Name: chromatin immunoprecipitation assay for the identification of arabidopsis protein-dna interactions in vivo
Uploaded: 2016-01-14T16:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo at JoVE.com

The authors would like to acknowledge The Plant Cell for allowing the use of some data published in this journal to elaborate the representative results described here in Figure 4. This work was supported by the EU 7FP Marie Curie-Initial Training Network EpiTRAITS (Grant Agreement 316965), and by the Spanish Ministerio de Econom&#236;a y Competitividad (grants BIO2010-15589 and BIO2013-43098-R).

1. Tværbinding af plantematerialet (1 time) <ol><li> Grow Arabidopsis liner i forsøget (vildtype - WT - versus mutanter, og / eller der udtrykker den mærkede version af proteinet af interesse versus der udtrykker mærket ikke fusioneret til et hvilket som helst protein) i 12-18 dage på store petriskåle (150 mm) med MS-agarmedium (1 L: 1x Murashige &amp; Skoog salte, 10 g saccharose, 0,5 g MES, pH 5,7 (KOH), 1% agar). Alternativt kan dyrke planter på potter indeholdende 3: 1 blanding af jord og vermiculit. ...

<ol>
	<li>Andres, F., Coupland, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+genetic+basis+of+flowering+responses+to+seasonal+cues.">The genetic basis of flowering responses to seasonal cues.</a> Nat Rev Genet. 13 (9), 627-639 (2012).</li><li>Capovilla, G., Schmid, M., Pose, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+flowering+by+ambient+temperature.">Control of flowering by ambient temperature.</a> J Exp Bot. 66 (1), 59-69 (2015).</li><li>Jarillo, J. A., Pi&#241;eiro, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Timing+is+everything+in+plant+development.+The+central+role+of+floral+repressors.">Timing is everything in plant development. The central role of floral repressors.</a> Plant Science. 181 (4), 364-378 (2011).</li><li>Pajoro, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+(r)evolution+of+gene+regulatory+networks+controlling+Arabidopsis+plant+reproduction:+a+two-decade+history.">The (r)evolution of gene regulatory networks controlling Arabidopsis plant reproduction: a two-decade history.</a> J Exp Bot. 65 (17), 4731-4745 (2014).</li><li>He, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chromatin+regulation+of+flowering.">Chromatin regulation of flowering.</a> Trends Plant Sci. 17 (9), 556-562 (2012).</li><li>Jarillo, J. A., Pineiro, M., Cubas, P., Martinez-Zapater, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chromatin+remodeling+in+plant+development.">Chromatin remodeling in plant development.</a> International Journal of Developmental Biology. 53 (8-10), 1581-1596 (2009).</li><li>Saleh, A., Alvarez-Venegas, R., Avramova, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+efficient+chromatin+immunoprecipitation+(ChIP)+protocol+for+studying+histone+modifications+in+Arabidopsis+plants.">An efficient chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) protocol for studying histone modifications in Arabidopsis plants.</a> Nat Protoc. 3 (6), 1018-1025 (2008).</li><li>Haring, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chromatin+immunoprecipitation:+optimization,+quantitative+analysis+and+data+normalization.">Chromatin immunoprecipitation: optimization, quantitative analysis and data normalization.</a> Plant Methods. 3, 11 (2007).</li><li>Kaufmann, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chromatin+immunoprecipitation+(ChIP)+of+plant+transcription+factors+followed+by+sequencing+(ChIP-SEQ)+or+hybridization+to+whole+genome+arrays+(ChIP-CHIP).">Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of plant transcription factors followed by sequencing (ChIP-SEQ) or hybridization to whole genome arrays (ChIP-CHIP).</a> Nat Protoc. 5 (3), 457-472 (2010).</li><li>Gomez-Mena, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=early+bolting+in+short+days:+An+Arabidopsis+mutation+that+causes+early+flowering+and+partially+suppresses+the+floral+phenotype+of+leafy.">early bolting in short days: An Arabidopsis mutation that causes early flowering and partially suppresses the floral phenotype of leafy.</a> Plant Cell. 13 (5), 1011-1024 (2001).</li><li>Pi&#241;eiro, M., Gomez-Mena, C., Schaffer, R., Martinez-Zapater, J. M., Coupland, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=EARLY+BOLTING+IN+SHORT+DAYS+is+related+to+chromatin+remodeling+factors+and+regulates+flowering+in+Arabidopsis+by+repressing+FT.">EARLY BOLTING IN SHORT DAYS is related to chromatin remodeling factors and regulates flowering in Arabidopsis by repressing FT.