Name: indirect fabrication of lattice metals with thin sections using centrifugal casting
Uploaded: 2016-05-14T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting at JoVE.com

Questo studio ha ricevuto il sostegno della ricerca Initiation Grant (RIG) del Vice Presidente per la Ricerca e lo Sviluppo Economico presso l&#39;Università del North Texas (UNT). Gli autori ringraziano anche KCIS Co. Ltd per sostenere in parte questo studio. Il sostegno da PACCAR Technology Institute at UNT per il successo di questa pubblicazione è molto apprezzato.

1. Progettazione di Experiment <ol><li> Disegnare un modello sacrificale (a struttura reticolare ottetto con un sistema di canale di colata) utilizzando il software progettazione assistita da computer (CAD) come mostrato in Figura 1 e salvare il modello CAD come formato STL. Nota: Il modello sacrificale è un modello integrato della struttura reticolare ottetto con un sistema materozza che verrà poi fusa per colata. Poiché il modello sacrificale comprende sia la struttura reticolare ottetto e...

<ol>
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Maters. &amp; Technol. 131 (1), 1-14 (2015).</li><li>Tan, H., Qu, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chap+6:+Impact+of+Cellular+Materials.">Chap 6: Impact of Cellular Materials.</a> Cellular and Porous Materials in Structures and Processes. , (2010).</li><li>Phani, A. S., Woodhouse, J., Fleck, N. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wave+Propagation+in+Two-Dimensional+Periodic+Lattices.">Wave Propagation in Two-Dimensional Periodic Lattices.</a> Acoust. Soc. A. 119 (4), 1995-2005 (2006).</li><li>Kumar, R. S., McDowell, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+Preliminary+Design+of+Rectangular+Linear+Cellular+Alloys+for+Maximum+Heat+Transfer.">Rapid Preliminary Design of Rectangular Linear Cellular Alloys for Maximum Heat Transfer.</a> AIAA. 42 (8), 1652-1661 (2004).</li><li>Banhart, J., Weaire, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On+the+Road+Again:+Metal+Foams+Find+Favor.">On the Road Again: Metal Foams Find Favor.</a> Physics Today. 55 (7), 37-42 (2002).</li><li>Wadley, H. N. G., Fleck, N. A., Evans, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fabrication+and+Structural+Performance+of+Periodic+Cellular+Metal+Sandwich+Structures.">Fabrication and Structural Performance of Periodic Cellular Metal Sandwich Structures.</a> Comp. Sci. and Technol. 63, 2331-2343 (2003).</li><li>Mori, L. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deformation+and+Fracture+Modes+of+Sandwich+Structures+Subjected+to+Underwater+Impulsive+Loads.">Deformation and Fracture Modes of Sandwich Structures Subjected to Underwater Impulsive Loads.</a> Mech. of Mater. &amp; Struct. 2 (10), 1981-2006 (2007).</li><li>Queheillalt, D. T., Murty, Y., Wadley, H. N. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+Properties+of+an+Extruded+Pyramidal+Lattice+Truss+Sandwich+Structure.">Mechanical Properties of an Extruded Pyramidal Lattice Truss Sandwich Structure.</a> Scripta Materialia. 58 (1), 76-79 (2008).</li><li>Queheillalt, D. T., Desphande, V. S., Wadley, H. N. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Truss+Waviness+Effects+in+Cellular+Lattice+Structures.">Truss Waviness Effects in Cellular Lattice Structures.</a> Mech. of Mater. &amp; Struct. 2 (9), 1657-1675 (2007).</li><li>Mullen, L., Stamp, R. C., Brooks, W. K., Jones, E., Sutcliffe, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+Laser+Melting:+A+Regular+Unit+Cell+Approach+for+the+Manufacture+of+Porous,+Titanium,+Bone+In-Growth+Constructs,+Suitable+for+Orthopedic+Applications.">Selective Laser Melting: A Regular Unit Cell Approach for the Manufacture of Porous, Titanium, Bone In-Growth Constructs, Suitable for Orthopedic Applications.</a> Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B: Appl. Biomaterials. 89, 325-334 (2009).</li><li>Murr, L. