Name: characterization of full set material constants and their temperature dependence for piezoelectric materials using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy
Uploaded: 2016-04-27T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Characterization of Full Set Material Constants and Their Temperature Dependence for Piezoelectric Materials Using Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy at JoVE.co

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11374245), the NIH under Grant No. P41-EB2182, the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (Grant No. 2013J01163), and the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Science (Grant No. SKLA201306).

1.样品制备注意：所希望的大小的PZT-4陶瓷样品可以从许多的PZT陶瓷制造商可以直接订购。一个也可以由使用金刚石切割机更大的PZT陶瓷块切取试样，然后repole恢复通过切割和抛光depoling引起样品。这里，样品形状为具有3 mm与10mm之间的每个维度的平行六面。尺寸较大的样品是没有必要的，但如果样本太小精度可能受到影响。 <ol><li>擦亮长方体样品的表面上有机玻璃磁盘使用<...

<ol>
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这里介绍的RUS技术可以只使用一个样本，它消除了由样品属性的变化来样，这样的自我一致性可以保证测量误差的全套材料常数。该方法可用于任何固体材料具有高品质因数Q，不管他们是压电或没有。所有其他标准表征技术需要多个样品得到充分的数据和难以实现自我一致的数据。 它精确地测量弹性常数是非常重要的<img alt="公式6" src="/files/ftp_upload/53461/image006.jpg" /> ， <img al...

锆钛酸铅（PZT）的压电陶瓷，（1-x）的PbZrO 3 -xPbTiO 3，和其衍生物具有自20世纪50年代1被广泛用于超声换能器，传感器和致动器。许多这些机电装置的在高的温度范围，如在航天和地下测井使用。此外，高功率器件，如治疗超声换能器，压电变压器和声纳投影机，在操作期间经常升温。这种温度上升会改变谐振频率与换能器的焦点，从而导致严重的性能下降。高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）的技术，在临床实践中用于肿瘤的治疗已被使用，使用由PZT陶瓷的超声换能器。在操作过程中，这些换能器的温度会升高，致使PZT谐振器的材料常数的变化，这反过来将改变对HIFU焦点以及输出功率2,3。焦点的转移可能会导致严重的不想要的结果， 即健康组织被破坏，而不是癌组织。另一方面，如果该焦点偏移可以预测，人们可以使用电子设计来校正这种变化。因此，测量压电材料的全套材料特性的温度依赖性是许多机电装置，特别是高功率器件的设计和评价非常重要。 极化的铁电材料是目前已知的最好的压电材料。事实上，几乎所有目前使用的压电材料是铁电材料，包括固溶液PZT陶瓷和（1-x）的铅（镁1/3 Nb的2/3）O 3 -xPbTiO 3（PMN-PT）单晶。阻抗谐振方法的IEEE（电气和电子工程师协会）要求5-7样品drasti卡利以表征的全套材料不同的几何形状常数4。它几乎是不可能获得使用铁电材料在IEEE阻抗谐振方法，因为极化的程度取决于样品几何（边界条件）自洽全套矩阵数据，而样品性质取决于极化水平。以避免由于样品采样变化问题，所有常量应该从一个样品进行测量。 Li等报道了在室温下一个样品的所有常量的成功测量用脉冲回波超声和逆阻抗谱5的组合。不幸的是，这种技术很难在升高的温度，因为它是不可能直接在炉内进行超声测量来执行。也有不能够在高温下工作市售剪切换能器。此外，耦合润滑脂该结合的反能器和样品不能在高温下工作。 在原则上，RUS技术具有以确定压电材料及其温度依赖性的仅使用一个样品6,7的全套材料常数的能力。但也有正常实施RUS技术的几个关键步骤。首先，在室温下的全套张量特性应准确使用脉冲回波和RUS技术的组合来确定。第二，这个房间温度数据集可以被用于预测的谐振频率，并以识别对应的模式匹配所测量的。第三，为从室温升高温度的每个小增量，需要，以便在从所测量的共振谱这个新的温度来检索全套常数针对所测量的共振谱进行频谱重建。然后，使用新的数据集作为新的起点，我们可以<html>另一个小的温度逐步增加的温度下一个温度，以获得全套的常量。继续这一过程将允许我们获得的全套材料常数的温度依赖性。 这里，一个PZT-4压电陶瓷样品用于说明RUS技术的测量程序。该极化PZT-4陶瓷有10个独立的材料常数∞m对称性：5的弹性常数，压电3常量和2的介电常数。由于介电常数不敏感共振频率的变化，它们分别使用相同的样品进行测量。夹持介电常数的温度依赖性<img alt="公式3" src="/files/ftp_upload/53461/image003.jpg" />和<img alt="公式4" src="/files/ftp_upload/53461/image004.jpg" />直接从电容测量测定，而游离介电常数OAD / 53461 / image005.jpg“/&gt;和<img alt="公式（2）" src="/files/ftp_upload/53461/image002.jpg" />同时测定被用作数据一致性检查。在恒定电场弹性刚度常数的温度依赖性<img alt="公式6" src="/files/ftp_upload/53461/image006.jpg" /> ， <img alt="公式7" src="/files/ftp_upload/53461/image007.jpg" /> ， <img alt="式（8）" src="/files/ftp_upload/53461/image008.jpg" /> ， <img alt="公式9" src="/files/ftp_upload/53461/image009.jpg" />和<img alt="10式" src="/files/ftp_upload/53461/image010.jpg" />和压电常数的压力ê15，E 31和E 33人通过使用相同的样本RUS技术确定。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>PZT-4</td>
			<td>TRS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>paraffin</td>
			<td>MTI Corporation</td>
			<td>8002-74-2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>conductive silver paint</td>
			<td>MG Chemicals</td>
			<td>842-20G</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Al2O3 Powder</td>
			<td>MTI Corporation</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>coupling grease</td>
			<td>Panametrics</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

