Name: orthotopic hind limb transplantation in the mouse
Uploaded: 2016-02-12T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantation in the Mouse at JoVE.com

Questo lavoro è stato supportato dal Esercito, Marina, NIH, Aeronautica, VA e Health Affairs per sostenere lo sforzo AFIRM II, sotto Premio n W81XWH-13-2-0053. L&#39;US Army Medical Research di acquisizione di attività, 820 Chandler Street, Fort Detrick MD 21.702-5.014 è l&#39;Ufficio acquisizione assegnazione e la gestione. Opinioni, interpretazioni, conclusioni e raccomandazioni sono quelle dell&#39;autore e non sono necessariamente condivise dal Dipartimento della Difesa. Gli autori desiderano ringraziare Jessica Izzi, DVM, Caroline Garrett, DVM e Julie Watson, DVM per il loro eccellente supporto veterinario nel corso di questo studio.

Tutti gli esperimenti sono stati condotti in conformità con la guida per la cura e l&#39;uso di animali da laboratorio del National Institute of Health (NIH) e sono stati approvati dal Comitato Johns Hopkins University Animal Care e Usa (JHUACUC). Le procedure specifiche sono state eseguite sotto la MO13M108 protocollo ACUC approvato. Operazione 1. donatore <ol><li> Somministrare l&#39;analgesia al punto momento opportuno per ogni formulazione farmacologica prima di un intervento chirurgico. Come per la cura ...

