Name: organoids as model for infectious diseases: culture of human and murine stomach organoids and microinjection of helicobacter pylori
Uploaded: 2015-11-12T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Organoids as Model for Infectious Diseases: Culture of Human and Murine Stomach Organoids and Microinjection of Helicobacter Pylori at JoVE.com

This work was supported by EU Marie Curie Fellowship (EU/300686-InfO) to S.B. and a Research Prize from the United European Gastroenterology Foundation to H.C. We would like to thank Harry Begthel, Jeroen Korving and the Hubrecht Imaging Center for technical assistance, Meritxell Huch for help with initial organoid culture and Yana Zavros for discussion.

1. Estabelecimento de gástrico organï¿½de Cultura Nota: Este protocolo pode ser utilizado para o isolamento de glândulas gástricas de murganho ou tecido humano. Aconselha-se a usar o tecido de aproximadamente 1 cm². O tecido humano pode ser obtido a partir de biópsias gástricas ou ressecção. <ol><li> Preparação de material Nota: A matriz basal utilizado é de Matrigel. Manter a matriz porão em gelo em todos os momentos. Armazenar a matriz basal a -20 ° C e descongelar...

<ol>
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This protocol describes the use of ever-expanding, untransformed primary organoids from adult stem cells for infection biology. Critical steps are i) the isolation of viable glands, ii) expansion of organoids and iii) the microinjection. Below are some suggestions for modifications, troubleshooting and technical considerations. 
Compared to other isolation methods, which use vigorous shaking or pipetting to release glands and can be equally successful, the technique presented here has the adva...

O estudo de agentes patogénicos se baseia em sistemas modelo adequados para imitar a infecção in vivo. Para alguns agentes infecciosos, sistemas modelo adequados faltam enquanto alguns dos sistemas usados ​​estão longe de ser ideal. Um exemplo é a bactéria gástrica Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), que está causalmente relacionada com o desenvolvimento de cancro gástrico. No entanto, na ausência de um sistema de cultura de células mais adequado, muitos estudos que objetivam analisar os mecanismos moleculares subjacentes linhas celulares de cancro uso de desenvolvimento de câncer, que representam o ponto final da cascata canceroso. Pilhas, não transformadas seria um modelo melhor para estes estudos. No entanto, as células primárias são disponíveis apenas a partir de um pequeno número de doadores e não podem ser cultivadas durante longos períodos de tempo. Nos últimos anos, a pesquisa com células-tronco tem feito progressos significativos para proporcionar novas fontes de culturas de células primárias para o estudo da biologia da infecção. Culturas a partir detrês fontes de células-tronco têm sido utilizadas: as células-tronco embrionárias (ESC), células-tronco pluripotentes induzidas (IPSC) ou células-tronco adultas. Eles têm sido utilizados para modelar as infecções com os vírus, tais como o citomegalovírus ou 1,2 Vírus da Hepatite C 3 - 7, parasitas, tais como Plasmodium falciparum, Toxoplasma gondii 8 ou 9, e as bactérias, tais como Bacterioides thetaiotaomicron 10 ou Salmonella enterica 11. Mais recentemente, várias abordagens têm sido publicados para modelar a infecção por H. pylori com Organóides derivados de ESC ou iPS células 12, as células-tronco adultas 21,22 rato ou humanas células-tronco adultas 13 - 15. O desenvolvimento de culturas de células organï¿½de estaminais adultas originado a partir de um estudo, no qual as células estaminais individuais isolados a partir de epitélio intestinal murino foram semeadas em uma matriz de 3-dimensional eincorporado em meio que mimetizava o ambiente das células estaminais intestinais contendo EGF como mitogénio, R-espondina para melhorar a sinalização Wnt e Noggin para inibir proteína morfogénica do osso (BMP) de sinalização 16. Nomeadamente estas culturas não requer a co-cultura com células mesenquimais. Nestas condições, as células estaminais proliferar e formar pequenas estruturas com domínios abrigar células das criptas intestinais, e domínios que contêm as células das vilosidades intestinais. Os Organóides assim se auto-organizar para imitar a situação in vivo. Hoje em dia, as células estaminais adultas a partir de diversos tecidos de murino e humanas podem ser crescidas in vitro e auto-organizar em Organóides que se assemelham a sua contraparte in vivo, tais como o intestino delgado e cólon 17, estômago 13,18, 19,20 fígado, pâncreas e 21 próstata 22. Aqui nós fornecemos um protocolo de vídeo à cultura mouse ou Organóides gástricos humanos de cel-tronco adultasls e microinject-los com H. pylori. Este protocolo é baseado em relatórios anteriores 13,18. Este método pode ser adaptado para a cultura e infectar outras culturas, tais como organï¿½de Organóides intestinais.