</a> Plant Cell. 15 (7), 1552-1562 (2003).</li><li>Lopez-Gonzalez, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chromatin-dependent+repression+of+the+Arabidopsis+floral+integrator+genes+involves+plant+specific+PHD-containing+proteins.">Chromatin-dependent repression of the Arabidopsis floral integrator genes involves plant specific PHD-containing proteins.</a> Plant Cell. 26 (10), 3922-3938 (2014).</li><li>Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F., Maniatis, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. , (1989).</li><li>Lorenz, T. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polymerase+Chain+Reaction:+Basic+Protocol+Plus+Troubleshooting+and+Optimization+Strategies.">Polymerase Chain Reaction: Basic Protocol Plus Troubleshooting and Optimization Strategies.</a> J. Vis. Exp. , e3998 (2012).</li><li>Wong, M. L., Medrano, J. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+PCR+for+mRNA+quantitation.">Real-time PCR for mRNA quantitation.</a> Biotechniques. 39 (1), 75-85 (2005).</li><li>Dedon, P. C., Soults, J. A., Allis, C. D., Gorovsky, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simplified+formaldehyde+fixation+and+immunoprecipitation+technique+for+studying+protein-DNA+interactions.">A simplified formaldehyde fixation and immunoprecipitation technique for studying protein-DNA interactions.</a> Anal Biochem. 197 (1), 83-90 (1991).</li><li>Yu, C. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HISTONE+DEACETYLASE6+interacts+with+FLOWERING+LOCUS+D+and+regulates+flowering+in+Arabidopsis.">HISTONE DEACETYLASE6 interacts with FLOWERING LOCUS D and regulates flowering in Arabidopsis.</a> Plant Physiology. 156 (1), 173-184 (2011).</li><li>Zhou, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome-wide+profiling+of+histone+H3+lysine+9+acetylation+and+dimethylation+in+Arabidopsis+reveals+correlation+between+multiple+histone+marks+and+gene+expression.">Genome-wide profiling of histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation and dimethylation in Arabidopsis reveals correlation between multiple histone marks and gene expression.</a> Plant Mol Biol. 72 (6), 585-595 (2010).</li><li>Lafos, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+regulation+of+H3K27+trimethylation+during+Arabidopsis+differentiation.">Dynamic regulation of H3K27 trimethylation during Arabidopsis differentiation.</a> PLoS Genet. 7 (4), e1002040 (2011).</li><li>Barcala, M., Fenoll, C., Escobar, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laser+microdissection+of+cells+and+isolation+of+high-quality+RNA+after+cryosectioning.">Laser microdissection of cells and isolation of high-quality RNA after cryosectioning.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 883, 87-95 (2012).</li><li>Carter, A. D., Bonyadi, R., Gifford, M. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+use+of+fluorescence-activated+cell+sorting+in+studying+plant+development+and+environmental+responses.">The use of fluorescence-activated cell sorting in studying plant development and environmental responses.</a> Int J Dev Biol. 57 (6-8), 545-552 (2013).</li><li>Deal, R. B., Henikoff, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+INTACT+method+for+cell+type-specific+gene+expression+and+chromatin+profiling+in+Arabidopsis+thaliana.">The INTACT method for cell type-specific gene expression and chromatin profiling in Arabidopsis thaliana.</a> Nat Protoc. 6 (1), 56-68 (2011).</li><li>Zeng, P. Y., Vakoc, C. R., Chen, Z. C., Blobel, G. A., Berger, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+dual+cross-linking+for+identification+of+indirect+DNA-associated+proteins+by+chromatin+immunoprecipitation.">In vivo dual cross-linking for identification of indirect DNA-associated proteins by chromatin immunoprecipitation.</a> Biotechniques. 41 (6), 694-698 (2006).</li><li>Das, P. M., Ramachandran, K., vanWert, J., Singal, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chromatin+immunoprecipitation+assay.">Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.</a> Biotechniques. 37 (6), 961-969 (2004).</li><li>Kaufmann, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Target+genes+of+the+MADS+transcription+factor+SEPALLATA3:+integration+of+developmental+and+hormonal+pathways+in+the+Arabidopsis+flower.">Target genes of the MADS transcription factor SEPALLATA3: integration of developmental and hormonal pathways in the Arabidopsis flower.</a> PLoS Biol. 7 (4), e1000090 (2009).</li></ol>