<ol>
	<li>Khalifian, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Facial+transplantation:+the+first+9+years.">Facial transplantation: the first 9 years.</a> Lancet. , (2014).</li><li>Petruzzo, P., Dubernard, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+International+Registry+on+Hand+and+Composite+Tissue+allotransplantation.">The International Registry on Hand and Composite Tissue allotransplantation.</a> Clin. Transpl. , 247-253 (2011).</li><li>Shores, J. T., Brandacher, G., Lee, W. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hand+and+Upper+Extremity+Transplantation:+An+Update+of+Outcomes+in+the+Worldwide+Experience.">Hand and Upper Extremity Transplantation: An Update of Outcomes in the Worldwide Experience.</a> Plast. Reconstr. Surg. , (2014).</li><li>Levi, D. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transplantation+of+the+abdominal+wall.">Transplantation of the abdominal wall.</a> Lancet. 361, 2173-2176 (2003).</li><li>Strome, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laryngeal+transplantation+and+40-month+follow-up.">Laryngeal transplantation and 40-month follow-up.</a> N.Engl.J. Med. 344, 1676-1679 (2001).</li><li>Rose, K. G., Sesterhenn, K., Wustrow, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tracheal+allotransplantation+in+man.">Tracheal allotransplantation in man.</a> Lancet. 1, 433 (1979).</li><li>Hofmann, G. O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Allogeneic+vascularized+transplantation+of+human+femoral+diaphyses+and+total+knee+joints--first+clinical+experiences.">Allogeneic vascularized transplantation of human femoral diaphyses and total knee joints--first clinical experiences.</a> Transplant. Proc. 30, 2754-2761 (1998).</li><li>Hu, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+preliminary+report+of+penile+transplantation.">A preliminary report of penile transplantation.</a> Eur. Urol. 50, 851-853 (2006).</li><li>Brannstrom, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Livebirth+after+uterus+transplantation.">Livebirth after uterus transplantation.</a> Lancet. , (2014).</li><li>Sarhane, K. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diagnosing+skin+rejection+in+vascularized+composite+allotransplantation:+advances+and+challenges.">Diagnosing skin rejection in vascularized composite allotransplantation: advances and challenges.</a> Clin. Transplant. 28, 277-285 (2014).</li><li>Schneeberger, S., Khalifian, S., Brandacher, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunosuppression+and+monitoring+of+rejection+in+hand+transplantation.">Immunosuppression and monitoring of rejection in hand transplantation.</a> Tech. Hand Up. Extrem. Surg. 17, 208-214 (2013).</li><li>Lee, W. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Relative+antigenicity+of+components+of+a+vascularized+limb+allograft.">Relative antigenicity of components of a vascularized limb allograft.</a> Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 87, 401-411 (1991).</li><li>Sucher, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hemiface+allotransplantation+in+the+mouse.">Hemiface allotransplantation in the mouse.</a> Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 129, 867-870 (2012).</li><li>Ibrahim, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+modified+heterotopic+swine+hind+limb+transplant+model+for+translational+vascularized+composite+allotransplantation+(VCA)+research.">A modified heterotopic swine hind limb transplant model for translational vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) research.</a> J Vis Exp. , (2013).</li><li>Oberhuber, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Murine+cervical+heart+transplantation+model+using+a+modified+cuff+technique.">Murine cervical heart transplantation model using a modified cuff technique.</a> J Vis Exp. , (2014).</li><li>Sucher, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+hind+limb+transplantation:+a+new+composite+tissue+allotransplantation+model+using+nonsuture+supermicrosurgery.">Mouse hind limb transplantation: a new composite tissue allotransplantation model using nonsuture supermicrosurgery.</a> Transplantation. 90, 1374-1380 (2010).</li><li>Maglione, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+technique+for+heterotopic+vascularized+pancreas+transplantation+in+mice+to+assess+ischemia+reperfusion+injury+and+graft+pancreatitis.">A novel technique for heterotopic vascularized pancreas transplantation in mice to assess ischemia reperfusion injury and graft pancreatitis.</a> Surgery. 141, 682-689 (2007).</li><li>Sucher, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Orthotopic+hind-limb+transplantation+in+rats.">Orthotopic hind-limb transplantation in rats.</a> J Vis Exp. , (2010).</li><li>Zou, Y., Brandacher, G., Margreiter, R., Steurer, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cervical+heterotopic+arterialized+liver+transplantation+in+the+mouse.">Cervical heterotopic arterialized liver transplantation in the mouse.</a> J. Surg. Res. 93, 97-100 (2000).</li><li>Zhang, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+mouse+limb+transplantation+model.">Development of a mouse limb transplantation model.</a> Microsurgery. 19, 209-213 (1999).</li><li>Schneeberger, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Upper-extremity+transplantation+using+a+cell-based+protocol+to+minimize+immunosuppression.">Upper-extremity transplantation using a cell-based protocol to minimize immunosuppression.</a> Ann. Surg. 257, 345-351 (2013).</li><li>Azari, K., Brandacher, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vascularized+composite+allotransplantation.">Vascularized composite allotransplantation.</a> Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 18, 631-632 (2013).</li><li>Pomahac, B., Gobble, R. M., Schneeberger, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Facial+and+hand+allotransplantation.">Facial and hand allotransplantation.