Name: quantification of cerebral vascular architecture using two-photon microscopy in a mouse model of hiv-induced neuroinflammation
Uploaded: 2016-01-12T18:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantification of Cerebral Vascular Architecture using Two-photon Microscopy in a Mouse Model of HIV-induced Neuroinflammation at JoVE.com

We thank Maria Jepson, Dr. Paivi Jordan, and Dr. Linda Callahan at the University of Rochester Multiphoton Core for technical advice throughout the completion of this protocol. We also thank Dr. Changyong Feng for expert statistical advice, and Dr. Maiken Nedergaard at the University of Rochester Medical Center for the headplate design used in this paper. This work was supported in part by grants T32GM007356 and R01DA026325 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH); and by the University of Rochester Center for AIDS Research grant P30AI078498 (NIH).

Hayvan Kaynakları Rochester Üniversitesi Komitesi Üniversitesi Bu yazıda yapılan tüm işlemleri onayladı. 1. Ön cerrahi hazırlanması (ve fare) <ol><li> Gerekli tüm ekipman ile cerrahi alan hazırlayın. Önceden% 70 etanol kullanılarak işlem sırasında kullanılan tüm araçları sterilize edin. İsteğe bağlı olarak, bir cam boncuk sterilizatör kullanın veya araçları sterilize etmek otoklav. </li><li> Bir izofluran buharlaştırıcı bağlı bir izofluran indüksiyon o...

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N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+central+nervous+system+expression+of+HIV-1+Tat+leads+to+accelerated+rarefaction+of+neocortical+capillaries+and+loss+of+red+blood+cell+velocity+heterogeneity.">Chronic central nervous system expression of HIV-1 Tat leads to accelerated rarefaction of neocortical capillaries and loss of red blood cell velocity heterogeneity.</a> Microcirculation. 21 (7), 664-676 (2014).</li><li>Marker, D. F., Tremblay, M. E., Lu, S. M., Majewska, A. K., Gelbard, H. 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E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Region-specific+and+agent-specific+dilation+of+intracerebral+microvessels+by+volatile+anesthetics+in+rat+brain+slices.">Region-specific and agent-specific dilation of intracerebral microvessels by volatile anesthetics in rat brain slices.</a> Anesthesiology. 87 (5), 1191-1198 (1997).</li></ol>

Burada tarif edilen yöntem, deneysel modeller / ayarları geniş bir beyin mikrovasküler yapılarını analiz etmek için uygulanabilir. Bu yöntemin başarılı olması için, üç kritik adım hakim olması gerekmektedir. İlk olarak, ince kafatası penceresi kafatası ya da altta yatan beyin zarar vermemelidir. Bu inceltme sırasında kafatası delinme ya da ısı kaynaklı damar kaçağa neden kolaydır. Floresan boya odak düzlemi içine sızabilir ve kılcal belirsiz gibi bu görüntüleme engelleyebilir. Kafata...

İnsan Bağışıklık Yetmezliği Virüsü 1 (HIV-1) virüs enfeksiyonunun akut fazında beyni işgal ve verimli onların aktivasyon yol mikroglia ve beyin ikamet makrofajlar hem bozar - ve her iki konak kaynaklı inflamatuar mediatörlerin ve çözünür HIV-1 serbest bırakma Böyle Tat ve (1,2 gözden) gp120 olarak virotoxins. Sonuç olarak, kronik nöroenflamatuar devlet HIV-1 İlişkili Nörokognitif Bozuklukları (EL) 3-5 patogenezine katkıda düşünülmektedir MSS içinde kurulmuş olur. HIV-1 Tat veya farelerin merkezi sinir sistemi içinde, interlökin (IL) -17A arasında kronik aşırı mikrovasküler seyrelmesi 6,7 ile sonuçlandığı gösterilmiştir. Bu kronik Nöroenflamasyon serebral damarlarda üzerindeki etkileri yoluyla EL patogenezine katkıda bulunabileceği ihtimalini yükseltir. Ayrıca bu soruyu incelemek için, biz serebral vasküler yapıda çalışılmıştır ölçmek için yöntemler geliştirmişlerdirtures. Bu kağıt, kademeli bir uzunluğu, toplam kademeli bir uzunluk ve ortalama kılcal çap ve ince bir kafatası kortikal pencereden kılcal ağ şebekeleri in vivo görüntüleme kullanılarak total kılcal hacmi ve ortalama kılcal düğümleri, kılcal kesimlerinin sayısı ölçülmesi için bir yöntem tarif eder (daha önce tarif edilen modifiye protokolleri) 8,9, hem de iki foton mikroskopi kullanılarak beyin bölümlerinin ex vivo görüntüleme. In vivo ince kafatası kortikal pencere serebral çevrenin korunması için izin verir çünkü beyin dilimleri kılcal ağları ex vivo görüntüleme rekonstrüksiyonu sağlarken Bu kombine yaklaşım, serebral vasküler parametrelerin bütünsel bir kantitatif sağlar üç boyutlu, tam kılcal ağ şebekeleri, - daha sonra ticari olarak temin edilebilen yazılımı kullanılarak belirlenebilir.