<table border="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Medium</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15630-056</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Advanced DMEM/F12</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>12634-028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matrigel, GFR, phenol free</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>356231</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GlutaMAX</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>35050-079</td>
			<td>Stock concentration 200 mM, final concentration 2 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>B27</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>17504-044</td>
			<td>Stock concentration 50 x, final concentration 1x</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N-Acetylcysteine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A9165-5G</td>
			<td>Stock concentration 500 mM, final concentration 1 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Murine recombinant EGF</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>PMG8043</td>
			<td>Stock concentration 500 &#181;g/mL, final concentration 50 ng/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human recombinant FGF10</td>
			<td>Peprotech</td>
			<td>100-26</td>
			<td>Stock concentration 100 &#181;g/mL, final concentration 200 ng/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TGF&#946;i A-83-01</td>
			<td>Tocris</td>
			<td>2939</td>
			<td>Stock concentration 500 &#181;M, final concentration 2 &#181;M&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nicotinamide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>N0636</td>
			<td>Stock concentration 1 M, final concentration 10 mM&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>[Leu15]-Gastrin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G9145</td>
			<td>Stock concentration 100 &#181;M, final concentration 1 nM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RHOKi Y-27632</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Y0503</td>
			<td>Stock concentration 10 mM, final concentration 10 &#181;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wnt3A conditioned medium</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Stable cell line generated in the Clevers Lab. Final concentration 50%. Cells can be obtained from Hans Clevers.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>R-spondin1 conditioned medium</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Stable cell line generated in the Kuo Lab. Final concentration 10%. Cell line can be obtained from Calvin Kuo, Stanford.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Noggin conditioned medium</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Stable cell line generated in the Clevers Lab. Final concentration 10%. Cells can be obtained from Hans Clevers.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>R-spondin3</td>
			<td>R&#38;D</td>
			<td>3500-RS/CF</td>
			<td>Alternative source for R-spondin. This has been tested on human intestine organoids (1 &#181;g/mL), but not yet on gastric organoids.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Noggin</td>
			<td>Peprotech</td>
			<td>120-10</td>
			<td>Alternative source for noggin. This has been tested on human intestine organoids (100 ng/mL), but not yet on gastric organoids.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TrypLE express</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>12605036</td>
			<td>Enzymatic dissociation solution&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CoolCell&#174; Alcohol-Free Cell Freezing Containers</td>
			<td>biocision</td>
			<td>BCS-405</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recovery Cell Culture Freezing Medium</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>12648-010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antibiotics</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Primocin</td>
			<td>Invivogen</td>
			<td>ant-pm-1</td>
			<td>An antibiotics composition agains bacteria and fungi. It is helpful after initiation of a culture. For long term culture you can switch to other antibiotics or none.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td>Stock concentration 10000/10000 U/mL, final concentration 100/100 U/mL. Can be used alternatively to Primocin in long term culture.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Other</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tweezers</td>
			<td>Neolabs</td>
			<td>2-1033</td>
			<td>Tweezers with fine tips are helpful for the removal of muscle layer from the tissue.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4 Well Multidishes</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>144444</td>
			<td>You can use other Multidishes. These were particularly helpful for microinjections because they have a low outer rim and allow more mobility for the manipulator.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micromanipulator</td>
			<td>Narishige</td>
			<td>M-152</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microinjector</td>
			<td>Narishige</td>
			<td>IM-5B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereomicroscope</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>MZ75</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Workbench</td>
			<td>Clean Air</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Custom made to fit the stereomicroscope in ML2 condition</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cappillaries</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>GC100T-10</td>
			<td>1 mm outer diameter, 0,78 mm inner diameter.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micropipette Puller</td>
			<td>Sutter Instruments</td>
			<td>Flaming Brown Micropipette Puller</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti Cag A antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>sc-25766</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

organoids as model for infectious diseases: culture of human and murine stomach organoids and microinjection of helicobacter pylori

Recently infection biologists have employed stem cell derived cultures to answer the need for new and better models to study host-pathogen interactions. Three cellular sources have been used: Embryonic stem cells (ESC), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) or adult stem cells. Here, culture of mouse and human gastric organoids derived from adult stem cells is described and used for infection with the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Human gastric glands are isolated from resection material, seeded in a basement matrix and embedded in medium containing growth factors epidermal growth factor (EGF), R-spondin, Noggin, Wnt, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 10, gastrin and transforming growth factor (TGF) beta inhibitor. In these conditions, gastric glands grow into 3-dimensional organoids containing 4 lineages of the stomach. The organoids expand indefinitely and can be frozen and thawed similarly as cell lines. For infection studies, bacteria are microinjected into the lumen of the organoids. Infected organoids are processed for imaging. The described methods can be adapted to other organoids and infections with other bacteria, viruses or parasites. This allows the study of infection-induced changes in primary cells.