</a> Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 4, (2014).</li><li>Chong, A. S., Alegre, M. L., Miller, M. L., Fairchild, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lessons+and+limits+of+mouse+models.">Lessons and limits of mouse models.</a> Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 3, a015495 (2013).</li><li>Lin, C. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+neck+as+a+preferred+recipient+site+for+vascularized+composite+allotransplantation+in+the+mouse.">The neck as a preferred recipient site for vascularized composite allotransplantation in the mouse.</a> Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 133, 133e-141e (2014).</li><li>Shapiro, R. I., Cerra, F. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+model+for+reimplantation+and+transplantation+of+a+complex+organ:+the+rat+hind+limb.">A model for reimplantation and transplantation of a complex organ: the rat hind limb.</a> J. Surg. Res. 24, 501-506 (1978).</li><li>Leto Barone, A. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+gracilis+myocutaneous+free+flap+in+swine:+an+advantageous+preclinical+model+for+vascularized+composite+allograft+transplantation+research.">The gracilis myocutaneous free flap in swine: an advantageous preclinical model for vascularized composite allograft transplantation research.</a> Microsurgery. 33, 51-55 (2013).</li><li>Mathes, D. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+preclinical+canine+model+for+composite+tissue+transplantation.">A preclinical canine model for composite tissue transplantation.</a> J. Reconstr. Microsurg. 26, 201-207 (2010).</li><li>Barth, R. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prolonged+survival+of+composite+facial+allografts+in+non-human+primates+associated+with+posttransplant+lymphoproliferative+disorder.">Prolonged survival of composite facial allografts in non-human primates associated with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder.</a> Transplantation. 88, 1242-1250 (2009).</li><li>Brandacher, G., Grahammer, J., Sucher, R., Lee, W. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+for+basic+and+translational+research+in+reconstructive+transplantation.">Animal models for basic and translational research in reconstructive transplantation.</a> Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 96, 39-50 (2012).</li><li>Foster, R. D., Liu, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Orthotopic+hindlimb+transplantation+in+the+mouse.">Orthotopic hindlimb transplantation in the mouse.</a> J. Reconstr. Microsurg. 19, 49 (2002).</li><li>Tung, T. H., Mohanakumar, T., Mackinnon, S. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+Mouse+Model+for+Heterotopic+Limb+and+Composite-Tissue+Transplantation.">Development of a Mouse Model for Heterotopic Limb and Composite-Tissue Transplantation.</a> J. Reconstr. Microsurg. 17, 267-274 (2001).</li><li>Zhang, F., Shi, D. Y., Kryger, Z., Moon, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+mouse+limb+transplantation+model.">Development of a mouse limb transplantation model.</a> Microsurgery. 19 (5), 209-213 (1999).</li><li>Schneeberger, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Atypical+acute+rejection+after+hand+transplantation.">Atypical acute rejection after hand transplantation.</a> Am. J. Transplant. 8, 688-696 (2008).</li><li>Mathes, D. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stable+mixed+hematopoietic+chimerism+permits+tolerance+of+vascularized+composite+allografts+across+a+full+major+histocompatibility+mismatch+in+swine.">Stable mixed hematopoietic chimerism permits tolerance of vascularized composite allografts across a full major histocompatibility mismatch in swine.</a> Transpl. Int. 27, 1086-1096 (2014).</li><li>Yamada, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+CTLA4Ig+for+induction+of+mixed+chimerism+and+renal+allograft+tolerance+in+nonhuman+primates.">Use of CTLA4Ig for induction of mixed chimerism and renal allograft tolerance in nonhuman primates.</a> Am. J. Transplant. 14, 2704-2712 (2014).</li><li>Sachs, D. H., Kawai, T., Sykes, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+tolerance+through+mixed+chimerism.">Induction of tolerance through mixed chimerism.</a> Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 4, a015529 (2014).</li><li>Kawai, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HLA-mismatched+renal+transplantation+without+maintenance+immunosuppression.">HLA-mismatched renal transplantation without maintenance immunosuppression.</a> N. Engl. J. Med. 358, 353-361 (2008).</li><li>Kawai, T., Sachs, D. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tolerance+induction:+hematopoietic+chimerism.">Tolerance induction: hematopoietic chimerism.</a> Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 18, 402-407 (2013).</li><li>Kawai, T., Sachs, D. H., Sykes, M., Cosimi, A. .. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HLA-mismatched+renal+transplantation+without+maintenance+immunosuppression.">HLA-mismatched renal transplantation without maintenance immunosuppression.</a> N. Engl. J. Med. 368, 1850-1852 (2013).</li><li>Leventhal, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chimerism+and+tolerance+without+GVHD+or+engraftment+syndrome+in+HLA-mismatched+combined+kidney+and+hematopoietic+stem+cell+transplantation.">Chimerism and tolerance without GVHD or engraftment syndrome in HLA-mismatched combined kidney and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.</a> Sci. Transl. Med. 4, 124-128 (2012).</li><li>Cendales, L. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Banff+2007+working+classification+of+skin-containing+composite+tissue+allograft+pathology.">The Banff 2007 working classification of skin-containing composite tissue allograft pathology.</a> Am. J. Transplant. 8, 1396-1400 (2008).</li></ol>

