Name: three-dimensionally printed microfluidic cross-flow system for ultrafiltration/nanofiltration membrane performance testing
Uploaded: 2016-02-13T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-Dimensionally Printed Microfluidic Cross-flow System for Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration Membrane Performance Testing at JoVE.com

作者感谢Stratasys公司（以色列雷霍沃特）​​为设备的立体印刷。我们对膜样品感谢Microdyne的最低点（德国）。这项研究是由以色列科学基金会（格兰特1474年至1413年），以支持CJA

1.设计和微流控测试系统的研制<ol><li>设计微流体装置作为两个独立的部分：一顶部，并在CAD程序底部（ 图1）。 </li><li>开始使用矩形工具绘制40毫米乘60毫米矩形使得底部。 </li><li>在一个角落里用圆形工​​具创建一个直径6.2毫米圆圈中央的边10毫米。与线性图案工具复制跨为20mm间距的矩形的孔，共6个孔。 </li><li>使用圆角工具圆角的矩形为1毫米的半径。 </li><li>挤出部10mm的挤压工...

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	<li>Guo, W., Ngo, H. -. H., Li, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+mini-review+on+membrane+fouling.">A mini-review on membrane fouling.</a> Bioresource technol. 122, 27-34 (2012).</li><li>Fane, A. G., Fell, C. J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+of+fouling+and+fouling+control+in+ultrafiltration.">A review of fouling and fouling control in ultrafiltration.</a> Desalination. 62, 117-136 (1987).</li><li>Tang, C. Y., Chong, T. H., Fane, A. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Colloidal+interactions+and+fouling+of+NF+and+RO+membranes:+a+review.">Colloidal interactions and fouling of NF and RO membranes: a review.</a> Adv. colloid interfac. 164 (1-2), 126-143 (2011).</li><li>De Jong, J., Lammertink, R. G. H., Wessling, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Membranes+and+microfluidics:+a+review.">Membranes and microfluidics: a review.</a> Lab on a chip. 6 (9), 1125-1139 (2006).</li><li>Haas, R., Gutman, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glycosphingolipids+Enhance+Bacterial+Attachment+and+Fouling+of+Nanofiltration+Membranes.">Glycosphingolipids Enhance Bacterial Attachment and Fouling of Nanofiltration Membranes.</a> Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2, (2015).</li><li>Nabe, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surface+modification+of+polysulfone+ultrafiltration+membranes+and+fouling+by+BSA+solutions.">Surface modification of polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes and fouling by BSA solutions.</a> J. Membr. Sci. 133 (1), 57-72 (1997).</li><li>Ang, W., Elimelech, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protein+(BSA)+fouling+of+reverse+osmosis+membranes:+Implications+for+wastewater+reclamation.">Protein (BSA) fouling of reverse osmosis membranes: Implications for wastewater reclamation.</a> J. Membr. Sci. 296 (1-2), 83-92 (2007).</li><li>Bernstein, R., Belfer, S., Freger, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surface+modification+of+dense+membranes+using+radical+graft+polymerization+enhanced+by+monomer+filtration.">Surface modification of dense membranes using radical graft polymerization enhanced by monomer filtration.</a> Langmuir. 26 (14), 12358-12365 (2010).</li><li>Kaufman, Y., Kasher, R., Lammertink, R. G. H., Freger, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfluidic+NF/RO+separation:+Cell+design,+performance+and+application.">Microfluidic NF/RO separation: Cell design, performance and application.</a> J. Membr. Sci. 396, 67-73 (2012).</li><li>Kaufman, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Towards+supported+bolaamphiphile+membranes+for+water+filtration:+Roles+of+lipid+and+substrate.">Towards supported bolaamphiphile membranes for water filtration: Roles of lipid and substrate.</a> J. Membr. Sci. 457, 50-61 (2014).</li></ol>

这个协议描述了用于纳滤和超滤膜的测试的三维印刷的微流体横流装置的设计。最近，我们已经表明该协议与纳米过滤膜调理的变化的成功和鞘糖脂和脂多糖和随后的细菌培养物注入膜的性能差异结垢。5采用这种技术未来的应用可以用于评估具有不同污物膜的性能变化。相比较大的流动池此微流体装置需要更少的测试溶液，并可以显著降低污物和化合物，特别是那些仅在数量有限的成本?...

<html>膜技术是不可或缺需要从本体溶液的溶质中分离的工业等工序，但是，膜污染是一个重大的持续的挑战。其中，膜污染发生包括用于废水的大小基于分离使用超滤膜1常见的例子， 2，薄为离子，以及较大的溶质从微咸水或海水的分离膜复合膜。结垢3特性适应症包括在跨膜压力的增加和通量的下降。这减小了膜的生产效率和其寿命缩短，由于化学或其它清洁协议。因此膜的性能是一个很好的指标来评估污染和理解的机制和污染，生物污染和膜生物膜形成的影响。此外，绩效考核是新的膜设计或修改重要。 EFT“&gt; 在使用中的微流体装置的膜的兴趣一直4生长在过去十年中，最近，我们研究了微生物组分的脂多糖的效果，和鞘糖脂上结垢的纳米过滤膜的表面上，并且经调节的表面微生物的后续敏感性附件5的微流体横流装置是用来评估纳滤膜的性能。这使得仅使用少量的膜表面的污垢可用特殊的非商业脂质成分的，因为膜表面面积是很小的。该系统允许的大小有效地利用膜材料和解决方案的低卷。在这个协议中，我们描述了膜性能测试的微流体设备的设计和制造，并概述该装置的掺入压力流系统。该装置示范被TESTI显示纳克使用模型污物，BSA超滤膜和纳米过滤膜的性能。6,7-