Este protocolo permite o isolamento de glândulas gástricas (Figura 2). Glândulas são semeadas em matriz basal, que se solidifica como gota dentro de um poço, fornecendo uma estrutura 3 dimensional rica em laminina e colagénio para permitir que as glândulas crescer em Organóides (Figura 3). Organóides geralmente começam como pequenas cistos e dentro de 12-16 dias, que se expandem para as esferas com um diâmetro de 50-300 ^ M (Figura 4). Alguns Organóides vai ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Organoids as Model for Infectious Diseases: Culture of Human and Murine Stomach Organoids and Microinjection of Helicobacter Pylori at JoVE.com

Organoids as Model for Infectious Diseases: Culture of Human and Murine Stomach Organoids and Microinjection of Helicobacter Pylori

Stem cell derived cultures harbor tremendous potential to model infectious diseases. Here, the culture of mouse and human gastric organoids derived from adult stem cells is described. The organoids are microinjected with the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori.

Organóides como modelo para Doenças Infecciosas: Cultura dos Direitos Humanos e Organóides e estômago murino Microinjection do Helicobacter pylori

Recently infection biologists have employed stem cell derived cultures to answer the need for new and better models to study host-pathogen interactions. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay

Detecção de vírus infecciosos de Campo mosquitos coletados por Vero Ensaio Cultura de Células

Mosquitoes transmit a number of distinct viruses including important human pathogens such as West Nile virus, dengue virus, and chickungunya virus. Many ...

Imunologia e Infecção

High Resolution Electron Microscopy of the Helicobacter pylori Cag Type IV Secretion System Pili Produced in Varying Conditions of Iron Availability

High Resolution Electron Microscopy of the Helicobacter pylori Cag Type IV Secretion System Pili Produced in Varying Conditions of Iron Availability

Alta resolução de Microscopia Eletrônica da<em&gt; Helicobacter pylori</em&gt; Cag Tipo IV Secreção Sistema Pili Produzido em diferentes condições de Ferro Disponibilidade

Helicobacter pylori is a helical-shaped, gram negative bacterium that colonizes the human gastric niche of half of the human population1,2.  H. pylori is ...

The Ex Vivo Culture and Pattern Recognition Receptor Stimulation of Mouse Intestinal Organoids

The Ex Vivo Culture and Pattern Recognition Receptor Stimulation of Mouse Intestinal Organoids

o<em&gt; Ex Vivo</em&gt; Cultura e Reconhecimento de Padrões Receptor Stimulation of Mouse Intestinal Organóides

Primary intestinal organoids are a valuable model system that has the potential to significantly impact the field of mucosal immunology. However, the ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine Small Intestinal Lymphocytes

Isolamento e Caracterização de citometria de fluxo de linfócitos de murino Intestino Delgado

The intestines &#8212; which contain the largest number of immune cells of any organ in the body &#8212; are constantly exposed to foreign antigens, both ...

The Madagascar Hissing Cockroach as an Alternative Non-mammalian Animal Model to Investigate Virulence, Pathogenesis, and Drug Efficacy

O Madagascar silvando barata como um modelo de animais não-mamíferos alternativo para investigar a eficácia da droga, patogenia e virulência

Many aspects of innate immunity are conserved between mammals and insects. An insect, the Madagascar hissing cockroach from the genus Gromphadorhina, can ...

Mouse Models Of Helicobacter Infection And Gastric Pathologies

Mouse Models Of Helicobacter Infection And Gastric Pathologies

Modelos de mouse da infecção por Helicobacter e patologias gástricas

Helicobacter pylori is a gastric pathogen that is present in half of the global population and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in ...

Preparation of Murine Submandibular Salivary Gland for Upright Intravital Microscopy

Preparação de murino das glândulas salivares Submandibular para microscopia Intravital vertical

The submandibular salivary gland (SMG) is one of the three major salivary glands, and is of interest for many different fields of biological research, ...

Identification of Mouse and Human Antibody Repertoires by Next-Generation Sequencing

Identificação de Mouse e repertórios de anticorpo humano por sequenciamento de próxima geração

The immense adaptability of antigen recognition by antibodies is the basis of the acquired immune system. Despite our understanding of the molecular ...

Isolation of Single Intracellular Bacterial Communities Generated from a Murine Model of Urinary Tract Infection for Downstream Single-cell Analysis

Isolamento de comunidades de bacterianas intracelulares único gerado a partir de um modelo murino de infecção do trato urinário para análise de célula única a jusante

In this article, we outline a procedure used to isolate individual intracellular bacterial communities from a mouse that has been experimentally infected ...

Retrograde Parotid Gland Infusion through Stensen's Duct in a Non-Human Primate for Vectored Gene Delivery

Infusão de glândula parotóide retrógrada através do duto de Stensen em um primata não humano para entrega de genes vetoriados

Salivary glands are an attractive tissue target for gene therapy with promising results already leading to human trials. They are inherently capable of ...