Name: milk collection in the rat using capillary tubes and estimation of milk fat content by creamatocrit
Uploaded: 2015-12-16T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Milk Collection in the Rat Using Capillary Tubes and Estimation of Milk Fat Content by Creamatocrit at JoVE.com

Ce travaux ont été soutenus par des subventions du Conseil de recherches en génie du Canada (RGPIN 238382-2011) en sciences naturelles et Instituts de recherche en santé (MOP115076) canadiennes. Heather Paul a été soutenu par une bourse d&#39;études supérieures du Conseil de recherches en génie du Canada en sciences naturelles et et une bourse de l&#39;Alberta Innovates Health Solutions. Megan Hallam a été soutenue par une bourse d&#39;études en sciences naturelles et en génie Conseil de recherches de troisième cycle, une bourse Frederick Banting et Charles Best études supérieures du Canada, et de recherche de l&#39;Hôpital Institut de formation Award en génétique, développement de l&#39;enfant, et de la santé à l&#39;enfance de l&#39;Alberta.

Ce protocole a été approuvé par l&#39;Université de Calgary Comité de protection des animaux et conforme à la Guide pour le soin et l&#39;utilisation des animaux de laboratoire. 1. Dam séparée de Offspring <ol><li> Séparer le barrage de sa progéniture pour un minimum de 5 min avant la traite 12. NOTE: Le barrage peut traire jusqu&#39;à 5-6 h après la séparation 1,6,13, mais les périodes de séparation de plus de 4 heures peuvent modifier ...

