Name: indirect fabrication of lattice metals with thin sections using centrifugal casting
Uploaded: 2016-05-14T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting at JoVE.com

Deze studie kregen steun van de Research Initiation Grant (RIG) van de vice-president voor onderzoek en economische ontwikkeling aan de Universiteit van Noord-Texas (UNT). De auteurs danken ook KCIS Co. Ltd voor het gedeeltelijk dit onderzoek ondersteunen. De steun van PACCAR Technology Institute aan UNT aan het succes van deze publicatie wordt zeer gewaardeerd.

1. Planning van Experiment <ol><li> Teken een offer patroon (een octet frameconstructie met sprue systeem) met behulp van computer aided design (CAD) zoals getoond in figuur 1 en slaan het CAD-model als een STL bestandsformaat. Opmerking: Het offer patroon is een geïntegreerd patroon van het octet truss structuur met een spruw systeem dat uiteindelijk zal worden gesmolten voor het gieten. Omdat het offer patroon omvat zowel de octet truss structuur en spruw systeem, is het niet precies vertege...

<ol>
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Voor conventionele metalen gietstuk is het belangrijk om de stroom gesmolten metaal is glad en gestroomlijnd laminaire in de vormholte houden en nogal onregelmatig voorkomen en geroerd stroming geobserveerd op turbulente stroming 27. Daarom is het belangrijk om de inlaat van de sprue behorende bij de draaisnelheid van een centrifugale arm om de stroom gesmolten metaal in de vormholte raster laminaire handhaven adequate opzet. In deze studie, de kritische stappen van het protocol z...