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Next-Generation+Biomedical+Implants+using+Additive+Manufacturing+of+Complex,+Cellular+and+Functional+Mesh+Arrays.">Next-Generation Biomedical Implants using Additive Manufacturing of Complex, Cellular and Functional Mesh Arrays.</a> Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. 368, 1999-2032 (2011).</li><li>Murali, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+Selective+Laser+Sintering+of+Iron-Graphite+Powder+Mixture.">Direct Selective Laser Sintering of Iron-Graphite Powder Mixture.</a> Mater. Proc. Technol. 136, 179-185 (2003).</li><li>Lott, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Design+of+an+Optical+System+for+the+In-Situ+Process+Monitoring+of+Selective+Laser+Melting+(SLM).">Design of an Optical System for the In-Situ Process Monitoring of Selective Laser Melting (SLM).</a> Ph. P. 12, 683-690 (2011).</li><li>Song, B., Dong, S., Liu, Q., Liao, H., Coddet, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vacuum+Heat+Treatment+of+Iron+Parts+Produced+by+Selective+Laser+Melting:+Microstructure,+Residual+Stress,+and+Tensile+Behavior.">Vacuum Heat Treatment of Iron Parts Produced by Selective Laser Melting: Microstructure, Residual Stress, and Tensile Behavior.</a> Mater. Design. 54, 727-733 (2014).</li><li>Yadroitsev, I., Smurov, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surface+Morphology+in+Selective+Laser+Melting+of+Metal+Powders.">Surface Morphology in Selective Laser Melting of Metal Powders.</a> Ph. P. 12, 264-270 (2011).</li><li>Antonysamy, A. A., Meyer, J., Prangnell, P. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+Build+Geometry+on+the+&#946;-grain+Structure+and+Texture+in+Additive+Manufacture+of+Ti-6Al-4V+by+Selective+Election+Beam+Melting.">Effect of Build Geometry on the &#946;-grain Structure and Texture in Additive Manufacture of Ti-6Al-4V by Selective Election Beam Melting.</a> J. of Mat. Charact. 84, 153-168 (2013).</li><li>Ladani, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Local+and+Global+Mechanical+Behavior+and+Microstructure+of+Ti6Al4V+Parts+Built+Using+Electron+Beam+Melting+Technology.">Local and Global Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure of Ti6Al4V Parts Built Using Electron Beam Melting Technology.</a> J. of Metalllur. &amp; Mater. Trans. 46, (2015).</li><li>Chiras, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Structural+Performance+of+Near-Optimized+Truss+Core+Panels.">The Structural Performance of Near-Optimized Truss Core Panels.</a> Solids Struct. 39, 4093-4115 (2002).</li><li>Meisel, N. A., Williams, C. B., Druschitz, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lightweight+Metal+Celluar+Structures+via+in+Direct+3D+Printing+and+Casting.">Lightweight Metal Celluar Structures via in Direct 3D Printing and Casting.</a> Proceedings of the 24th Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium. , (2013).</li><li>Mun, J., Ju, J., Yun, B. -. G., Chang, B. -. M., Kim, D. -. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Numerical+Study+of+Molten+Aluminum+for+Investment+Casting+of+3D+Cellular+Metals.">A Numerical Study of Molten Aluminum for Investment Casting of 3D Cellular Metals.</a> Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. , (2013).</li><li>Mun, J., Yun, B. -. G., Ju, J., Chang, B. -. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Indirect+Additive+Manufacturing+Based+Casting+of+a+Periodic+3D+Cellular+Metal+-+Flow+Simulation+of+Molten+Aluminum+Alloy.">Indirect Additive Manufacturing Based Casting of a Periodic 3D Cellular Metal - Flow Simulation of Molten Aluminum Alloy.</a> Manufact. Process. 17, 28-40 (2015).</li><li>Challapalli, A., Ju, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Continuum+Model+for+Effective+Properties+of+Orthotropic+Octet-Truss+Lattice+Materials.">Continuum Model for Effective Properties of Orthotropic Octet-Truss Lattice Materials.</a> Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. , (2014).</li><li>Taylor, H. F., Flemings, M. C., Wulff, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Foundry Engineering. , (1959).