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="915">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">BSA</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">SIGMA-ALDRICH</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">A6003</td>
			<td style="width:383px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NaCl</td>
			<td>DAEJUNG</td>
			<td>7548-4100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">MgSO4</td>
			<td>EMSURE</td>
			<td>1058861000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NF Membrane</td>
			<td>Filmtec</td>
			<td>NF200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">30 kDa UF Membrane</td>
			<td>MICRODYN NADIR</td>
			<td>UH030</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">50 kDa UF Membrane</td>
			<td>MICRODYN NADIR</td>
			<td>UH050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Pressure Transducer</td>
			<td>Midas</td>
			<td>43006711</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ball Valves</td>
			<td>AV-RF</td>
			<td>Q91SA-PN6.4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">3-way Valve</td>
			<td>iLife Medical Devices</td>
			<td>902.071</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Pressure Regulator</td>
			<td>Swagelok</td>
			<td>KCB1G0A2A5P20000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Flow-meter</td>
			<td>Bronkhorst</td>
			<td>L01-AGD-99-0-70S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Balances</td>
			<td>MRC</td>
			<td>BBA-1200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Pump</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">EW-00354-JI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1/8&#34; Tubing</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>EW-06605-27</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1/16&#34; Tubing</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>EW-06407-41</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1/16&#34; Fittings</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>EW-30486-70</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1/8&#34; Fittings</td>
			<td>Kiowa</td>
			<td>QSM-B-M5-3-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Microcontroller</td>
			<td>Adafruit</td>
			<td>50</td>
			<td>Arduino UNO R3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Continuous Rotation Servo</td>
			<td>Adafruit</td>
			<td>154</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Standard Servo</td>
			<td>Adafruit</td>
			<td>1142</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Power Supply</td>
			<td>Adafruit</td>
			<td>658</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Servo Shield</td>
			<td>SainSmart</td>
			<td>20-011-905</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Switches</td>
			<td>Parts Express</td>
			<td>060-376</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.45 Micron Filters</td>
			<td>EMD Millipore</td>
			<td>SLHV033RS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Potentiostat</td>
			<td>Gamry</td>
			<td>PCI4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sonicator</td>
			<td>MRC</td>
			<td>DC-150H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Connex 3D Printer</td>
			<td>Stratasys</td>
			<td>Objet Connex</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Veroclear&#160;</td>
			<td>Stratasys</td>
			<td>RGD810&#160;</td>
			<td>transparent polymer for printing flow cell</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tangoblack-plus</td>
			<td>Stratasys</td>
			<td>FLX980</td>
			<td>soft rubbery polymer for gasket layers on flow cell</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

three-dimensionally printed microfluidic cross-flow system for ultrafiltration/nanofiltration membrane performance testing

最小化和膜污染的管理是在不同的工业生产过程和利用膜技术等做法一项艰巨的挑战。理解污染过程可能导致优化和基于膜过滤的更高的效率。这里，我们表明一个自动三维（3-D）印刷的微流体交叉流过滤系统，该系统可并行测试多达4膜的设计和制造。使用多材料光聚合物3-D打印技术，该技术用于在微流体细胞体的透明硬聚合物和掺入一个薄的橡胶状聚合物层，其在操作期间防止泄漏的微流体细胞打印。超滤的性能（UF）和纳滤（NF）膜进行了测试和膜污染可以用一个模型污物牛血清白蛋白（BSA）进行观察。含有BSA饲料的解决方案表现出膜的通量下降。该协议可能会延长ED测量污染或生物污染与许多其他有机，无机或含有微生物的解决方案。微流体设计用于测试材料是昂贵的或仅少量获得，例如多糖，蛋白质，或脂质由于膜的小的表面面积被测试特别有利的。这种模块化系统也可以容易地扩展为膜的高通量测试。

微流体流动池用CAD程序设计和印刷用多材料光聚合物三维（3-D）的打印机。该电池的设计分为两部分，使膜可以很容易地插入并从设备中删除（图1）。每一部分为1厘米厚，从结构完整性硬的，透明的聚合物打印和侧面对着膜被涂覆了橡胶状聚合物的非常薄的50微米层。进行的复涂提供具有密封能力，从而防止漏水的细胞。流动通道被设计为0.2毫米深，宽1毫米和30毫米长，以测试膜的3...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-Dimensionally Printed Microfluidic Cross-flow System for Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration Membrane Performance Testing at JoVE.com

Three-Dimensionally Printed Microfluidic Cross-flow System for Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration Membrane Performance Testing

设计和三维（3-D）的制造印刷的微流体交叉流过滤系统被证明。该系统用于测试性能和观察超滤和纳滤（薄膜复合）膜的结垢。

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Luminescence Resonance Energy Transfer, or LRET, is a powerful technique used to measure distances between two sites in proteins within the distance range ...

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使用高通量的<em&gt;在体外</em&gt;微流控系统开发口服多物种生物膜

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Many load bearing biological structures (LBBSs)&#8212;such as feather rachises and spicules&#8212;are small (&#60;1 mm) but not microscopic. Measuring the ...

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