Chippen protokollen beskrevet her er en reproducerbar og kraftfuld teknik til at analysere interaktioner mellem proteiner og specifikke DNA-sekvenser in vivo i Arabidopsis planter. En vellykket identifikation af bindingssteder til proteinerne af interesse kræver et passende udvalg af planteorganer eller udviklingsstadier, hvor de relevante interaktioner faktisk finder sted. Desuden er det vigtigt at opnå en passende fiksering af plantemateriale og en optimal forskydning af kromatin ved lydbehandling. Meget sp...

I de senere år er der blevet udviklet en lang række genetiske, molekylære og genomiske værktøjer i modellen arter Arabidopsis thaliana. Denne teknologi har lettet enormt fremskridt i forståelsen af, hvordan plantens udvikling er reguleret. Blandt de undersøgte hjælp Arabidopsis som model udviklingsprocesser, har den genetiske kontrol med blomstringstid blevet grundigt analyseret. Disse undersøgelser har vist, at planter modulerer meget præcist tidspunktet for blomstring i respons på endogene tidskoder såsom hormoner og alder af anlægget, og også til miljømæssige signaler såsom fotoperiode og temperatur, der synkroniserer blomstrende tid med den naturlige cyklus af årstider 1, 2. Isoleringen og karakteriseringen af ​​Arabidopsis-mutanter med ændringer i den tid af blomstringen har været determinant afsløre et komplekst netværk af gener, der regulerer blomstringstid som reaktion på endogene og miljømæssige faktorer. Disse genetiske kredsløb erintegreret på niveau med et par master-gener, der fungerer som omskiftere af blomstring, og det nøjagtige tidspunkt for den blomsterarter indvielse afhænger af balancen af blomstring fremme og undertrykke aktiviteter, der arbejder opstrøms for blomster integrator generne 1,3. Den funktionelle karakterisering af gener identificeret for deres rolle i kontrollen af ​​blomstringen initiering, hjulpet af den nylige brug af genomiske metoder, har afsløret den centrale rolle, transkriptionel regulering i modulation af blomstringstid. Faktisk er mange af de master gener af blomstrende indkode transskription faktorer 4. Desuden et antal kromatin remodeling proteinkomplekser påvirke ekspressionen af ​​master-gener af blomstring. En række af de Arabidopsis-mutanter isoleret for deres ændrede blomstringstid viste sig at bære mutationer i gener, der koder en lang række kromatin modifikatorer. Forskellige kromatin remodelers der introducerer posttranslationelle modifikationer i Histone haler, flytte nukleosomer forhold til DNA eller udveksle kanoniske histoner af histon varianter er nødvendige for en korrekt regulering af blomstring i Arabidopsis 5,6. Nogle af disse kromatin remodeling aktiviteter katalyserer deposition eller fjernelse af kovalente modifikationer, såsom acetylering eller methylering i bestemte histon rester. Disse histon mærker er specielt anerkendt af specialiserede effektorer, der rekrutterer andre kromatin remodeling komplekser, transkriptionsfaktorer eller komponenter i det transkriptionelle maskineri til at regulere transkriptionsaktiviteten for blomstrende gener. Kromatin immunofældning (chip) tillader identifikation af in vivo DNA-bindingssteder for proteiner af interesse (Figur 1). Denne fremgangsmåde drager fordel af evnen af ​​visse kemikalier for at tværbinde proteinerne til DNA&#39;et. De resulterende DNA-protein-komplekser kan derefter immunpræcipiteret ved anvendelse af specifikke antistoffer agaInst transkriptionsfaktorer, kromatin-bindende proteiner, eller bestemte modifikationer og heterologe epitoper (almindeligvis benævnt &quot;tags&quot;) er knyttet til valgte protein. DNA oprenset fra disse immunpræcipitater kan anvendes som en skabelon i kvantitativ PCR (qPCR) reaktioner for at vurdere for berigelse af bestemte sekvenser af interesse. På denne måde kan der etableres bindingsstederne af transkriptionsfaktorer eller fordelingen af histon mærker i bestemte gener 7,8. Desuden kombineret med Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) der muliggør massive parallel sekventering har chipteknologi muliggjort hele genomet identifikation af bindingsstederne af transkriptionsfaktorer samt afsløringen epigenomic landskaber af histon modifikationer. Desuden den samtidige analyse af genekspression muligt at overvåge, hvordan bindingen af ​​transkriptionelle regulatorer eller aflejring af særlige histon mærker korrelerer med transkriptionelle aktivity af gener 9. Brugen af chip-protokoller i Arabidopsis har tilladt vurdere virkningen, at en bred vifte af transkriptionelle regulatorer har på kromatin organisering af master-gener af blomstring og hvordan disse strukturelle ændringer påvirke genekspression 5,6. Tidligere resultater viste, at Arabidopsis locus EARLY bolte i korte dage (EBS) fungerer som en repressor af blomstring og mutanter i dette gen viser en acceleration af blomstring og opregulering af master-genet af blomstringen FT. Desuden tab af funktion mutationer i FT fuldt undertrykke tidlige blomstring fænotype EBS mutant planter, hvilket indikerer, at FT er nødvendig for tidlig blomstring i EBS mutanter og at EBS er nødvendig for undertrykkelse af denne master genet af blomstringen 10 , 11. EBS koder en PHD-holdigt protein, der specifikt kan binde histon H3 di- og trimethyleret i the lysin 4-rest (H3K4me2 / 3), hvilket tyder på en rolle for EBS i kromatin-medieret repression af FT 12. Anvendelsen af chip tilgang viste, at Arabidopsis PHD-holdige protein EBS 10,11 binder regulatoriske regioner af blomster integrator genet FT at undertrykke dets ekspression 12. Yderligere data opnået ved anvendelse af chip-teknologi viste, at dette protein er nødvendig for at opretholde et lavt niveau af histonacetylering, kendetegnende for aktiv transkription, i kromatin af denne master gen af ​​blomstringen under indledende stadier af Arabidopsis udvikling. Disse observationer, sammen med genetiske og genekspression data, viser, at denne Arabidopsis PHD-holdige protein har en central rolle i den finjustering af blomstringstid ved at modulere ekspression af blomster integrator genet FT 12. Arbejdet præsenteres her giver en optimeret fremgangsmåde ikke kun nyttig til analyse af histoner, men også for andrechromatin-associerede proteiner, og med øget effektivitet og reducerede eksperimentelle tidspunkt. Illustrerer desuden rapporten, hvordan brugen af ​​chip-protokoller har givet ny indsigt i sammenhængen mellem ændringer i kromatin ændringer og transkriptionelle tilstande af plantegener, og hvordan disse kromatin-medierede mekanismer for genekspression indvirkning kontrol på udbruddet af blomstring i Arabidopsis.