</li><li>Mun, J., Ju, J., Thurman, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Indirect+Additive+Manufacturing+Based+Casting+(I+AM+Casting)+of+a+Lattice+Structure.">Indirect Additive Manufacturing Based Casting (I AM Casting) of a Lattice Structure.</a> Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. , (2014).</li><li>Mun, J., Ju, J., Thurman, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Indirect+Additive+Manufacturing+of+a+Copper+Alloy+Cubic+Lattice+Structure.">Indirect Additive Manufacturing of a Copper Alloy Cubic Lattice Structure.</a> Proceedings of the 25th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium. , (2014).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Volume+2+Properties+and+Selection:+Nonferrous+Alloys+and+Pure+Metals.">Volume 2 Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Pure Metals.</a> Metals Handbook Ninth Edition. , (1979).</li><li>Romano, J., Ladani, L., Razmi, J., Sadowski, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temperature+Distribution+and+Melt+Geometry+in+Laser+and+Electron-beam+Melting+Processes+-+A+Comparison+Among+Common+Materials.">Temperature Distribution and Melt Geometry in Laser and Electron-beam Melting Processes - A Comparison Among Common Materials.</a> J. of Additive Manuf. 8, 1-11 (2015).</li></ol>

Per colata di metallo convenzionale, è importante mantenere il flusso del metallo fuso FLUIDITÀ in &#39;laminare&#39; nella cavità dello stampo e piuttosto evitare un flusso irregolare e agitata generalmente osservata in flusso turbolento 27. Pertanto, è importante progettare correttamente l&#39;ingresso del sistema materozza associato alla velocità di rotazione di un braccio di centrifugazione per mantenere il flusso di metallo fuso all&#39;interno della cavità dello stampo lattice &#39;laminare&#39;. ...

Metalli cellulari sono i metalli costituiti da una rete interconnessa di puntoni solidi o piastre e hanno complessi micro-architetture con vuoti 1. Gli esempi includono sia i) schiume stocastici strutturati in modo casuale e ii) periodicamente ordinato bidimensionali () favi 2D e tridimensionali (3D strutture reticolari) reticolari. Hanno ricevuto attenzione a causa della loro elevata rigidità specifica e resistenza 1-3 e alta resilienza specifica 4-5, eccellente assorbimento di energia all&#39;impatto di caricamento 6, isolamento acustico 7, possibile progettazione di dissipatori di calore e scambiatori di calore 8. In particolare, strutture a traliccio periodicamente ordinate hanno il potenziale per ingegnerizzare le proprietà superiori con una capacità di controllare la geometria della rete porosa interna. A causa della loro complessa geometria interna rete porosa, è difficile fabbricare metalli cellulari usando l&#39;machinin sottrattiva convenzionaleg. Come tale, i ricercatori hanno iniziato a cercare metodi alternativi per fabbricare metalli cellulari: la formazione di gas nel metallo liquido o mescolando polvere di metallo con agenti espandenti sono stati esplorati per la produzione di forme di metallo stocastici 9. A causa della mancanza di controllo sulla topologia cellulare, è difficile adattare le proprietà meccaniche. In alternativa, i metodi di produzione di metalli cellulari periodicamente ordinate sono stati esplorati: stampaggio lamiere sottili di metallo in una forma ondulata seguita da unirsi a loro per creare strutture periodiche 10, incollaggio a taglio lamiere 11, estrusione 12, la tessitura e ardente filamenti metallici per fabbricare tessuti 13. Anche se questi metodi di fabbricazione offrono modelli ripetibili, i modelli sono ancora limitate nella direzione planare. Nel tentativo di generare modello ripetizione 3D, i ricercatori hanno iniziato a utilizzare la produzione additiva (AM), ad esempio, laser selettiva Melting (SLM) 14, Electron Beam Melting (EBM) <sup&gt; 15, e Direct-Metal sinterizzazione laser (LMD) 16. Nonostante la loro capacità di fabbricare 3D ordinato geometrie reticolari complesse, esistono