<ol>
	<li>Izumi, H., Kosaka, N., Shimizu, T., Sekine, K., Ochiya, T., Takase, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Time-dependent+expression+profiles+of+microRNAs+and+mRNAs+in+rat+milk+whey.">Time-dependent expression profiles of microRNAs and mRNAs in rat milk whey.</a> PLoS ONE. 9 (2), e0088843 (2014).</li><li>Hsieh, C. C., Hern&#225;ndez-Ledesma, B., Fern&#225;ndez-Tom&#233;, S., Weinborn, V., Barile, D., de Moura Bell, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Milk+Proteins,+Peptides,+and+Oligosaccharides:+Effects+against+the+21st+Century+Disorders.">Milk Proteins, Peptides, and Oligosaccharides: Effects against the 21st Century Disorders.</a> BioMed Res. Int. , (2015).</li><li>Rogier, E. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lessons+from+mother:+Long-term+impact+of+antibodies+in+breast+milk+on+the+gut+microbiota+and+intestinal+immune+system+of+breastfed+offspring.">Lessons from mother: Long-term impact of antibodies in breast milk on the gut microbiota and intestinal immune system of breastfed offspring.</a> Gut Microbes. 5 (5), 663-668 (2014).</li><li>Keen, C. L., L&#246;nnerdal, B., Clegg, M., Hurley, L. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Developmental+changes+in+composition+of+rat+milk:+trace+elements,+minerals,+protein,+carbohydrate+and+fat.">Developmental changes in composition of rat milk: trace elements, minerals, protein, carbohydrate and fat.</a> J. of Nutr. 111 (2), 226-236 (1981).</li><li>Cabrera-Rubio, R., Collado, M. C., Laitinen, K., Salminen, S., Isolauri, E., Mira, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+human+milk+microbiome+changes+over+lactation+and+is+shaped+by+maternal+weight+and+mode+of+delivery.">The human milk microbiome changes over lactation and is shaped by maternal weight and mode of delivery.</a> Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 96 (3), 544-551 (2012).</li><li>Hallam, M. C., Barile, D., Meyrand, M., German, J. B., Reimer, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maternal+high-protein+or+high-prebiotic-fiber+diets+affect+maternal+milk+composition+and+gut+microbiota+in+rat+dams+and+their+offspring.">Maternal high-protein or high-prebiotic-fiber diets affect maternal milk composition and gut microbiota in rat dams and their offspring.</a> Obesity. 22 (11), 2344-2351 (2014).</li><li>Munch, E. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptome+Profiling+of+microRNA+by+Next-Gen+Deep+Sequencing+Reveals+Known+and+Novel+miRNA+Species+in+the+Lipid+Fraction+of+Human+Breast+Milk.">Transcriptome Profiling of microRNA by Next-Gen Deep Sequencing Reveals Known and Novel miRNA Species in the Lipid Fraction of Human Breast Milk.</a> PLoS ONE. 8 (2), e50564 (2013).</li><li>Li, M., Sloboda, D. M., Vickers, M. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maternal+obesity+and+developmental+programming+of+metabolic+disorders+in+offspring:+Evidence+from+animal+models.">Maternal obesity and developmental programming of metabolic disorders in offspring: Evidence from animal models.</a> Exp Diabetes Res. 2011, (2011).</li><li>Ellis, P. J. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thrifty+metabolic+programming+in+rats+is+induced+by+both+maternal+undernutrition+and+postnatal+leptin+treatment,+but+masked+in+the+presence+of+both:+implications+for+models+of+developmental+programming.">Thrifty metabolic programming in rats is induced by both maternal undernutrition and postnatal leptin treatment, but masked in the presence of both: implications for models of developmental programming.</a> BMC Genomics. 15, 49 (2014).</li><li>Gomez-Gallago, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+to+collect+high+volumes+of+milk+from+mice+(Mus+musculus).">A method to collect high volumes of milk from mice (Mus musculus).</a> An. Vet. Murcia. 29, 55-61 (2013).</li><li>Wang, C. D., Chu, P. S., Mellen, B. G., Shenai, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Creamatocrit+and+the+nutrient+composition+of+human+milk.">Creamatocrit and the nutrient composition of human milk.</a> J. Perinatol. 19 (5), 343-346 (1999).</li><li>Rodgers, C. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Practical+aspects+of+milk+collection+in+the+rat.">Practical aspects of milk collection in the rat.</a> Lab. Anim. 29 (4), 450-455 (1995).</li><li>Godbole, V. Y., Grundleger, M. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Composition+of+rat+milk+from+day+5+to+20+of+lactation+and+milk+intake+of+lean+and+preobese+zucker+pups.">Composition of rat milk from day 5 to 20 of lactation and milk intake of lean and preobese zucker pups.</a> J. Nutr. 111 (3), 480-487 (1981).</li><li>Del Prado, M., Delgado, G., Villalpando, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maternal+lipid+intake+during+pregnancy+and+lactation+alters+milk+composition+and+production+and+litter+growth+in+rats.">Maternal lipid intake during pregnancy and lactation alters milk composition and production and litter growth in rats.</a> J. Nutr. 127 (3), 458-462 (1997).</li><li>Nicholas, K. R., Hartmann, P. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Milk+secretion+in+the+rat:+progressive+changes+in+milk+composition+during+lactation+and+weaning+and+the+effect+of+diet.">Milk secretion in the rat: progressive changes in milk composition during lactation and weaning and the effect of diet.</a> Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A. Comp. Physiol. 98 (3-4), 533-542 (1991).</li><li>Azara, C. R. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ethanol+intake+during+lactation+alters+milk+nutrient+composition+and+growth+and+mineral+status+of+rat+pups.">Ethanol intake during lactation alters milk nutrient composition and growth and mineral status of rat pups.</a> Biol. Res. 41 (3), 317-330 (2008).</li><li>Keen, C. L., L&#246;nnerdal, B., Sloan, M. V., Hurley, L. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+milking+procedure+on+rat+milk+composition.">Effects of milking procedure on rat milk composition.</a> Physiol. Behav. 24 (3), 613-615 (1980).</li><li>Romeu-Nadal, M., Castellote, A. I., L&#242;pez-Sabater, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+cold+storage+on+vitamins+C+and+E+and+fatty+acids+in+human+milk.">Effect of cold storage on vitamins C and E and fatty acids in human milk.</a> Food Chem. 106 (1), 65-70 (2008).</li><li>Lucas, A., Gibbs, J. A., Lyster, R. L., Baum, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Creamatocrit:+simple+clinical+technique+for+estimating+fat+concentration+and+energy+value+of+human+milk.">Creamatocrit: simple clinical technique for estimating fat concentration and energy value of human milk.</a> Br. Med. J. 1 (6119), 1018-1020 (1978).</li><li>Furtado, K., Andrade, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+the+beneficial+and+adverse+effects+of+inhalable+and+injectable+anaesthetics+in+animal+models:+a+mini-review.">Comparison of the beneficial and adverse effects of inhalable and injectable anaesthetics in animal models: a mini-review.</a> OA Anaesthetics. 1 (2), 20 (2013).</li><li>Hausman Kedem, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+advanced+maternal+age+upon+human+milk+fat+content.">The effect of advanced maternal age upon human milk fat content.</a> Breastfeed. Med. 8 (1), 116-119 (2013).</li><li>Mandel, D., Lubetzky, R., Dollberg, S., Barak, S., Mimouni, F. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fat+and+energy+contents+of+expressed+human+breast+milk+in+prolonged+lactation.">Fat and energy contents of expressed human breast milk in prolonged lactation.</a> Pediatrics. 116 (3), e432-e435 (2005).</li></ol>