<table border="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>MES</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M8250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MS (Murashige and Skoog Basal Salt Mixture)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M5524</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formaldehyde 37%&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>F8775-25</td>
			<td>Use under the fume hood</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Protease inhibitor mix cOmplete ULTRA Tablets, Mini, EDTA-free, EASYpack</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>5892791001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bioruptor Standard sonication device</td>
			<td>Diagenode</td>
			<td>B01010002 (UCD200TO)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>50046</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>QIAquick PCR Purification Kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>28104</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dynabeads&#174; magnetic beads coupled with protein A or protein G</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>10003D/10001D</td>
			<td>Check manufacturer&#8217;s manual for antibody affinity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Miracloth</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>475855</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton&#8482; X-100 Surfact-Amps&#8482; Detergent Solution</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>85112</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>(mouse, rat, rabbit&#8230;)-IgG</td>
			<td>Diagenode</td>
			<td>C15400001, C15420001, C15410206</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetic rack - DynaMag&#8482;-2</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>12321D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>H3K9/14ac polyclonal antibody - Premium&#160;</td>
			<td>Diagenode</td>
			<td>C15410200-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chelex&#174; 100 Resin</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>142-2832</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Proteinase K</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>17916</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Myc Tag Antibody, clone 4A6</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>05-724</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LightCycler&#174; 480 SYBR Green I Master</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>4707516001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

chromatin immunoprecipitation assay for the identification of arabidopsis protein-dna interactions in vivo

