Name: imaging membrane potential with two types of genetically encoded fluorescent voltage sensors
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the World Class Institute (WCI) program of the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology of Korea Grant WCI 2009-003 and Korea Institute of Science and Technology Institutional Program Project 2E24210. Sungmoo Lee was supported by Global Ph.D. Fellowship program (NRF-2013H1A2A1033344) of the National Research Foundation (NRF) under the Ministry of Education (MOE, Korea).

Declaración de Ética: El protocolo de experimentación animal fue aprobado por el Cuidado de Animales institucional y el empleo en el animal protocolo ICCT 2014-001. 1. Configuración del equipo <ol><li> configuración de imagen <ol><li> Coloque un microscopio de fluorescencia invertido en una mesa de aislamiento de vibraciones. Utilice un gran aumento (60X lente de inmersión en aceite con apertura numérica 1,35) lente objetivo y un cubo de filtro equipado con un espejo dicroico y filt...

<ol>
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El sistema nervioso utiliza el voltaje de varias maneras diferentes, la inhibición provoca una ligera hiperpolarización, entrada sináptica provoca una ligera despolarización y una acción resultados potenciales en un cambio relativamente grande de tensión. La capacidad de medir los cambios en el potencial de membrana por GeViS ofrece el potencial prometedor de análisis de varios componentes de los circuitos neuronales simultáneamente. En este informe se demuestra un método fundamental para los cambios de imagen ...