characterization of full set material constants and their temperature dependence for piezoelectric materials using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy

在高功率机电装置的操作中，温度上升是不可避免的因机械和电损耗，从而导致的器件性能的劣化。为了评价使用计算机模拟这种劣化，在高温下充分基质材料特性需要作为输入。它是非常困难的测量对铁电体材料，例如数据由于不同的几何形状的样品之间的强烈的各向异性的性质和属性的变化。因为去极化的程度是由IEEE（电气和电子工程师协会）阻抗共振技术，这需要几个样品用完全不同的几何形状得到的边界条件依赖性，数据，通常缺乏自我一致性。谐振超声光谱（RUS）技术允许仅使用一个样品进行测量的全套材料常数，其可以消除由于样品采样variat错误离子。详细RUS过程这里演示使用锆钛酸铅（PZT-4）压电陶瓷样品。在该示例中，材料常数的成套从室温测到120℃。测得的自由介电常数<img alt="式（1）" src="/files/ftp_upload/53461/image001.jpg" />和<img alt="公式（2）" src="/files/ftp_upload/53461/image002.jpg" />分别与基于所测量的全套数据计算那些比较，并且压电常数ð15和d 33分别使用不同的公式还计算。良好的协议是在温度，这证实了RUS获得的数据集的自洽的整个范围内找到。

在反演中使用的LM法算法是一个局部最小取景器。因此，弹性刚度常数的初始值<img alt="公式6" src="/files/ftp_upload/53461/image006.jpg" /> ， <img alt="公式7" src="/files/ftp_upload/53461/image007.jpg" /> ， <img alt="式（8）" src="/files/ftp_upload/53461/image008.jpg" /> ， <img alt="公式9" src="/files/ftp_upload/53461/image009.jpg" />和<img alt="10式" src="/files/ftp_upload/53461/image010.jpg" />和压电常数，E 15，E<...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Characterization of Full Set Material Constants and Their Temperature Dependence for Piezoelectric Materials Using Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy at JoVE.co

Characterization of Full Set Material Constants and Their Temperature Dependence for Piezoelectric Materials Using Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy

This protocol describes the procedure of measuring the temperature dependence of the full set material constants of piezoelectric materials using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS).

全套材料常数表征及其温度依赖性的压电材料使用共振超声波谱

During the operation of high power electromechanical devices, a temperature rise is unavoidable due to mechanical and electrical losses, causing the ...

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