ancora alcune limitazioni: difficoltà utilizzo di metalli ad elevata conducibilità termica ed elevata riflettività ottica 17, ad alta tensione residua termico 18, scarsa finitura superficiale con il fenomeno &#39;balling&#39; durante laser o electron fusione 19, proprietà anisotrope 20-21 di parti causati da un effetto combinato della fabbricazione stratificato, formazione anisotropo di grani, granulometria, potenza e velocità di scansione del laser o fascio di elettroni 15, un elevato consumo di energia, ecc. Combinando AM basato polimero con colata di metallo può fornire un metodo alternativo per la fabbricazione di metalli reticolari. Si può chiamare questa &quot;AM indiretto&quot;. Indiretta AM può fornire una soluzione per superare i problemi tecnici di AM diretta dei metalli di cui sopra. Diversi tentativi sono stati made per la fabbricazione di metalli reticolo usando indiretta AM dell&#39;incontro fra la stampa 3D di polimeri con colata a gravità basato 22-25, ad esempio, una fusione a cera persa in combinazione con Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) per fabbricare una lega reticolo 22-25 o colata in sabbia combinata con una polvere di sabbia basato AM 23. Il casting a gravità sembra rimanere una sfida tecnica per superare - misrun e porosità causata da improvvisa solidificazione di metalli fusi quando si incontrano strutture di rete con spigoli vivi di stampi strutturali reticolari 25-26. Relativamente grande superficie di stampi strutturali reticolari appare anche contribuire al repentino raffreddamento, con conseguente solidificazione prematura 25-26. In questo studio, proponiamo un AM indiretta alternativa che può superare la misrun durante la fabbricazione di metalli reticolo - colata centrifuga ad una cavità di stampo grata fatta da un reticolo reticolo polimerico sacrificale 3D stampata. Usiamo un digitaleLight Processing (DLP) metodo di stampa 3D basato per costruire un modello sacrificale strutturale reticolare seguito da colata centrifuga di Al e Cu leghe. L&#39;obiettivo di questo studio è fornire un protocollo dettagliato sulla fabbricazione di metalli reticolari 3D di forma complessa e spessore di parete sottile. Il contributo principale di questo processo è quello di fornire la possibilità di estendere la selezione dei materiali basso costo di fabbricazione per la produzione di metalli reticolari.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Motorized centrifugal casting machine</td>
			<td>Rey Motorized Centrifugal Casting Machine, Rey Industries Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Made in U.S.A. by Rey industries, Inc. Dallas, TX 75220</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gypsum powder</td>
			<td>Satin Cast 20, FindingKing Kerr</td>
			<td>7960</td>
			<td>Gypsum powder is used to make the investment mixture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ployjet 3D printer</td>
			<td>Projet HD3500 Plus, 3D Systems</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This polymer based 3D printer to print out sacrificial pattern for casting.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cartridge materials - UV curable and castable acrylic plastic</td>
			<td>VisiJet Procast, 3D Systems</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This is castable material that is going to be burn out before casting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cartridge materials- support material</td>
			<td>VijiJet S300, 3D Systems</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This is support material that is going to be removed before pattern assemble</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ancient Bronze Casting Grain</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>706051</td>
			<td>This true bronze grain contains no zinc. Highly fluid, it melts quickly, casts cleanly and provides a good balance between strength and durability. The warm, deep-bronze color has rich red undertones, and the alloy takes a good patina. 
