Name: a strategy to validate the role of callose-mediated plasmodesmal gating in the tropic response
Uploaded: 2016-04-17T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Strategy to Validate the Role of Callose-mediated Plasmodesmal Gating in the Tropic Response at JoVE.com

韩国国家研究基金会（NRF-2015R1A2A1A10053576），这项研究得到支持，从下一代BioGreen 21计划的资助（SSAC，授予PJ01137901），农村振兴厅，韩国。 RK，WS，ABB和DK经脑韩国21 Plus计划（BK21 +）的支持。

1突变体筛选与改变向光性和向重力响应<ol><li>制备1×Murashige和Skoog（MS）培养基，pH值5.7，用0.8％的琼脂一天实验之前。 <ol><li>加800毫升双蒸水至一个2升的锥形烧瓶中，并用磁力棒搅拌。 </li><li> 4.4克MS盐添加到锥形瓶中。 </li><li>加入0.5克2-（N-吗啉代）乙烷磺酸（MES），搅拌直到所有的盐的完全溶解。 </li><li>调整培养基至5.7用1M KOH的pH。 </li><li>介质传送到海量缸和使终体积到1L的DDH 2 O </...

<ol>
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A., Spalding, E. P., Murphy, A. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhanced+gravi-+and+phototropism+in+plant+mdr+mutants+mislocalizing+the+auxin+efflux+protein+PIN1.">Enhanced gravi- and phototropism in plant mdr mutants mislocalizing the auxin efflux protein PIN1.</a> Nature. 423 (6943), 999-1002 (2003).</li><li>Weijers, D., Friml, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Snap+Shot:+auxin+signaling+and+transport.">Snap Shot: auxin signaling and transport.</a> Cell. 136 (6), 1172-1172 (2009).</li><li>Wisniewska, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polar+PIN+localization+directs+auxin+flow+in+plants.">Polar PIN localization directs auxin flow in plants.</a> Science. 312 (5775), 883 (2006).</li><li>Murphy, A. S., Hoogner, K. R., Peer, W. A., Taiz, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification,+purification,+and+molecular+cloning+of+N-1-naphthylphthalmic+acid-binding+plasma+membrane-associated+aminopeptidases+from+Arabidopsis.">Identification, purification, and molecular cloning of N-1-naphthylphthalmic acid-binding plasma membrane-associated aminopeptidases from Arabidopsis.</a> Plant Physiol. 128 (3), 935-950 (2002).</li><li>Kleine-Vehn, J., Friml, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polar+targeting+and+endocytic+recycling+in+auxin-dependent+plant+development.">Polar targeting and endocytic recycling in auxin-dependent plant development.</a> Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 24, 447-473 (2008).</li><li>Yang, Y., Hammes, U. Z., Taylor, C. G., Schachtman, D. P., Nielsen, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-affinity+auxin+transport+by+the+AUX1+influx+carrier+protein.">High-affinity auxin transport by the AUX1 influx carrier protein.</a> Curr. Biol. 16 (11), 1123-1127 (2006).</li><li>Geisler, M., Murphy, A. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+ABC+of+auxin+transport:+the+role+of+p-glycoproteins+in+plant+development.">The ABC of auxin transport: the role of p-glycoproteins in plant development.</a> FEBS Lett. 580 (4), 1094-1102 (2006).</li><li>Band, L. 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Sci.USA. 109 (12), 4668-4673 (2012).</li><li>Vanneste, S., Friml, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Auxin:+a+trigger+for+change+in+plant+development.">Auxin: a trigger for change in plant development.</a> Cell. 136 (6), 1005-1016 (2009).</li><li>Han, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Auxin-callose-mediated+plasmodesmal+gating+is+essential+for+tropic+auxin+gradient+formation+and+signaling.">Auxin-callose-mediated plasmodesmal gating is essential for tropic auxin gradient formation and signaling.</a> Dev. Cell. 28 (2), 132-146 (2014).</li><li>Kumar, R., Kumar, D., Hyun, T. K., Kim, J. 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在此手稿，一个策略来筛选由于改变的PD胼胝质，因此，PD SEL中详细描述的突变体/过表达系是在向光性和向地响应缺陷的。 PD胼胝质合成和降解主要由胼胝质合成酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶来实现，但这些酶的调节是通过许多上游因素控制。要搜索这样的上游因素或直接参与PD调控的候选人，我们已建立了筛选此方法。这种设置有一些限制，调节PD胼胝质合成（gsl8）的一些关键酶的突变体是致命的<...

