Name: tracking cells in gfp-transgenic zebrafish using the photoconvertible psmorange system
Uploaded: 2016-02-05T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Tracking Cells in GFP-transgenic Zebrafish Using the Photoconvertible PSmOrange System at JoVE.com

We thank O. Subach for providing the original H2B-PSmOrange plasmid and our fish facility team for fish care. We are grateful to the Nikon Imaging Center at the University of Heidelberg for access to microscopy equipment and analysis software. We acknowledge the support of the Core Facility Live Cell Imaging Mannheim at the CBTM (DFG INST 91027/10-1 FUGG). This work was supported by the Excellenzcluster CellNetworks, EcTop Spatio-temporal coordination of signaling processes (EcTop 2), University of Heidelberg to C.A.B. and the Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University Heidelberg and the DFG (FOR 1036/2, 298/3-1 and 298/6-1) to M.C.

1. H2B-PSmOrange مرنا في المختبر النسخ ومرنا تنقية <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> خطي H2B-PSmOrange تحتوي على pCS2 + البلازميد باستخدام انزيم التقييد نوتي وفقا لتعليمات الشركة الصانعة. ملاحظة: تنفيذ الخطوات التالية باستخدام الحماية المناسبة مثل القفازات...

<ol>
	<li>Lombardo, V. A., Sporbert, A., Abdelilah-Seyfried, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+Tracking+Using+Photoconvertible+Proteins+During+Zebrafish+Development.">Cell Tracking Using Photoconvertible Proteins During Zebrafish Development.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (4350), (2012).</li><li>Subach, O. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+photoswitchable+orange-to-far-red+fluorescent+protein,+PSmOrange.">A photoswitchable orange-to-far-red fluorescent protein, PSmOrange.</a> Nature Methods. 8, 771-777 (2011).</li><li>Beretta, C. A., Dross, N., Bankhead, P., Carl, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+ventral+habenulae+of+zebrafish+develop+in+prosomere+2+dependent+on+Tcf7l2+function.">The ventral habenulae of zebrafish develop in prosomere 2 dependent on Tcf7l2 function.</a> Neural Development. 8, 19 (2013).</li><li>Ando, R., Hama, H., Yamamoto-Hino, M., Mizuno, H., Miyawaki, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+optical+marker+based+on+the+UV-induced+green-to-red+photoconversion+of+a+fluorescent+protein.">An optical marker based on the UV-induced green-to-red photoconversion of a fluorescent protein.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99, 12651-12656 (2002).</li><li>Habuchi, S., Tsutsui, H., Kochaniak, A. B., Miyawaki, A., van Oijen, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=mKikGR,+a+monomeric+photoswitchable+fluorescent+protein.">mKikGR, a monomeric photoswitchable fluorescent protein.</a> PLoS One. 3, e3944 (2008).</li><li>McKinney, S. A., Murphy, C. S., Hazelwood, K. L., Davidson, M. W., Looger, L. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+bright+and+photostable+photoconvertible+fluorescent+protein.">A bright and photostable photoconvertible fluorescent protein.</a> Nature Methods. 6, 131-133 (2009).</li><li>Chudakov, D. M., Lukyanov, S., Lukyanov, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tracking+intracellular+protein+movements+using+photoswitchable+fluorescent+proteins+PS-CFP2+and+Dendra2.">Tracking intracellular protein movements using photoswitchable fluorescent proteins PS-CFP2 and Dendra2.</a> Nature Protocols. 2, 2024-2032 (2007).</li><li>Subach, F. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photoactivatable+mCherry+for+high-resolution+two-color+fluorescence+microscopy.">Photoactivatable mCherry for high-resolution two-color fluorescence microscopy.</a> Nature Methods. 6, 153-159 (2009).</li><li>Patterson, G. H., Lippincott-Schwartz, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+photoactivatable+GFP+for+selective+photolabeling+of+proteins+and+cells.">A photoactivatable GFP for selective photolabeling of proteins and cells.</a> Science. 297, 1873-1877 (2002).</li><li>Subach, F. V., Patterson, G. H., Renz, M., Lippincott-Schwartz, J., Verkhusha, V. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bright+monomeric+photoactivatable+red+fluorescent+protein+for+two-color+super-resolution+sptPALM+of+live+cells.">Bright monomeric photoactivatable red fluorescent protein for two-color super-resolution sptPALM of live cells.</a> J Am Chem Soc. 132, 6481-6491 (2010).</li><li>Rosen, J. N., Sweeney, M. F., Mably, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microinjection+of+zebrafish+embryos+to+analyze+gene+function.">Microinjection of zebrafish embryos to analyze gene function.</a> J Vis Exp. (25), e1115 (2009).</li><li>Concha, M. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Local+tissue+interactions+across+the+dorsal+midline+of+the+forebrain+establish+CNS+laterality.">Local tissue interactions across the dorsal midline of the forebrain establish CNS laterality.</a> Neuron. 39, 423-438 (2003).</li><li>Auer, T. O., Duroure, K., Concordet, J. P., Del Bene, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CRISPR/Cas9-mediated+conversion+of+eGFP-+into+Gal4-transgenic+lines+in+zebrafish.">CRISPR/Cas9-mediated conversion of eGFP- into Gal4-transgenic lines in zebrafish.</a> Nature Protocols. 9, 2823-2840 (2014).</li><li>Auer, T. O., Duroure, K., De Cian, A., Concordet, J. P., Del Bene, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+efficient+CRISPR/Cas9-mediated+knock-in+in+zebrafish+by+homology-independent+DNA+repair.">Highly efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in in zebrafish by homology-independent DNA repair.</a> Genome Research. 24, 142-153 (2014).</li><li>Keller, P. J., Schmidt, A. D., Wittbrodt, J., Stelzer, E. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reconstruction+of+zebrafish+early+embryonic+development+by+scanned+light+sheet+microscopy.">Reconstruction of zebrafish early embryonic development by scanned light sheet microscopy.</a> Science. 322, 1065-1069 (2008).</li></ol>