			Composition is 90% copper with an amount of tin; fits into the CDA#90700 category. This grain is sold in 1-lb. packages.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum Round Wire, 1/8&#34;, 1-Lb. Spool, Dead Soft</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>134700</td>
			<td>Lightweight and strong, aluminum wire is an economical and versatile choice. Not as bright-white as silver, aluminum offers a warmer tone much like that of platinum. Solder ONLY with low-temp solders such as Stay-Brite; suitable for both pulse-arc and laser welding. This quality aluminum wire is packaged on 1-lb. spools.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Computer aided design software (Pro-e)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This software can be replaced with the others such as Auto CAD, Catia, and so on.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ProJet Finisher 1-A</td>
			<td>3D Systems</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This machine is used to melt the support material.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>160 Watt 2.5 Liters Digital Ultrasonic Cleaner with Timer Heater Rings Tools</td>
			<td>Chicago, Electric, Power Tools</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>85 oz. capacity, Five cleaning cycles: 90, 180, 280, 380 and 480 seconds, Clean with or without heat, Easy-to-read LED digital timer, Clear-view window</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fan&#160;</td>
			<td>Honeywell Inc.&#160;</td>
			<td>HT-800</td>
			<td>120V A.C., 60Hz., 0.85A. TP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraffin wax for wax sheet - Modeler&#39;s Pink Wax Sheet, 3&#34; by 6&#34;, 24-Ga.</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>700075</td>
			<td>Sheet wax is flexible and can be cut or formed into any shape. It&#8217;s ideal for designing since you can draw or trace directly onto the sheet; choose green or pink depending on which will best show your designs. High manufacturing standards ensure exceptional consistency and significant price savings. Value is enhanced by larger package quantities at the same price as the smaller packages available elsewhere. Each 8-oz. package contains approximately 30 sheets.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraffin wax for wax stick - Modeler&#39;s Medium Red Sprue Wax, 8-Ga</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>700741</td>
			<td>A pliable, softer sprue wax than the firm blue. Good for forming gates and sprues and burns out cleanly with no residue.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcohol Lamp</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>700008</td>
			<td>Use this lamp to heat wax-working tools or as a flame polisher. The heavy glass reservoir has faceted sides to allow it to be tipped for angling the flame. A screw adjustment for the 7&#34; x 3/16&#34; wick controls the height of the flame. A safety cap snuffs the flame and prevents fuel evaporation. For the best flame, use methyl alcohol fuel. Replacement wicks available. Reservoir holds 5 oz. (150ml) of fuel.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wax carving tool set - Soft Grip Wax Carvers, Set of 10</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>700329</td>
			<td>This boxed set offers the best in cutting and shaping technology. Each of these ten high-quality steel wax-carving tools features a 5/16&#34; PVC covered handle that ensures a sure, comfortable grip through hours of work and all have sharp edges for shaping and fine detailing. Sharpen or custom-shape each tool to fit your needs. These tools provide exceptional tool strength and deliver excellent results. This set comes in a hinged, foam-lined wood box.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rubber Mixing Bowl, 1-1/2 Qt.</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>702131</td>
			<td>This highly-flexible vulcanized rubber bowl is easy to grip, will not be marred by a spatula and cleans with ease.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pyrex Beaker, 1,000ml</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>335040</td>
			<td>Ideal for holding and heating bath plating solutions, this genuine Pyrex glass beaker is sturdy and durable.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rio Premium Stainless Steel Flask, 2-1/2&#34; dia.</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>70201514</td>
			<td>This solid, #304-quality stainless steel flask is corrosion-resistant, durable for a long service life and performs under extreme temperature without distortion.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CAST/T Ceramic Casting Crucible, 450g</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>705047</td>
			<td>Made exclusively for the CAST/T centrifugal casting machine, this crucible is designed with an angled base that slides into the hinged bracket on top of the casting machine. This brings the crucible into perfect alignment with the center of the flask ring to ensure an error-free pour.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MyWeigh iBalance 300 Digital Scale</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>116850</td>