植物，如固着活的生物体，已经开发了细胞 - 细胞信号传导的高度复杂的网络，以解决各种环境刺激。热带反应是由植物对环境刺激作出反应的现象之一。植物显示出两个主要的热带响应，向光性和向地。光合植物朝向光源通过弯曲向光性收获最大的能量。同样地，向重力使植物朝向重心生长。导致这些热带反应的基本机制涉及到植物激素生长素1的不对称形成梯度。当地生长素梯度的形成的行为被很好地表征;所涉及的这种机制的基因提供激素作用2-8的路线图。生长素流出载体，如个人识别码形成的（PIN）和P糖蛋白的特定位置，从细胞质到供体细胞9,10的细胞壁执行生长素的运动。 Furthermore，通过将活性的 H + / IAA同向转运生长素涌入载体，如AUX1 / LAX家族蛋白的活性，生长素最终递送到邻近的接收器单元2,11,12。生长素的这个方向的运动被称为极性生长素输送（PAT）。 PAT中各个发育阶段以及响应于不同的环境刺激13,14导致差分生长素分布。此外，在任何这些生长素流入或流出的载体的定位或表达的破坏导致的PAT严重改变，这会导致生长素梯度的破坏，导致发育缺陷。近日，韩寒等人 。报告说plasmodesmal调节也有必要保持生长素梯度15。迄今为止，已有30 plasmodesmal蛋白质已经确定了16个 。在这些蛋白质，AtGSL8已被报告为在胞间连丝（PD），用于胼胝质合成的关键酶，因此起着MAINT至关重要的作用癌宁对PD尺寸排阻极限（SEL）。压抑AtGSL8表达导致扭曲的生长素梯度图案导致在对比野生型幼苗15没有嗜响应。 在这份手稿，方法，探索参与PD调控提供了新的候选基因。 AtGSL8用作模型蛋白来测试这些方法，因为它是促进PD胼胝质的生物合成的关键酶。由于gsl8敲除突变体17秧苗杀伤力，地塞米松（DEX）诱导型的RNAi线按照使用了与以前公布的报告15。这里提供的策略可适于筛选了在用PD SEL受控胚轴嗜响应牵连的基因。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="890">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="45">
			<td height="45" style="height:45px;width:223px;">HPTS (8-Hydroxypyrene -1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt)</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">H1529-1G</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Fluorescent dye as symplasmic tracer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">LE Agarose</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">Dongin-Genomic</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">GEL001-500G</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Used for HPTS agarose block</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">Microwave oven</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">LG-Goldstar</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Machine for boiling agarose gel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">100 mL glass conical flask</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">Dong Kwang</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">A0205</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Used to boil HPTS agarose gel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:223px;">Petri Dish (35x10 mm)</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">SPL life sciences</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">SPL10035</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Used to make HPTS agarose blocks and wash plant samples&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="79">
			<td height="79" style="height:79px;width:223px;">Microscope cover slides and glass slides (24 x 50 mm)</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">Marienfeld Laboratory Glassware</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">101222</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Used for HPTS agarose blocks and microscopic sample preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:223px;">MS medium plates 125 x 125 x 20 mm</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">SPL life sciences</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">SPL11125</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Plates to make MS agar medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">Germany Stainless</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">HSB 942-11</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Used to excise hook region of plant samples</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:223px;">Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal salt mixture</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">Duchefa</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">P10453.01</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">MS medium including vitamins.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:223px;">(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES) monohydrate</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">Bioshop</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">3G30212</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">To make MS media.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">Plant agar</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">Duchefa</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">P1001.1000</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">To solidify MS media.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">Autoclave</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">ALP</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">CL-40L</td>
			<td style="width:335px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="56">
			<td height="56" style="height:56px;width:223px;">Shaker</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">Wise Mix</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">SHO-1D</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">To wash off the aniline blue staining buffer and HPTS dye in a placid way.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">1 ml Blue tips</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">Sorenson</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">10040</td>
			<td style="width:335px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">1 ml pipette</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">BioPette</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">L-1101-2</td>
			<td style="width:335px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">Surgical tape</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">MIcropore</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">1530-0</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">To seal the MS plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">Aniline blue (Methyl blue)</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">M5528-25G</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Used to prepare aniline blue staining buffer.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">Glycine</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">Bioshop</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">GLN001</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Used to prepare aniline blue staining buffer.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">DDG</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">D8375-1G</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Used for the inhibition of callose synthases.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:223px;">Confocal microscope</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">FV1000MPE SIM</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">To check aniline blue staining and HPTS dye loading result.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">Stirrer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">I lab&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">K400</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">To mix media solution.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">Aluminium foil</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">SW cooking foil</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
			<td style="width:335px;">To wrap plates in a dark condition.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:223px;">Sodium hypochlorite</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">Samjin Industry</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
			<td style="width:335px;">To surface-sterilized seeds</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a strategy to validate the role of callose-mediated plasmodesmal gating in the tropic response