Cellulaire metalen zijn metalen uit een onderling verbonden netwerk van vaste steunen of platen en complexe micro-architecturen met holten 1. Voorbeelden omvatten zowel i) willekeurig gestructureerd stochastische schuimen en ii) periodiek geordende twee dimensionale (2D) honingraten en driedimensionale (3D) rooster truss constructies. Ze hebben aandacht gekregen vanwege hun hoge specifieke stijfheid en sterkte 1-3 en hoge specifieke weerstand 4-5, uitstekende energieabsorptie voor stootbelasting 6, geluidsisolatie 7, mogelijke uitvoering van warmte dissipaters en warmtewisselaars 8. Vooral periodiek gerangschikt rooster delen kunnen mogelijk de eigenschappen die beter met een mogelijkheid om de inwendige poreuze netwerk geometrie Engineer. Vanwege hun complexe interne geometrie poreus netwerk, is het moeilijk om cellulaire metalen vervaardigen met de conventionele subtractieve machining. Als zodanig, hebben de onderzoekers op zoek gegaan naar alternatieve methoden om cellulaire metalen fabriceren: het vormen van gas in vloeibaar metaal of het mengen van metaalpoeder met blaasmiddelen verkend voor het vervaardigen van stochastische metalen vormen 9. Vanwege het gebrek aan controle over cel topologie, is het moeilijk om de mechanische eigenschappen aanpassen. Als alternatief fabricagemethoden voor het periodiek bestelde cellulaire metalen werden onderzocht: stempelen dunne platen van metaal in een gegolfde vorm, gevolgd door hen te verbinden aan periodieke structuren 10 te creëren, bonding sleuven metalen platen 11, extrusie 12, weven en brandende metalen draden textiel 13 te fabriceren. Hoewel deze productiemethoden bieden herhaalbare patronen zijn de patronen nog beperkt in de vlakke richting. In een poging om 3D-patroon herhaling te genereren, onderzoekers begonnen met behulp van additive manufacturing (AM), bijvoorbeeld, Selective Laser Melting (SLM) 14, het smelten met elektronenstralen (EBM) <sup&gt; 15, en Direct-Metal Laser Sinteren (DML) 16. Ondanks hun vermogen om te fabriceren 3D besteld complex rooster geometrieën, bestaan ​​er nog enkele beperkingen: moeite met behulp van metalen met een hoge thermische geleidbaarheid en hoge optische reflectiviteit 17, een hoge thermische restspanning 18, slechte afwerking van het oppervlak van de &#39;balling&#39; verschijnsel tijdens laser of elektron smelten 19, 20-21 anisotrope eigenschappen van onderdelen als gevolg van een combinatie van de gelaagde fabricage, anisotrope vorming van korrels, poeder grootte, kracht en scansnelheid van laser- of elektronenbundel 15, een hoog energieverbruik, enz. Het combineren polymeerbasis AM metalen gietstuk kan een alternatieve methode om metalen rooster vervaardigen is. Men kan deze &quot;indirect AM&quot; noemen. Indirecte AM kan een oplossing voor de technische problemen van directe AM van bovengenoemde metalen overwinnen. Verscheidene pogingen geweest made naar rooster metalen produceren met behulp van indirecte AM combineren van 3D printen van polymeren met de zwaartekracht gebaseerde casting 22-25, bijvoorbeeld, een investering casting in combinatie met Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) om een rooster legering 22-25 of zand gieten in combinatie met een zand poeder fabriceren op basis van AM 23. De zwaartekracht gebaseerde casting lijkt een technische uitdaging te overwinnen blijven - misrun en porositeit veroorzaakt door een plotselinge het stollen van gesmolten metalen, wanneer zij voldoen aan netwerkstructuren met scherpe hoeken van het rooster structurele matrijzen 25-26. Relatief grote oppervlak van rooster structurele matrijzen lijkt bij te dragen aan plotselinge afkoeling, waardoor voortijdige stolling 25-26. In deze studie, stellen wij een alternatief indirect AM dat de misrun tijdens de productie van metalen rooster kan overwinnen - centrifugaal gieten om een ​​rooster vormholte gemaakt door een 3D geprint rooster offer polymeer patroon. We maken gebruik van een digitaalLight Processing (DLP) op basis van 3D-printing methode om een ​​rooster structurele opofferende patroon gevolgd door centrifugaal gieten van Al en Cu legeringen te bouwen. Het doel van deze studie is een gedetailleerd protocol aanlevert aan fabricage van 3D rooster metalen met een complexe vorm en een dunne wanddikte. De belangrijkste bijdrage van dit proces is de mogelijkheid om de materiaalkeuze uitbreiden lage productiekosten productiemachines rooster metalen.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Motorized centrifugal casting machine</td>
			<td>Rey Motorized Centrifugal Casting Machine, Rey Industries Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Made in U.S.A. by Rey industries, Inc. Dallas, TX 75220</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gypsum powder</td>
			<td>Satin Cast 20, FindingKing Kerr</td>
			<td>7960</td>
			<td>Gypsum powder is used to make the investment mixture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ployjet 3D printer</td>
			<td>Projet HD3500 Plus, 3D Systems</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This polymer based 3D printer to print out sacrificial pattern for casting.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cartridge materials - UV curable and castable acrylic plastic</td>
			<td>VisiJet Procast, 3D Systems</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This is castable material that is going to be burn out before casting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cartridge materials- support material</td>
			<td>VijiJet S300, 3D Systems</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This is support material that is going to be removed before pattern assemble</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ancient Bronze Casting Grain</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>706051</td>
			<td>This true bronze grain contains no zinc. Highly fluid, it melts quickly, casts cleanly and provides a good balance between strength and durability. The warm, deep-bronze color has rich red undertones, and the alloy takes a good patina. 
			Composition is 90% copper with an amount of tin; fits into the CDA#90700 category. This grain is sold in 1-lb. packages.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum Round Wire, 1/8&#34;, 1-Lb. Spool, Dead Soft</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>134700</td>
			<td>Lightweight and strong, aluminum wire is an economical and versatile choice. Not as bright-white as silver, aluminum offers a warmer tone much like that of platinum. Solder ONLY with low-temp solders such as Stay-Brite; suitable for both pulse-arc and laser welding. This quality aluminum wire is packaged on 1-lb. spools.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Computer aided design software (Pro-e)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This software can be replaced with the others such as Auto CAD, Catia, and so on.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ProJet Finisher 1-A</td>
			<td>3D Systems</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This machine is used to melt the support material.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>160 Watt 2.5 Liters Digital Ultrasonic Cleaner with Timer Heater Rings Tools</td>
			<td>Chicago, Electric, Power Tools</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>85 oz. capacity, Five cleaning cycles: 90, 180, 280, 380 and 480 seconds, Clean with or without heat, Easy-to-read LED digital timer, Clear-view window</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fan&#160;</td>
			<td>Honeywell Inc.&#160;</td>
			<td>HT-800</td>
			<td>120V A.C., 60Hz., 0.85A. TP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraffin wax for wax sheet - Modeler&#39;s Pink Wax Sheet, 3&#34; by 6&#34;, 24-Ga.</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>700075</td>
			<td>Sheet wax is flexible and can be cut or formed into any shape. It&#8217;s ideal for designing since you can draw or trace directly onto the sheet; choose green or pink depending on which will best show your designs. High manufacturing standards ensure exceptional consistency and significant price savings. Value is enhanced by larger package quantities at the same price as the smaller packages available elsewhere. Each 8-oz. package contains approximately 30 sheets.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraffin wax for wax stick - Modeler&#39;s Medium Red Sprue Wax, 8-Ga</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>700741</td>