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quantification of cerebral vascular architecture using two-photon microscopy in a mouse model of hiv-induced neuroinflammation

Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) infection frequently results in HIV-1 Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND), and is characterized by a chronic neuroinflammatory state within the central nervous system (CNS), thought to be driven principally by virally-mediated activation of microglia and brain resident macrophages. HIV-1 infection is also accompanied by changes in cerebrovascular blood flow (CBF), raising the possibility that HIV-associated chronic neuroinflammation may lead to changes in CBF and/or in cerebral vascular architecture. To address this question, we have used a mouse model for HIV-induced neuroinflammation, and we have tested whether long-term exposure to this inflammatory environment may damage brain vasculature and result in rarefaction of capillary networks. In this paper we describe a method to quantify changes in cortical capillary density in a mouse model of neuroinflammatory disease (HIV-1 Tat transgenic mice). This generalizable approach employs in vivo two-photon imaging of cortical capillaries through a thin-skull cortical window, as well as ex vivo two-photon imaging of cortical capillaries in mouse brain sections. These procedures produce images and z-stack files of capillary networks, respectively, which can be then subjected to quantitative analysis in order to assess changes in cerebral vascular architecture.

İnce kafatası kortikal pencere kortikal kılcal damarların in vivo iki foton görüntüleme (Şekil 1) sağlar. Görüntüye uygun alan çok sayıda, farklı kılcal (Şekil 1A) gösterir. Aynı görüş alanında, herhangi bir arteryel hücre duvarı otofloresansı vardır ve ikinci harmonik üretimi 11 (Şekil 1B) ile indüklenen örneğin kolajen floresan gibi diğer floresan sinyalleri, söz konusu olabilir. </...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantification of Cerebral Vascular Architecture using Two-photon Microscopy in a Mouse Model of HIV-induced Neuroinflammation at JoVE.com

Quantification of Cerebral Vascular Architecture using Two-photon Microscopy in a Mouse Model of HIV-induced Neuroinflammation

HIV kaynaklı Nöroinflamasyondan bir Fare Modeli İki foton Mikroskop kullanarak Serebral Vasküler Mimarlık Niceleme

This paper describes a method by which the vascular architecture in the brain can be quantified using in vivo and ex vivo two-photon microscopy.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) infection frequently results in HIV-1 Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND), and is characterized by a chronic ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

A Thin-skull Window Technique for Chronic Two-photon In vivo Imaging of Murine Microglia in Models of Neuroinflammation

A Thin-skull Window Technique for Chronic Two-photon In vivo Imaging of Murine Microglia in Models of Neuroinflammation

Kronik İki foton için İnce kafatası Pencere Tekniği In vivo</emNöro-inflamasyon Modelleri murin mikroglia> Görüntüleme

Traditionally in neuroscience, in vivo two photon imaging of the murine central nervous system has either involved the use of open-skull1,2 or ...

In vivo Imaging of the Mouse Spinal Cord Using Two-photon Microscopy

In vivo Imaging of the Mouse Spinal Cord Using Two-photon Microscopy

Fare Omurilik İki foton Mikroskop kullanarak in vivo Görüntüleme

In vivo imaging using two-photon microscopy 1 in mice that have been genetically engineered to express fluorescent proteins in specific cell types 2-3 has ...

Detection of Microregional Hypoxia in Mouse Cerebral Cortex by Two-photon Imaging of Endogenous NADH Fluorescence

Endojen NADH Floresans iki-foton Imaging tarafından Fare Serebral Korteks olarak Microregional Hipoksi Algılama

The brain's ability to function at high levels of metabolic demand depends on continuous oxygen supply through blood flow and tissue oxygen diffusion. ...

In Vivo Two-Photon Microscopy of Single Nerve Endings in Skin

In Vivo Two-Photon Microscopy of Single Nerve Endings in Skin

Cilt Tek Sinir Endings Vivo İki-Foton Mikrokopisi

Nerve endings in skin are involved in physiological processes such as sensing1 as well as in pathological processes such as neuropathic pain2. Their ...

Two-Photon in vivo Imaging of Dendritic Spines in the Mouse Cortex Using a Thinned-skull Preparation

Two-Photon in vivo Imaging of Dendritic Spines in the Mouse Cortex Using a Thinned-skull Preparation

İki-Foton<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; Bir inceltilmiş-kafatası Hazırlık kullanarak Fare Cortex dendritik dikenler Görüntüleme

In the mammalian cortex, neurons form extremely complicated networks and exchange information at synapses. Changes in synaptic strength, as well as ...

Two-photon Imaging of Cellular Dynamics in the Mouse Spinal Cord

Fare Omurilik Hücresel Dynamics İki foton Görüntüleme

Two-photon (2P) microscopy is utilized to reveal cellular dynamics and interactions deep within living, intact tissues. Here, we present a method for ...

A Volumetric Method for Quantification of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Subaraknoid kanama, bir fare modeli serebral Vasospasm miktar hacimsel bir yöntemi

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a subtype of hemorrhagic stroke. Cerebral vasospasm that occurs in the aftermath of the bleeding is an important factor ...

In Vivo Three-Dimensional Two-Photon Microscopy to Study Conducted Vascular Responses by Local ATP Ejection Using a Glass Micro-Pipette

In vivo üç boyutlu Iki-foton mikroskobu çalışma bir cam mikro-pipet kullanarak yerel ATP ejeksiyon tarafından vasküler tepkiler yürütülen eğitim

Maintenance of normal brain function requires a sufficient and efficient supply of oxygen and nutrition by a complex network of vessels. However, the ...

Visualizing Protein Kinase A Activity In Head-fixed Behaving Mice Using In Vivo Two-photon Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy

In vivo Iki foton floresans ömür boyu görüntüleme mikroskobu kullanarak kafa-sabit davranan fareler Içinde bir aktivite, protein kinaz görselleştirme

Neuromodulation exerts powerful control over brain function. Dysfunction of neuromodulatory systems results in neurological and psychiatric disorders. ...

Transpupillary Two-Photon In Vivo Imaging of the Mouse Retina

Transpupiller İki Foton Fare Retinasının In vivo Görüntülenmesi

The retina transforms light signals from the environment into electrical signals that are propagated to the brain. Diseases of the retina are prevalent ...