Intricate gene regulatory networks orchestrate biological processes and developmental transitions in plants. Selective transcriptional activation and silencing of genes mediate the response of plants to environmental signals and developmental cues. Therefore, insights into the mechanisms that control plant gene expression are essential to gain a deep understanding of how biological processes are regulated in plants. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) technique described here is a procedure to identify the DNA-binding sites of proteins in genes or genomic regions of the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. The interactions with DNA of proteins of interest such as transcription factors, chromatin proteins or posttranslationally modified versions of histones can be efficiently analyzed with the ChIP protocol. This method is based on the fixation of protein-DNA interactions in vivo, random fragmentation of chromatin, immunoprecipitation of protein-DNA complexes with specific antibodies, and quantification of the DNA associated with the protein of interest by PCR techniques. The use of this methodology in Arabidopsis has contributed significantly to unveil transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that control a variety of plant biological processes. This approach allowed the identification of the binding sites of the Arabidopsis chromatin protein EBS to regulatory regions of the master gene of flowering FT. The impact of this protein in the accumulation of particular histone marks in the genomic region of FT was also revealed through ChIP analysis.

Otte vigtigste trin kan fremhæves i denne chip-protokol til identifikation af in vivo protein-DNA interaktioner, herunder dyrkning og høst af plantemateriale, krydsbinding af kromatin, kromatin isolation, kromatin fragmentering, selektiv isolering af komplekserne mellem DNA og proteinet af interesse ved immunopræcipitation, protein fordøjelse, DNA oprensning og qPCR analyse (figur 1). Et afgørende skridt i chippen protokollen er fiksering af DNA-protein interaktioner i et krydsbinding reak...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo at JoVE.com

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo

Kromatin immunofældning er en kraftfuld teknik til identifikation af DNA-bindingssteder fra Arabidopsis proteiner in vivo. Denne procedure omfatter chromatin tværbinding og fragmentering, immunfældning med selektive antistoffer mod proteinet af interesse og qPCR analyse af bundne DNA. Vi beskriver en enkel chip assay optimeret til Arabidopsis planter.

Chromatin Immunpræcipitation Assay til identifikation af Arabidopsis Protein-DNA interaktioner<em&gt; In vivo</em

Intricate gene regulatory networks orchestrate biological processes and developmental transitions in plants. Selective transcriptional activation and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

The functional and structural complexity of the myriad of cells in metazoan organisms arises from a small number of stem cells. Stem cells are ...

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to Assay Dynamic Histone Modification in Activated Gene Expression in Human Cells

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ChIP to Assay Dynamic Histone Modification in Activated Gene Expression in Human Cells

In response to a variety of extracellular ligands, the STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) transcription factors are rapidly recruited ...

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a powerful tool to identify protein:chromatin interactions that occur in the context of living cells 1-3. This ...

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) using Drosophila tissue

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ChIP using Drosophila tissue

Chromatin Immunopræcipitation (CHIP) under anvendelse af Drosophila Væv

Epigenetics remains a rapidly developing field that studies how the chromatin state contributes to differential gene expression in distinct cell types at ...

A Protocol for the Identification of Protein-protein Interactions Based on 15N Metabolic Labeling, Immunoprecipitation, Quantitative Mass Spectrometry and Affinity Modulation

A Protocol for the Identification of Protein-protein Interactions Based on 15N Metabolic Labeling, Immunoprecipitation, Quantitative Mass Spectrometry and Affinity Modulation

En protokol til identifikation af protein-protein interaktioner Udfra<sup&gt; 15</sup&gt; N metabolisk mærkning Immunoprecipitation, Kvantitativ massespektrometri og Affinity Modulation

Protein-protein interactions are fundamental for many biological processes in the cell. Therefore, their characterization plays an important role in ...

Efficient Chromatin Immunoprecipitation using Limiting Amounts of Biomass

Effektiv Kromatin Immunoprecipitation hjælp Begrænsning mængder biomasse

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a  widely-used method for determining the interactions of different proteins with  DNA in chromatin of living ...

Combining Single-molecule Manipulation and Imaging for the Study of Protein-DNA Interactions

Ved at kombinere Single-molekyle manipulation og Imaging for Studiet af protein-DNA interaktioner

The paper describes the combination of optical tweezers and single molecule fluorescence detection for the study of protein-DNA interaction. The method ...