Vascolarizzato Composite allotrapianto, come ad esempio arti superiori e il trapianto di faccia per la ricostruzione di difetti del tessuto devastanti, si è evoluto come opzione di trattamento valido per i pazienti non modificabili a procedure ricostruttive tradizionali. I progressi tecnici nel campo della microchirurgia ricostruttiva, nonché una vasta esperienza con immunosoppressori potenti e le terapie modulatori del sistema immunitario a trapianto di organo solido, ora permette la sopravvivenza del trapianto a lun...

The late nineties heralded the pioneering days of reconstructive transplantation with the first successful hand transplant performed in France in 1998. Since then, the use of VCAs for reconstruction of devastating tissue defects has been successfully employed in a wide spectrum of patients. To date, the world counts 76 recipients of 112 upper extremities as well as 31 faces 1-3. In addition, several other types of VCAs such as abdominal wall 4, larynx 5, trachea 6, vascularized joints 7, and even penis 8 have been performed. Furthermore, the live birth of a baby was recently reported after uterus transplantation 9. This growing world experience is indicative for how reconstructive transplantation has become a valid therapeutic option for patients suffering of significant functional tissue defects not amendable to conventional reconstructive and restorative surgery and treatment. 
While the idea of replacing "like with like" sparked clinical enthusiasm, initial skepticism still prevails with regards to side effects of conventional high-dose immunosuppression required to maintain allografts and their function 10,11. However, as shown by seminal work of Lee et al., these composite grafts are less likely to reject than its individual components, and furthermore, some of the tissue components such as the vascularized bone compartment have fueled optimism as they might exert unique immunological effects onto the balance of immune acceptance and rejection 12. 
Our group pioneered several microsurgical animal models for solid organ transplantation, as well as vascularized composite allotransplantation 13-19. Here we describe a novel surgical procedure using a non-suture cuff technique to perform super micro-vascular anastomosis in an orthotopic mouse hind limb transplantation model. This transplant model provides a useful tool for investigating immune acceptance and rejection mechanisms, as well as the role of individual tissue components, such as the vascularized bone marrow compartment, towards tolerance induction in the immunologically versatile setting of the mouse species. Additionally, the orthotopic placement of the limb opens the possibilities for nerve regeneration and functional outcome studies, which are critically important to the setting of VCA.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Suture, 6-0 Nylon</td>
			<td>MWI</td>
			<td>31849</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Suture, 6-0 Polysorb</td>
			<td>MWI</td>
			<td>72667</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Suture, 10-0 Nylon</td>
			<td>Aero Surgical</td>
			<td>TK-107038</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyimide Tubing, Size 25</td>
			<td>Vention Medical</td>
			<td>141-0023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyimide Tubing, Size 27</td>
			<td>Vention Medical</td>
			<td>141-0015</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microvascular Clamps (Single)</td>
			<td>Synovis</td>
			<td>00396</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microvascular Clamps (Double)</td>
			<td>Synovis</td>
			<td>00414</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-Scissors</td>
			<td>Synovis</td>
			<td>SAS-18</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-Forceps</td>
			<td>Synovis</td>
			<td>FRS-15 RM-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-Dilators</td>
			<td>Synovis</td>
			<td>FRS-15 RM-8d.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-Needledriver</td>
			<td>Synovis</td>
			<td>C-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-Clamp Applicator</td>
			<td>Synovis</td>
			<td>CAF-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-Flushing Needle</td>
			<td>Hamilton</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>10MM, 30&#176;, 33G</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lactated Ringers Solution</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>NC9968051</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>DEA Number required; Obtained from hosptial pharmacy.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Enrofloxacin; Baytril</td>
			<td>Bayer Health Care</td>
			<td>186599</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Obtained from hosptial pharmacy</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

orthotopic hind limb transplantation in the mouse

In vivo animal model systems, and in particular mouse models, have evolved into powerful and versatile scientific tools indispensable to basic and translational research in the field of transplantation medicine. A vast array of reagents is available exclusively in this setting, including mono- and polyclonal antibodies for both diagnostic and interventional applications. In addition, a vast number of genotyped, inbred, transgenic, and knock out strains allow detailed investigation of the individual contributions of humoral and cellular components to the complex interplay of an immune response and make the mouse the gold standard for immunological research. 
Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) delineates a novel field of transplantation using allografts to replace "like with like" in patients suffering traumatic or congenital tissue loss. This surgical methodological protocol shows the use of a non-suture cuff technique for super-microvascular anastomosis in an orthotopic mouse hind limb transplantation model. The model specifically allows for comparison between established paradigms in solid organ transplantation with a novel form of transplants consisting of various different tissue components. Uniquely, this model allows for the transplantation of a viable vascularized bone marrow compartment and niche that have the potential to exert a beneficial effect on the balance of immune acceptance and rejection. This technique provides a tool to investigate alloantigen recognition and allograft rejection and acceptance, as well as enables the pursuit of functional nerve regeneration studies to further advance this novel field of transplantation.

