metode til hurtigt at indlede operant reagere for ethanol, der er bekvemt for eksperimentatorer og kræver ikke vand afsavn eller saccharin / sucrose fading, og dermed fjerne den potentielle forvirre af at bruge sødestoffer i ethanol operant selv-administration studier. Med denne metode, Wistar rotter typisk erhverve og vedligeholde selvadministration af en ethanolopløsning 20% ​​på mindre end to ugers træning. Desuden er blod ethanolkoncentrationer og belønninger positivt korreleret til en 30 min selvadministration session. Endvidere naltrexon, en FDA-godkendt medicin for alkoholafhængighed, der har vist sig at undertrykke ethanol selvadministrationhos gnavere, dosisafhængigt nedsætter alkoholindtagelse og motivation til at indtage alkohol for rotter selv-administrering 20% ​​ethanol, hvilket validerer anvendelsen af ​​denne nye metode til at studere de forstærkende egenskaber af alkohol hos rotter.

Figur 1 viser den repræsentative selvadministration adfærd operant- og narkotikarelaterede naive Wistar rotter (otte forskellige kohorter beløber sig til i alt 239 rotter) er uddannet på en FR1 tidsplan til selv at administrere 20% ethanol uden vand afsavn eller saccharin / saccharose fading i løbet af 30-minutters sessioner. Med denne protokol, rotter indleder løftestang trykke på for at opnå en ethanol belønning meget hurtigt, allerede opnå mere end 10 beløn...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Ethanol in Rats without Water Deprivation, Saccharin Fading or Extended Access Training at JoVE.com

A Method for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Ethanol in Rats without Water Deprivation, Saccharin Fading or Extended Access Training

Denne protokol beskriver en hidtil ukendt og effektiv fremgangsmåde til hurtigt initiere operant reagere for ethanol i rotter, som, i modsætning til standardmetoder, ikke kræver vand deprivation eller saccharin / saccharose fading at indlede reagere.

En metode til evaluering af forstærkende egenskaber af ethanol i rotter uden vand afsavn, Saccharin Fading eller udvidet adgang Uddannelse

Operant oral self-administration methods are commonly used to study the reinforcing properties of ethanol in animals. However, the standard methods ...

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