وقد ساعدت الأجنة وراثيا تحمل صحفيين الفلورسنت أساسا لفهم التطور الجنيني. ومع ذلك، لا يزال هناك حاجة ضرورية لالمروجين لتسهيل التصور محدد هياكل معينة. في غيابهم، يعتمد الباحثون على تقنيات مثل photoconversion من البروتينات الفلورية لمعرفة المزيد عن أصل وتطور هيكلها من الفائد...

Exponentially improving imaging techniques allow following developmental processes over time periods of up to about four consecutive days3. In zebrafish and many other animal model systems, specific cells, tissues, axonal or vascular structures are marked by transgenic green or sometimes red or yellow fluorescent proteins to facilitate visualization. However, in most transgenic lines the transgene is not specifically expressed in the cells of interest but also additional structures, which hinders the precise tracking of for instance single cells or groups of cells.
Fluorescent photoconvertible proteins are well suited for cell tracking during embryonic development. The prerequisites for the application of such proteins are a long-lived nature, a well-separated emission range upon conversion and bright fluorescence. Available photoconvertible proteins comprise those that change their emission range upon conversion such as Kaede4, KiGR5, mEos26, PS-CFP2 or Dendra27 and others which are only fluorescent when photoactivated (PAmCherry8, PAGFP9 or PATagRFP10). Their applications to track cells in existing FP-transgenic animals are however limited as they often involve a green fluorescent state or do not fulfill all of the above criteria. Only recently, Subach and colleagues reported the PSmOrange protein, which changes its emission from orange/red to far red upon photoconversion and was successfully applied in cells in culture and cultured cells injected into mice2.
To investigate the protein's suitability for cell tracking in a living embryo, we generated an expression construct for the microinjection of nuclear-tagged H2B-PSmOrange into zebrafish embryos. We find that the protein fulfills all prerequisites for successful cell tracking in GFP transgenic backgrounds during the first 4 (and possibly more) days of zebrafish embryonic development. During this time, most of the cell migratory events are completed in fish making the PSmOrange system an excellent addition to the zebrafish toolkit.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="821">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">PCR Purification Kit</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">28104</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">mMESSAGE mMACHINE SP6 Transcription kit</td>
			<td>Ambion</td>
			<td>AM1340</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">RNeasy MiniElute Cleanup kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td align="right">74204</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Plastic Pasteur</td>
			<td>alpha laboratories</td>
			<td>LW4000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Original H2B-PSmOrange Plasmid</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>31920</td>
			<td>The plasmid described in the paper is available in the Carl lab</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FemtoJet Microinjector</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5247 000.013</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Forceps (5 Inox)</td>
			<td>NeoLab</td>
			<td>2-1633</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Lab-Tek II Chambered #1.5 German Coverglass System&#160;</td>
			<td>Nunc</td>
			<td align="right">155382</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Nikon A1R+</td>
			<td>Nikon GmbH Germany</td>
			<td>No Number</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Nikon PLAN Apo &#955; 20x air objective&#160;</td>
			<td>Nikon GmbH Germany</td>
			<td>No Number</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NIS Elements AR Software (v. 4.30.02)</td>
			<td>Nikon GmbH Germany/Laboratory Imaging</td>
			<td>No Number</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

tracking cells in gfp-transgenic zebrafish using the photoconvertible psmorange system

The rapid development of transparent zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) in combination with fluorescent labelings of cells and tissues allows visualizing developmental processes as they happen in the living animal. Cells of interest can be labeled by using a tissue specific promoter to drive the expression of a fluorescent protein (FP) for the generation of transgenic lines. Using fluorescent photoconvertible proteins for this purpose additionally allows to precisely follow defined structures within the expression domain. Illuminating the protein in the region of interest, changes its emission spectrum and highlights a particular cell or cell cluster leaving other transgenic cells in their original color. A major limitation is the lack of known promoters for a large number of tissues in the zebrafish. Conversely, gene- and enhancer trap screens have generated enormous transgenic resources discretely labeling literally all embryonic structures mostly with GFP or to a lesser extend red or yellow FPs. An approach to follow defined structures in such transgenic backgrounds would be to additionally introduce a ubiquitous photoconvertible protein, which could be converted in the cell(s) of interest. However, the photoconvertible proteins available involve a green and/or less frequently a red emission state1 and can therefore often not be used to track cells in the FP-background of existing transgenic lines. To circumvent this problem, we have established the PSmOrange system for the zebrafish2,3. Simple microinjection of synthetic mRNA encoding a nuclear form of this protein labels all cell nuclei with orange/red fluorescence. Upon targeted photoconversion of the protein, it switches its emission spectrum to far red. The quantum efficiency and stability of the protein makes PSmOrange a superb cell-tracking tool for zebrafish and possibly other teleost species.