			<td>A pliable, softer sprue wax than the firm blue. Good for forming gates and sprues and burns out cleanly with no residue.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcohol Lamp</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>700008</td>
			<td>Use this lamp to heat wax-working tools or as a flame polisher. The heavy glass reservoir has faceted sides to allow it to be tipped for angling the flame. A screw adjustment for the 7&#34; x 3/16&#34; wick controls the height of the flame. A safety cap snuffs the flame and prevents fuel evaporation. For the best flame, use methyl alcohol fuel. Replacement wicks available. Reservoir holds 5 oz. (150ml) of fuel.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wax carving tool set - Soft Grip Wax Carvers, Set of 10</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>700329</td>
			<td>This boxed set offers the best in cutting and shaping technology. Each of these ten high-quality steel wax-carving tools features a 5/16&#34; PVC covered handle that ensures a sure, comfortable grip through hours of work and all have sharp edges for shaping and fine detailing. Sharpen or custom-shape each tool to fit your needs. These tools provide exceptional tool strength and deliver excellent results. This set comes in a hinged, foam-lined wood box.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rubber Mixing Bowl, 1-1/2 Qt.</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>702131</td>
			<td>This highly-flexible vulcanized rubber bowl is easy to grip, will not be marred by a spatula and cleans with ease.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pyrex Beaker, 1,000ml</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>335040</td>
			<td>Ideal for holding and heating bath plating solutions, this genuine Pyrex glass beaker is sturdy and durable.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rio Premium Stainless Steel Flask, 2-1/2&#34; dia.</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>70201514</td>
			<td>This solid, #304-quality stainless steel flask is corrosion-resistant, durable for a long service life and performs under extreme temperature without distortion.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CAST/T Ceramic Casting Crucible, 450g</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>705047</td>
			<td>Made exclusively for the CAST/T centrifugal casting machine, this crucible is designed with an angled base that slides into the hinged bracket on top of the casting machine. This brings the crucible into perfect alignment with the center of the flask ring to ensure an error-free pour.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MyWeigh iBalance 300 Digital Scale</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>116850</td>
			<td>This scale is used to measure the weight of the sacrificial and sprue system for metal which is going to be used for centrifugal casting.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rubber bottom - CAST/T Flask Ring Base</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>705025</td>
			<td>Specially made for the CAST/T centrifugal casting machine, this rubber base accommodates all Table King flask ring styles, creating a secure, airtight seal throughout the investment process. The center post fits either of the wax disc styles for complete versatility.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scotch&#174; Colored Duct Tape, 1 7/8&#34; x 20 Yd., Blue</td>
			<td>OfficeMax&#160;</td>
			<td>22353766</td>
			<td>This scotch tape is used to make sure that the gypsum-water mixture fully covers the assembled sacrificial pattern inside the flask by allowing for extra material above the flask height</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vacuum casting machine - V.I.C. 12 Tabletop Solid- and Perforated-Flask Casting Machine with The Rio Assistant, 110-Volt</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>70511814</td>
			<td>The V.I.C. 12 casting machine offers all the latest technical innovations for efficient, productive vacuum investing and casting. Designed to meet the demands of medium-sized casting operations, this machine includes a powerful 1/2hp, 5cfm vacuum pump for effective vacuuming and outstanding casting results. The V.I.C. 12 casts small or large flasks. Includes an adapter table that accepts standard solid flasks up to 5&#34; x 7&#34; high and is mounted on rubber feet for stability.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Furnace for burn out sacrificial pattern -Rio Model 1000 Enameling Kiln with Nine Program Controller</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>703121</td>
			<td>The Rio enameling kiln features three pre-set firing temperatures for enamels and six that you can define. Use the exclusive Rio controller to set and maintain firing temperatures. Perfect for all types of enameling, including tall pieces. Includes ample space for firing and an easy-latch door that will not jar your enamels when opening and closing. Also suitable for metal clay, glass and ceramics. Galvanized steel case with high-temperature insulating firebrick keeps them cool. Element protected in recessed groove. Includes user instructions.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Smith Complete Little Torch Acetylene and Oxygen System</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>500030</td>
			<td>Get everything you need to equip your shop for soldering and brazing. Use Little Torch systems for gold 
			or silver soldering, brazing and casting applications. Complete every soldering and melting job with confidence and ease! This system accepts all Little Torch accessory tips for melting, brazing and large soldering jobs and is a staple for every jeweler.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heat-Resistant Safety Apron</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>750160</td>
			<td>The specially designed apron has an 800&#176;F (427&#176;C) temperature resistance. Its reflective finish repels hot metal splashes and helps insulate the wearer from heat.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Radnor Heat-Resistant Gloves</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>350050</td>
			<td>These flexible, heat-resistant gloves are ideal for enameling projects, allowing you to grip even small tongs securely. Blue, shoulder-split leather gloves are made of tough cowhide and lined with cotton and foam, and have reinforced thumb wings.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Platinum Soldering Glasses, #7</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>113914</td>
			<td>Protect yourself and your employees when soldering platinum. Comfortable glasses feature adjustable earpieces and 52mm IR green polycarbonate #7 lenses. The #7 lens is approved by The Platinum Guild.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Economy Light-Duty Flask Tongs</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>704026</td>
			<td>Constructed of bent steel, these tongs are designed to handle flasks 3-1/2&#34; or less in diameter. The small-angle notches grip smaller flask sizes and the larger, rounded contour area securely holds larger flasks.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Separating Screen Bucket</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>201360</td>
			<td>15&#34;-diameter, 11-1/2&#34;-deep</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sand blaster - Econoline - 101701CB-A - Free-Standing Cabinets Workspace Width (Inch): 60 Workspace Depth (Inch): 48</td>
			<td>MSC industrial supply Co.&#160;</td>
			<td>223818</td>
			<td>Ree-Standing Cabinets; Workspace Width (Inch): 60; Workspace Depth (Inch): 48; Workspace Height (Inch): 40; Air Requirement: 12 CFM @ 80 psi; Overall Cabinet Width (Inch): 65; Maximum Cabinet Depth (Inch): 86</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Johnson&#39;s Baby Oil Shea &#38; Cocoa Butter&#160;</td>
			<td>Wal-Mart</td>
			<td>260074132</td>
			<td>This baby&#160; oil is used for removing the residue of the support material for the castable sacrificial pattern using Digital Ultrasonic Cleaner.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>German 4&#34; Saw Frame and Saw Blade Kit</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>110112</td>
			<td>Quality, German-made frames are our most popular saw frames, and this frame includes a sampler pack of Rio German saw blades! The adjustable saw frame allows you to achieve the blade tension you want. Throat depth is 102mm (4&#34;). Saw blades have rounded backs that make cutting curves and corners easy and are made from hardened, tempered steel.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