El principal objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar la formación de imágenes ópticas de los cambios en los potenciales de membrana in vitro utilizando proteínas fluorescentes genéticamente codificados. cambios de imagen en el potencial de membrana ofrece la excitante posibilidad de estudiar la actividad de los circuitos neuronales. Cuando los cambios en el potencial de membrana resultado en un cambio de intensidad de fluorescencia, cada píxel de la cámara se convierte en un electrodo de sustituto que permite mediciones no intrusivas de la actividad neuronal. Durante más de cuarenta años, los colorantes orgánicos sensibles al voltaje han sido útiles para la observación de los cambios en el potencial de membrana 1-4. Sin embargo, estos colorantes carecen de especificidad celular. Además, algunos tipos de células son difíciles de teñir. indicadores de tensión codificados genéticamente (GeViS) superar estas limitaciones por tener las células a ser estudiadas específicamente expresan la sonda fluorescente sensible al voltaje. Hay tres clases de GeViS. La primera clase de GEVI utiliza la voDominio de la fosfatasa de detección de voltaje ltage de detección, ya sea con una proteína única fluorescente (FP) 5-9 o una transferencia de energía de resonancia de Förster (FRET) 10-12. La segunda clase de sensores utiliza rodopsina microbiana como un indicador fluorescente directamente 13-15 o por medio de FRET electrocrómico 16,17. La tercera clase utiliza dos componentes, el componente genético de ser una membrana anclada FP y un segundo componente que es un colorante unido a la membrana de temple 18-20. Mientras que las clases segunda y tercera son útiles para los experimentos in vitro y rebanada 19,20, sólo la primera clase de sensores son actualmente útil para los análisis in vivo 6. En este informe vamos a demostrar la proyección de imagen del potencial de membrana utilizando la primera clase de GeViS (Figura 1) in vitro. Esta primera clase de sensores de voltaje es el más fácil hacer la transición a imágenes in vivo. Desde GeViS utilizing un dominio de detección de voltaje fusionado a un FP son aproximadamente 50 veces más brillante que la clase de sensores rodopsina, que se pueden visualizar utilizando la iluminación de la lámpara de arco en lugar de requerir un potente láser. Otra consecuencia de la disparidad en el brillo es que la primera clase de GeViS puede superar fácilmente la auto-fluorescencia del cerebro. Las sondas basadas en la rodopsina no puede. La tercera clase de sensor es tan brillante como la primera clase, sino que requiere la adición de un inhibidor químico que es difícil de administrar in vivo. Nosotros, por lo tanto, demostrar la adquisición de una sonda con una sola FP (Bongwoori) 8 y una sonda que consiste en un par de FRET (Nabi 2) 12. El FRET construye en este informe son versiones de mariposa VSFP-CR (proteínas fluorescentes sensibles al voltaje - Trébol-mRuby2) 11 que consta de un donante fluorescente verde, trébol, y un aceptor fluorescente de color rojo, mRuby2, llamado Nabi 2.242 y 2.244 Nabi <shasta&gt; 12. En la introducción de este tipo de grabaciones debe dar a los investigadores una mejor comprensión del tipo de información puede proporcionar GeViS. <img alt="Figura 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/53566/53566fig1.jpg" /> Figura 1. Dos Tipos de indicadores codificados genéticamente Tensión (GeViS) con imágenes formadas en este informe (A) Un mono FP basado GEVI que tiene un dominio de detección de voltaje transmembrana y una proteína fluorescente. (B) Un GEVI basado FRET compuesto por un dominio de detección de voltaje transmembrana, un donante de FRET y aceptor. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/53566/53566fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">Haga clic aquí para ver una versión más grande de esta figura.</a>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="923">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Inverted Microscope</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">IX71</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">60X objective lens (numerical aperture = 1.35)</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">UPLSAPO 60XO</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Excitation filter</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Semrock</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">&#160;FF02-472/30</td>
			<td rowspan="3" style="width:187px;">For voltage imaging of super ecliptic pHluorin in Bongwoori</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Dichroic mirror</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Semrock</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">FF495-Di03-25x36</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Emission filter</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Semrock</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">FF01-497/LP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:368px;">75W Xenon arc lamp</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">CAIRN</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">OptoSource Illuminator</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">LEDs and lasers are also effective light sources</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Slow speed CCD camera</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Hitachi</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">KP-D20BU</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Dual port camera adaptor</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">U-DPCAD</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">High speed CCD camera</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">RedShirtImaging, LLC</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">NeuroCCD-SM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Image splitter</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">CAIRN</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">Optosplit 2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Excitation filter</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Semrock</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">FF01-475/23-25</td>
			<td rowspan="5" style="width:187px;">For voltage imaging of FRET pair based GEVI consisting of Clover and mRuby2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Dichroic mirror</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Semrock</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">FF495-Di03-25x36</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Emission filter</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Chroma</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">ET520/40</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Dichroic mirror</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Semrock</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">FF560-FDi01-25X36</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Emission filter</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Chroma</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">ET645/75</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Vibration isolation system</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Kinetic systems</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">250BM-IC, 5702E-3036-31</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Patching chamber</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Warner instruments</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">RC-26G, 64-0235</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:368px;">#0 Micro Coverglass (22x40mm)</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">72198-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Temperature controller</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Warner instruments</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">TC-344B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">#0 (0.08~0.13mm) - 10mm diameter glass coverslip</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Ted Pella</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">260366</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Lipofection agent</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">11668-027</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Calcium phosphate reagent</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Clontech - Takara</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">631312</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Patch clamp amplifier</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">HEKA</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">EPC 10 USB amplifier</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Multi-channel data acquisition software</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">HEKA</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">Patchmaster</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Image acquisition and analysis software</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">RedShirtImaging</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">Neuroplex</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Spreadsheet application software</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Microsoft</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">Microsoft Excel 2010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Data analysis software</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">OriginLab</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">OriginPro 8.6.0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:368px;">Demagnifier</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Qioptiq LINOS</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">Optem standard camera coupler 0.38x SC38 J clamp</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:368px;">Confocal microscope</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Nikon</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">Nikon A1R confocal microscope</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:368px;">Anti-fade reagent</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">P36930</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

imaging membrane potential with two types of genetically encoded fluorescent voltage sensors

Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) have improved to the point where they are beginning to be useful for in vivo recordings. While the ultimate goal is to image neuronal activity in vivo, one must be able to image activity of a single cell to ensure successful in vivo preparations. This procedure will describe how to image membrane potential in a single cell to provide a foundation to eventually image in vivo. Here we describe methods for imaging GEVIs consisting of a voltage-sensing domain fused to either a single fluorescent protein (FP) or two fluorescent proteins capable of F&#246;rster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in vitro. Using an image splitter enables the projection of images created by two different wavelengths onto the same charge-coupled device (CCD) camera simultaneously. The image splitter positions a second filter cube in the light path. This second filter cube consists of a dichroic and two emission filters to separate the donor and acceptor fluorescent wavelengths depending on the FPs of the GEVI. This setup enables the simultaneous recording of both the acceptor and donor fluorescent partners while the membrane potential is manipulated via whole cell patch clamp configuration. When using a GEVI consisting of a single FP, the second filter cube can be removed allowing the mirrors in the image splitter to project a single image onto the CCD camera.