Investigations into maternal milk components have increased as interest in early life development research rises. As the sole source of nutrition during the neonatal period, the bioactive compounds in milk are essential for ideal growth and development, especially in the context of intestinal and immune health3. The method presented here is a simple, non-invasive method of collecting milk from the lactating rat in amounts sufficient for downstream analysis, such as oligosaccharide profiling6. The me...

Le lait est la seule source de nutrition pour les mammifères nouveau-nés, la fourniture d&#39;énergie et de nutriments pour la croissance du nourrisson et le développement 1,2. Bien que le lait se compose principalement de cellules, des lipides et des protéines 1, il contient également une pléthore de composés bioactifs qui modulent le développement du début de la vie de la progéniture y compris des enzymes, des glucides, des hormones, des anticorps, des facteurs de croissance, des cytokines, des exosomes, des microvésicules et de petits ARN tels comme microARN 1,2. Le rôle fondamental du lait maternel dans l&#39;établissement de la progéniture immunitaire et la santé intestinale 3, couplée avec la preuve que allaités nourrissons sont moins sensibles à la maladie 2, met en évidence l&#39;importance d&#39;identifier les constituants du lait associés aux processus de la maladie en début de vie et les mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans leurs actions. Le rat est le développement d&#39;un modèle populaire pour étudier l&#39;effet de divers nutritionnelle, physiologique, et les interventions chimiques sur débutdéveloppement -life 4. L&#39;analyse du lait de rat peut donc fournir de nouvelles précisions sur la santé maternelle et la progéniture. Avancées scientifiques actuelles prévoient maintenant accroître les possibilités d&#39;enquêtes approfondies sur les effets des constituants du lait spécifiques sur la santé et la maladie. Par exemple, le séquençage des profils bactériennes du lait a élucidé leur rôle dans la colonisation intestinale au début de l&#39;intestin du nourrisson 5, masse analyse par spectrométrie d&#39;oligosaccharides de lait ont donné un aperçu de la modification des profils d&#39;oligosaccharides de lait par l&#39;alimentation maternelle 6, et de séquençage profond des microARN sécrétée dans les globules de lait maternel de graisse met en évidence les rôles possibles dans la transcription des gènes, le métabolisme et la fonction immunitaire 7. Des modèles de rats représentent l&#39;un des organismes modèles les plus populaires utilisés dans les études maternels 8,9. Un avantage est leur période de gestation et de lactation courts, qui ne durent que approximatEly 21 jours chacune; par conséquent, le temps total depuis le début de la grossesse de lactation représente un court laps de temps dans lequel les données de valeur peuvent être générés. La plus grande taille de rats par rapport à des souris, dans le contexte de la collecte du lait, peut fournir un avantage significatif par rapport au volume de lait et de la facilité de collecte du lait; la production de lait chez la souris, par exemple, semble dépendre du poids total du corps avec des souris lourds produisant plus de lait 10. Ici, une description générale pour la collecte manuelle de lait de rates allaitantes est fourni. Ce protocole nécessite un minimum d&#39;équipement, est non invasif, peu coûteux, et peut être utilisé pour collecter des volumes adéquats de lait pour d&#39;autres analyses en aval. En bref, le barrage est anesthésié avec de l&#39;isoflurane, la descente du lait est stimulée par l&#39;ocytocine, et le lait est recueilli dans des tubes capillaires par l&#39;intermédiaire de l&#39;expression manuelle du lait. Enfin, comme deux composantes majeures de lait sont grasses et des protéines, une brève description de l&#39;estimation de la teneur en graisse du lait en utilisant des mesures de creamatocrit 11 et la quantification de la concentration totale en protéines en utilisant un dosage de protéine standard est présenté.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="829">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">Equipment - Milking</td>
			<td style="width:191px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1 ml syringes</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">BD-Canada</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">309602</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">25 G needles</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">BD-Canada</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">305122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">18 G needles</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">BD-Canada</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">305196</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">50 ul Microdispenser Capillary Tubes</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">21-169D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Oxytocin (20 USP Units/ml)</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Bimeda-MTC</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1OXY015</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">PPC Vet Isoflurane Inhalation Anesthetic, 250 ml</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Fresenius Kabi</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M60302</td>
			<td>Used on the order of a veterinarian</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sterile Alcohol Prep Pad</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Dukal</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">853</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Absorbent Bench Underpad</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">82020-845</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Maxi-Therm Hyper/Hypothermia Blanket</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Cincinnati Sub-Zero</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">274</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Rodent Anesthesia Machine with Vaporizer</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Benson Medical Industries Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Subject to individual laboratory needs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:353px;">Animal Masks</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Benson Medical Industries Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">50100/50102</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Microcentrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Axygen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MCT-060-C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ChroMini Professional Trimmer</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Wahl</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">Equipment - Creamatocrit</td>
			<td style="width:191px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">StatSpin SafeCrit Plastic Microhematocrit Tubes (Untreated)</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">22-274-914</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Critoseal Capillary Tube Sealant Tray</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">470161-478</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">StatSpin CritSpin Microhematocrit Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Beckman Coulter, Inc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">X00-004999-001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