indirect fabrication of lattice metals with thin sections using centrifugal casting

Een van de methoden die 3D metalen rooster produceren is de directe metal additive manufacturing (AM) Werkwijze zoals Selective Laser Melting (SLM) en Electron Beam Melting (EBM). Ondanks de potentiële verwerkingscapaciteit, de directe AM werkwijze heeft verschillende nadelen zoals hoge kosten, slechte oppervlakteafwerking van eindproducten, beperking materiaalkeuze, hoge thermische belasting en anisotrope eigenschappen van onderdelen. Wij stellen een kosteneffectieve methode om 3D metalen rooster produceren. Het doel van deze studie is een gedetailleerd protocol aanlevert aan fabricage van 3D rooster metalen met een complexe vorm en een dunne wanddikte, bijvoorbeeld octet truss van Al en Cu legeringen met een eenheidscel lengte van 5 mm en een celwanddikte van 0,5 mm. Een algemene experimentele procedure is onderverdeeld in acht segmenten: (a) 3D printing opofferingskolommen patronen (b) de smelt uit dragermaterialen (c) het verwijderen van residu van dragermaterialen (d) -patroon assembly (e) investeringen (f) burn-out van de opofferende patronen (g) centrifugaal gieten (h) post-processing voor eindproducten. De voorgestelde indirecte AM techniek biedt de mogelijkheid om ultra-lichtgewicht metalen rooster te vervaardigen, bijv., Rooster structuren met Al legeringen. Het blijkt dat de procesparameters behoren moeten worden gecontroleerd afhankelijk van materialen en geometrie rooster met inachtneming van de eindproducten van octet truss metalen door de indirecte AM techniek.