Transitoriamente células transfectadas pueden exhibir una variación significativa en la intensidad de fluorescencia y el grado de expresión en la membrana de plasma. Incluso en el mismo cubreobjetos algunas células tendrán diferentes niveles de fluorescencia interna. Esto es más probable debido a la cantidad de agente de transfección absorbido por la célula. De vez en cuando, el exceso de expresión hace que la célula de experimentar la respuesta de la proteína desplegada que r...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors at JoVE.com

Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors

Membrana de imagen potencial con dos tipos de sensores de tensión fluorescentes genéticamente codificados

A method for imaging changes in membrane potential using genetically encoded voltage indicators is described.

Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) have improved to the point where they are beginning to be useful for in vivo recordings. While the ultimate ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Optical Imaging of Neurons in the Crab Stomatogastric Ganglion with Voltage-sensitive Dyes

Imagen óptica de neuronas en el ganglio Cangrejo Stomatogastric con tintes sensibles al voltaje

Voltage-sensitive dye imaging of neurons is a key methodology for the understanding of how neuronal networks are organised and how the simultaneous ...

Investigación

Neurociencias

Determination of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Reactive Oxygen Species in Live Rat Cortical Neurons

Determinación de Especies de la membrana mitocondrial de oxígeno potencial y reactiva en las neuronas corticales de rata en vivo

Mitochondrial membrane potential (&Delta;&Psi;m) is critical for maintaining the physiological function of the respiratory chain to generate ATP.  A ...

Quantitative Analysis of Synaptic Vesicle Pool Replenishment in Cultured Cerebellar Granule Neurons using FM Dyes

Análisis cuantitativo de Reposición Synaptic piscina vesículas en cultivos de neuronas granulares del cerebelo con tintes FM

After neurotransmitter release in central nerve terminals, SVs are rapidly retrieved by endocytosis.  Retrieved SVs are then refilled with ...

Imaging Neuronal Responses in Slice Preparations of Vomeronasal Organ Expressing a Genetically Encoded Calcium Sensor

Las respuestas de imagen neuronal en los preparativos de la rebanada del órgano vomeronasal Expresando un sensor de calcio genéticamente codificados

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) detects chemosensory signals that carry information about the social, sexual and reproductive status of the individuals within ...

Single Cell Measurement of Dopamine Release with Simultaneous Voltage-clamp and Amperometry

Medición única célula de la liberación de dopamina simultánea con fijación de voltaje y Amperometría

After its release into the synaptic cleft, dopamine exerts its biological properties via its pre- and post-synaptic targets1. The dopamine signal is ...

Membrane Potential Dye Imaging of Ventromedial Hypothalamus Neurons From Adult Mice to Study Glucose Sensing

Potencial de Membrana Tinte Imaging de ventromedial del hipotálamo neuronas de ratones adultos para el Estudio de la glucosa Sensing

Studies of neuronal activity are often performed using neurons from rodents less than 2 months of age due to the technical difficulties associated with ...

Imaging Intracellular Ca2+ Signals in Striatal Astrocytes from Adult Mice Using Genetically-encoded Calcium Indicators

Imaging Intracellular Ca2+ Signals in Striatal Astrocytes from Adult Mice Using Genetically-encoded Calcium Indicators

Imaging intracelular de Ca<sup&gt; 2 +</sup&gt; Las señales en estriatal astrocitos de ratones adultos a través de indicadores de calcio codificados genéticamente-

Astrocytes display spontaneous intracellular Ca2+ concentration fluctuations ([Ca2+]i) and in several settings respond to neuronal excitation with ...

Optical Control of a Neuronal Protein Using a Genetically Encoded Unnatural Amino Acid in Neurons

Control óptico de una proteína neuronal utilizando un ácido Unnatural Amino genéticamente codificados en las neuronas

Photostimulation is a noninvasive way to control biological events with excellent spatial and temporal resolution. New methods are desired to ...

Measuring Membrane Lipid Turnover with the pH-sensitive Fluorescent Lipid Analog ND6

Exo-/endocytosis is a common process mediating the exchange of biomolecules between cells and their environment and among different cells. Specialized ...

Imaging Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake in Astrocytes and Neurons using Genetically Encoded Ca2+ Indicators (GECIs)

Imaging Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake in Astrocytes and Neurons using Genetically Encoded Ca2+ Indicators GECIs

Obtención de imágenes de ca2+ mitocondrial en astrocitos y neuronas utilizando indicadores de Ca2+ codificados genéticamente (GECI)

Mitochondrial Ca2+ plays a critical role in controlling cytosolic Ca2+ buffering, energy metabolism, and cellular signal transduction. Overloading of ...