植物激素生长素起着许多生长和发育过程，包括对光和重力热带反应中起重要作用。生长素梯度的建立是导致向光性和向地关键事件。先前，生长素极性运输（PAT）的结果表明在植物中的不同蜂窝结构域建立生长素梯度。然而，韩等人最近证明为正确生长素梯度的形成，在相邻小区之间plasmodesmal胼胝质介导的共质体连通也是一个关键的因素。在此手稿，策略阐明特定基因，其中可通过改变通过调制plasmodesmal胼胝质合成的共质体连通影响向光性和向地的作用，进行了讨论。第一步是筛选从突变体或基因的过表达的行3天龄的黄化苗异常嗜应答与野生型一起。这初步筛选可导致一系列基因PAT功能或控制共质体连通的识别。第二次筛选涉及候选人，显示通过影响共质体连通改变热带响应的排序。为了解决这样的候选人，一个共质体示踪剂的运动和plasmodesmal胼胝质的沉积进行检测。探索新的候选基因可以在热带的反应和其他发育过程直接或间接调节共质体连通这一战略将是有益的。

在当前的设置，AtGSL8的地塞米松（DEX）诱导型的RNAi线[以下dsGSL8（+ DEX / -dex）]中使用，作为纯合子gsl8 T-DNA插入突变体幼苗致死18。 dsGSL8和野生型苗±DEX三日龄的黄化苗暴露于向光性和向地刺激。我们发现，dsGSL8（+ DEX）幼苗中向光性和向地15有缺陷。 图5清楚地表明，dsGSL8（+ DEX）呈现既向光性和向地的?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Strategy to Validate the Role of Callose-mediated Plasmodesmal Gating in the Tropic Response at JoVE.com

A Strategy to Validate the Role of Callose-mediated Plasmodesmal Gating in the Tropic Response

本文介绍了筛选基因控制的热带响应期间plasmodesmal渗透性，因此生长素梯度的方法。这包括在胚轴热带反应程度的测量 拟南芥和8羟基芘-1,3,6-三磺酸（HPTS）装载终于胼胝质水平评估检查plasmodesmal渗透性。

的策略，以验证胼胝质介导的Plasmodesmal浇注在热带反应中的作用

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Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model System to Study Protein Homeostasis in a Multicellular Organism

The folding and assembly of proteins is essential for protein function, the long-term health of the cell, and longevity of the organism. Historically, the ...

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

定量免疫检测，以衡量在中心体的变异蛋白水平

Centrosomes are small but important organelles that serve as the poles of mitotic spindle to maintain genomic integrity or assemble primary cilia to ...

Investigating the Function of Coronin A in the Early Starvation Response of Dictyostelium discoideum by Aggregation Assays

Investigating the Function of Coronin A in the Early Starvation Response of Dictyostelium discoideum by Aggregation Assays

调查Coronin A在早期饥饿反应中的作用<em&gt;粘菌</em&gt;通过聚集测定

Dictyostelium discoideum amoeba are found in soil, feeding on bacteria. When food sources become scarce, they secrete factors to initiate a multicellular ...

High-resolution Time-lapse Imaging and Automated Analysis of Microtubule Dynamics in Living Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

高分辨率成像定时，并在活体人脐静脉内皮细胞微管动力学自动分析

The physiological process by which new vasculature forms from existing vasculature requires specific signaling events that trigger morphological changes ...

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis

有丝分裂细胞同步与高分辨共聚焦显微镜联合应用研究细胞周期蛋白在有丝分裂过程中的作用

Study of the various regulatory events of the cell cycle in a phase-dependent manner provides a clear understanding about cell growth and division. The ...

Isolation and 3D Collagen Sandwich Culture of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes to Study the Role of Cytoskeleton in Bile Canalicular Formation In Vitro

原原小鼠肝细胞的分离和3D胶原蛋白三明治培养，研究细胞骨架在胆汁形成中的作用

Hepatocytes are the central cells of the liver responsible for its metabolic function. As such, they form a uniquely polarized epithelium, in which two or ...