Volgens de indirecte additive manufacturing in het gedeelte protocol beschreven werden Al en Cu legeringen die voor de vervaardiging octet truss metalen, zoals weergegeven in figuur 1 De gietstuk procedure wordt samengevat in Figuur 2 De procedure bestaat uit acht secties:.. (A) offer patroon afdrukken (b) het smelten-out van het dragermateriaal (c) het verwijderen van resten van het dragermateriaal (d) pattern assembly (e) investeringen (f) burn-out van...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting at JoVE.com

Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting

Een indirecte additive manufacturing combineren van een 3D printen van polymeren met een centrifugaal gieten wordt beschreven voor het vervaardigen van 3D octet truss metalen (Al en Cu legering) met een eenheidscel lengte van 5 mm met een wanddikte van 0,5 mm.

Indirecte Fabrication van Lattice Metals met slijpplaatjes behulp Centrifugal Casting

One of the typical methods to manufacture 3D lattice metals is the direct-metal additive manufacturing (AM) process such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) ...

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Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-film Solar cells with Plasmonic-enhanced Light-trapping

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Detection and Recovery of Palladium, Gold and Cobalt Metals from the Urban Mine Using Novel Sensors/Adsorbents Designated with Nanoscale Wagon-wheel-shaped Pores

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Speciation and Bioavailability Measurements of Environmental Plutonium Using Diffusion in Thin Films

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The biological uptake of plutonium (Pu) in aquatic ecosystems is of particular concern since it is an alpha-particle emitter with long half-life which can ...

Fabrication of Low Temperature Carbon Nanotube Vertical Interconnects Compatible with Semiconductor Technology

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We demonstrate a method for the low temperature growth (350 &#176;C) of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT) bundles on electrically conductive ...

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Here, we demonstrate a simple method for the rapid production of size-controllable, monodisperse, W/O microdroplets using a capillary-based centrifugal ...

Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes

Fabricage van White Light-emitting elektrochemische cellen met Stable Emissie van Exciplexes

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Fabrication of Periodic Gold Nanocup Arrays Using Colloidal Lithography

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Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing ...

Fabrication of Ultra-thin Color Films with Highly Absorbing Media Using Oblique Angle Deposition

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Ultra-thin film structures have been studied extensively for use as optical coatings, but performance and fabrication challenges remain.&#160; We present ...