milk collection in the rat using capillary tubes and estimation of milk fat content by creamatocrit

Milk, as the sole source of nutrition for the newborn mammal, provides the necessary nutrients and energy for offspring growth and development. It also contains a vast number of bioactive compounds that greatly affect the development of the neonate. The analysis of milk components will help elucidate key factors that link maternal metabolism and health with offspring growth and development. The laboratory rat represents a popular model organism for maternal studies, and rat milk can be used to examine the effect of various maternal physiological, nutritional, and pharmacological interventions on milk components, which may then impact offspring health. Here a simple method of manually collecting milk from the lactating rat that can be performed by a single investigator, does not require specialized vacuum or suction equipment, and provides sufficient milk for subsequent downstream analysis is described. A method for estimating the fat content of milk by measuring the percentage of cream within the milk sample, known as the creamatocrit, is also presented. These methods can ultimately be used to increase insight into maternal-child health and to elucidate maternal factors that are involved in proper growth and development of offspring.

Lait a été recueilli comme décrit au sevrage des barrages Wistar (âgés d&#39;environ 22 semaines, pesant 350 à 400 g) qui a consommé un contrôle (AIN-93G, n = 5), riche en protéines (40% de caséine poids / poids, n = 5) , ou de la fibre prébiotique élevé (21,6% en poids / poids, ratio 1: 1 d&#39;oligofructose et l&#39;inuline, n = 4) régime alimentaire pendant la grossesse et l&#39;allaitement. La dose d&#39;ocytocine était de 2 UI. Le lait a été collecté en utilisant des tubes capillaires, et un tube ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Milk Collection in the Rat Using Capillary Tubes and Estimation of Milk Fat Content by Creamatocrit at JoVE.com

Milk Collection in the Rat Using Capillary Tubes and Estimation of Milk Fat Content by Creamatocrit

Milk is a primary source of nutrition for the neonate. Analysis of milk components may provide insight into maternal factors that affect offspring health. This protocol describes a manual method of collecting milk samples from the lactating rat, which can then be used for further downstream analysis.