ويوضح الشكل 1 مثالا للنظام PSmOrange photoconversion. مجمع الصنوبرية هو هيكل محفوظ في الدماغ البيني الظهرية الفقاريات. كما هو الحال في كثير من الفقاريات الأخرى، ويتكون هذا المجمع من الجهاز الصنوبرية في وسط الدماغ البيني والخلايا صنيبري اليسر...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Tracking Cells in GFP-transgenic Zebrafish Using the Photoconvertible PSmOrange System at JoVE.com

Tracking Cells in GFP-transgenic Zebrafish Using the Photoconvertible PSmOrange System

We established the photoconvertible PSmOrange system as a powerful, straight-forward and cost inexpensive tool for in vivo cell tracking in GFP transgenic backgrounds. This protocol describes its application in the zebrafish model system.

تتبع الخلايا في الزرد-GFP المعدلة وراثيا باستخدام نظام Photoconvertible PSmOrange

The rapid development of transparent zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) in combination with fluorescent labelings of cells and tissues allows visualizing ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Live Imaging of Innate Immune and Preneoplastic Cell Interactions Using an Inducible Gal4/UAS Expression System in Larval Zebrafish Skin

تصوير لايف الفطرية المناعي والتفاعلات سابق للورم الخلية باستخدام نظام التعبير / UAS محرض GAL4 في اليرقات الزرد الجلد

Here we describe a method to conditionally induce epithelial cell transformation by the use of the 4-Hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) inducible KalTA4-ERT2/UAS ...

Measuring Protein Stability in Living Zebrafish Embryos Using Fluorescence Decay After Photoconversion (FDAP)

Measuring Protein Stability in Living Zebrafish Embryos Using Fluorescence Decay After Photoconversion FDAP

قياس الاستقرار البروتين المتواجد في الحي اسماك الزرد الأجنة عن طريق الإسفار تسوس بعد Photoconversion (FDAP)

Protein stability influences many aspects of biology, and measuring the clearance kinetics of proteins can provide important insights into biological ...

Use of the TetON System to Study Molecular Mechanisms of Zebrafish Regeneration

استخدام نظام تيتون لدراسة الآليات الجزيئية لتجديد الزرد

The zebrafish has become a very important model organism for studying vertebrate development, physiology, disease, and tissue regeneration. A thorough ...

Alginate Encapsulation of Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Co-axial Nozzle

تغليف الجينات المحفزة للخلايا الجذعية باستخدام فوهة المشارك المحوري

Pluripotent stem cells (PS cells) are the focus of intense research due to their role in regenerative medicine and drug screening.  However, the ...

Analysis of Zebrafish Larvae Skeletal Muscle Integrity with Evans Blue Dye

تحليل الزرد اليرقات الهيكل العظمي النزاهة العضلات مع ايفانز الأزرق صبغ

The zebrafish model is an emerging system for the study of neuromuscular disorders.  In the study of neuromuscular diseases, the integrity of the muscle ...

The Production of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Amniotic Fluid Cells Using a Transposon System

إنتاج الخلايا الجذعية المحفزة من الفأر الأمنيوسي الخلايا السوائل عن طريق نظام ينقول

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are generated from mouse and human somatic cells by forced expression of defined transcription factors using ...

Single-cell Photoconversion in Living Intact Zebrafish

فوتوكونفيرسيون خلية واحدة في معيشة سليمة الزرد

Animal and plant tissue is composed of distinct populations of cells. These cells interact over time to build and maintain the tissue and can cause ...

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

التحليل الحسابي ل Germline ايليجانس كاينورهابديتيس دراسة توزيع الأنوية، والبروتينات، وسيتوسكيليتون

The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) germline is used to study several biologically important processes including stem cell development, apoptosis, and ...

In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

في المختبر توليد المشتقات سميط من البشرية التي يسببها الخلايا الجذعية Pluripotent

In response to signals such as WNTs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and sonic hedgehog (SHH) secreted from surrounding tissues, somites (SMs) give ...

Three-dimensional Angiogenesis Assay System using Co-culture Spheroids Formed by Endothelial Colony Forming Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

نظام فحص تكوين الأوعية ثلاثي الأبعاد باستخدام Spheroids الثقافة المشتركة التي شكلتها الخلايا المكونة للمستعمرة البطانية والخلايا الجذعية Mesenchymal

Studies in the field of angiogenesis have been aggressively growing in the last few decades with the recognition that angiogenesis is a hallmark of more ...