Esecuzione vascolarizzato allotrapianto composito in un modello di topo usando una tecnica bracciale non sutura consente di ottenere eccellenti e lungo graft termine e animali sopravvivenza come mostrato in Figura 1. Inoltre, rappresenta un metodo affidabile per ottenere risultati riproducibili di graduale rifiuto allograft in composito vascolarizzata allotrapianto come documentato dalle immagini mostrate in figura 2. H &amp; e istologic...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantation in the Mouse at JoVE.com

Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantation in the Mouse

Questo nuovo modello per il trapianto degli arti posteriori ortotopico nel topo, applicando una tecnica bracciale non sutura per anastomosi super-microvascolare, fornisce un potente strumento per la ricerca in vivo meccanicistica immunologica relative al allotrapianto composito vascolarizzato (VCA).

Ortotopico degli arti posteriori del trapianto di mouse

In vivo animal model systems, and in particular mouse models, have evolved into powerful and versatile scientific tools indispensable to basic and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Orthotopic Aortic Transplantation: A Rat Model to Study the Development of Chronic Vasculopathy

Trapianto ortotopico aortica: un modello di ratto per studiare lo sviluppo di vasculopatia cronica

Research models of chronic rejection are essential to investigate pathobiological and pathophysiological processes during the development of transplant ...

Ricerca

Medicina

Longitudinal Evaluation of Mouse Hind Limb Bone Loss After Spinal Cord Injury using Novel, in vivo, Methodology

Longitudinal Evaluation of Mouse Hind Limb Bone Loss After Spinal Cord Injury using Novel, in vivo, Methodology

La valutazione longitudinale di perdita dell&#39;arto posteriore ossea del mouse dopo la lesione del midollo spinale tramite Novel, In vivo, Metodologia

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is often accompanied by osteoporosis in the sublesional regions of the pelvis and lower extremities, leading to a higher ...

Orthotopic Small Bowel Transplantation in Rats

Ortotopico di intestino tenue di ratti

Small  bowel transplantation has become an accepted clinical option for patients with  short gut syndrome and failure of parenteral nutrition ...

Orthotopic Liver Transplantation in Rats

Trapianto di fegato in ratti

Clinical progress in the field of liver transplantation has been largely supported by animal models1,2. Since the publication of the first orthotopic rat ...

Orthotopic Aortic Transplantation in Mice for the Study of Vascular Disease

Aortica trapianto ortotopico in Mouse per lo studio della malattia vascolare

Vascular procedures involving anastomoses in the mouse are generally thought to be difficult and highly dependent on the skill of the individual surgeon. ...

A Modified Heterotopic Swine Hind Limb Transplant Model for Translational Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Research

A Modified Heterotopic Swine Hind Limb Transplant Model for Translational Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation VCA Research

Un modificata eterotopica suina Hind Arto Trapianto Modello traslazionale vascolarizzato composito allotrapianto (VCA) La ricerca

Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) such as hand and face transplants represent a viable treatment option for complex musculoskeletal trauma ...

Mouse Kidney Transplantation: Models of Allograft Rejection

Mouse trapianto renale: Modelli di Allograft Rifiuto

Rejection of the transplanted kidney in humans is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The mouse model of renal transplantation closely ...

Preclinical Model of Hind Limb Ischemia in Diabetic Rabbits

Modello preclinico di ischemia degli arti posteriori nei conigli diabetici

Peripheral vascular disease is a widespread clinical problem that affects millions of patients worldwide. A major consequence of peripheral vascular ...

Taking the Next Step: a Neural Coaptation Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplant Model to Maximize Functional Recovery in Rat

Fare il passo successivo: un modello di trapianto di arto hind di coaptation neurale per massimizzare il recupero funzionale nel ratto

Limb transplant in particular and vascularized composite allotransplant (VCA) in general have wide therapeutic promise that have been stymied by current ...

Left Lung Orthotopic Transplantation in a Juvenile Porcine Model for ESLP

Trapianto ortotopico di polmone sinistro in un modello suino giovane per ESLP

Lung transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for end-stage lung disease, with over 4,600 lung transplantations performed worldwide annually. ...