La collecte du lait dans le rat en utilisant tubes capillaires et estimation de la teneur du lait en matières grasses en Creamatocrit

Milk, as the sole source of nutrition for the newborn mammal, provides the necessary nutrients and energy for offspring growth and development. It also ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

A Neuronal and Astrocyte Co-Culture Assay for High Content Analysis of Neurotoxicity

Un neuronale et astrocytes de co-culture de dosage pour l&#39;analyse du contenu haute de la neurotoxicité

High Content Analysis (HCA) assays combine cells and detection reagents with automated imaging and powerful image analysis algorithms, allowing ...

Recherche

Biologie

Isolation of Rat Portal Fibroblasts by In situ Liver Perfusion

Isolation of Rat Portal Fibroblasts by In situ Liver Perfusion

Isolement des fibroblastes de rat par portail<em&gt; In situ</emPerfusion du foie&gt;

Liver fibrosis is defined  by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix by activated  myofibroblasts. There are multiple precursors of hepatic ...

Functional Imaging of Brown Fat in Mice with 18F-FDG micro-PET/CT

Functional Imaging of Brown Fat in Mice with 18F-FDG micro-PET/CT

Imagerie fonctionnelle de la graisse brune chez les souris avec FDG micro-PET/CT

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) differs from white adipose  tissue (WAT) by its discrete location and a brown-red color due to rich  vascularization and high ...

Milk Collection Methods for Mice and Reeves' Muntjac Deer

Méthodes de collecte de lait pour souris et Muntjac cerfs de Reeves

Animal models are commonly used throughout research laboratories to accomplish what would normally be considered impractical in a pathogen&#8217;s native ...

Collection and Analysis of Arabidopsis Phloem Exudates Using the EDTA-facilitated Method

Collection and Analysis of Arabidopsis Phloem Exudates Using the EDTA-facilitated Method

Collecte et analyse des<em&gt; Arabidopsis</em&gt; Phloème exsudats Utilisation de la méthode EDTA-animé

The plant phloem is essential for the long-distance transport of (photo-) assimilates as well as of signals conveying biotic or abiotic stress. It ...

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

In Vivo suivi 4-Dimensional de hématopoïétiques cellules souches et progénitrices adultes dans la voûte du crâne de souris de moelle osseuse

Through a delicate balance between quiescence and proliferation, self renewal and production of differentiated progeny, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ...

Cellular Redox Profiling Using High-content Microscopy

Profilage Redox cellulaire utilisant une microscopie haute teneur

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate essential cellular processes including gene expression, migration, differentiation and proliferation. However, ...

Determination of Sialic Acids in Liver and Milk Samples of Wild-type and CMAH Knock-out Mice.

Determination of Sialic Acids in Liver and Milk Samples of Wild-type and CMAH Knock-out Mice.

Détermination des acides sialiques dans les échantillons de foie et de lait de type sauvage et<em&gt; CMAH</em&gt; Souris knock-out.

CMAH (cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase) is responsible for the oxidation of cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acids in ...

Analyzing Starvation-Induced Autophagy in the Drosophila melanogaster Larval Fat Body

Analyzing Starvation-Induced Autophagy in the Drosophila melanogaster Larval Fat Body

Analyse de l’autophagie induite par la famine dans le corps adipeux larvaire de Drosophila melanogaster

Autophagy is a cellular self-digestion process. It delivers cargo to the lysosomes for degradation in response to various stresses, including starvation. ...

Quantification of Skeletal Muscle Fatty Infiltration via Decellularization

Decellularization-Based Quantification of Skeletal Muscle Fatty Infiltration

Decellularization-Based Quantification of Skeletal Muscle Fatty Infiltration (Video) | JoVE 

Quantification basée sur la décellularisation de l’infiltration graisseuse des muscles squelettiques

Fatty infiltration is the accumulation of adipocytes between myofibers in skeletal muscle and is a prominent feature of many myopathies, metabolic ...