			<td>This scale is used to measure the weight of the sacrificial and sprue system for metal which is going to be used for centrifugal casting.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rubber bottom - CAST/T Flask Ring Base</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>705025</td>
			<td>Specially made for the CAST/T centrifugal casting machine, this rubber base accommodates all Table King flask ring styles, creating a secure, airtight seal throughout the investment process. The center post fits either of the wax disc styles for complete versatility.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scotch&#174; Colored Duct Tape, 1 7/8&#34; x 20 Yd., Blue</td>
			<td>OfficeMax&#160;</td>
			<td>22353766</td>
			<td>This scotch tape is used to make sure that the gypsum-water mixture fully covers the assembled sacrificial pattern inside the flask by allowing for extra material above the flask height</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vacuum casting machine - V.I.C. 12 Tabletop Solid- and Perforated-Flask Casting Machine with The Rio Assistant, 110-Volt</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>70511814</td>
			<td>The V.I.C. 12 casting machine offers all the latest technical innovations for efficient, productive vacuum investing and casting. Designed to meet the demands of medium-sized casting operations, this machine includes a powerful 1/2hp, 5cfm vacuum pump for effective vacuuming and outstanding casting results. The V.I.C. 12 casts small or large flasks. Includes an adapter table that accepts standard solid flasks up to 5&#34; x 7&#34; high and is mounted on rubber feet for stability.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Furnace for burn out sacrificial pattern -Rio Model 1000 Enameling Kiln with Nine Program Controller</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>703121</td>
			<td>The Rio enameling kiln features three pre-set firing temperatures for enamels and six that you can define. Use the exclusive Rio controller to set and maintain firing temperatures. Perfect for all types of enameling, including tall pieces. Includes ample space for firing and an easy-latch door that will not jar your enamels when opening and closing. Also suitable for metal clay, glass and ceramics. Galvanized steel case with high-temperature insulating firebrick keeps them cool. Element protected in recessed groove. Includes user instructions.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Smith Complete Little Torch Acetylene and Oxygen System</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>500030</td>
			<td>Get everything you need to equip your shop for soldering and brazing. Use Little Torch systems for gold 
			or silver soldering, brazing and casting applications. Complete every soldering and melting job with confidence and ease! This system accepts all Little Torch accessory tips for melting, brazing and large soldering jobs and is a staple for every jeweler.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heat-Resistant Safety Apron</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>750160</td>
			<td>The specially designed apron has an 800&#176;F (427&#176;C) temperature resistance. Its reflective finish repels hot metal splashes and helps insulate the wearer from heat.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Radnor Heat-Resistant Gloves</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>350050</td>
			<td>These flexible, heat-resistant gloves are ideal for enameling projects, allowing you to grip even small tongs securely. Blue, shoulder-split leather gloves are made of tough cowhide and lined with cotton and foam, and have reinforced thumb wings.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Platinum Soldering Glasses, #7</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>113914</td>
			<td>Protect yourself and your employees when soldering platinum. Comfortable glasses feature adjustable earpieces and 52mm IR green polycarbonate #7 lenses. The #7 lens is approved by The Platinum Guild.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Economy Light-Duty Flask Tongs</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>704026</td>
			<td>Constructed of bent steel, these tongs are designed to handle flasks 3-1/2&#34; or less in diameter. The small-angle notches grip smaller flask sizes and the larger, rounded contour area securely holds larger flasks.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Separating Screen Bucket</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>201360</td>
			<td>15&#34;-diameter, 11-1/2&#34;-deep</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sand blaster - Econoline - 101701CB-A - Free-Standing Cabinets Workspace Width (Inch): 60 Workspace Depth (Inch): 48</td>
			<td>MSC industrial supply Co.&#160;</td>
			<td>223818</td>
			<td>Ree-Standing Cabinets; Workspace Width (Inch): 60; Workspace Depth (Inch): 48; Workspace Height (Inch): 40; Air Requirement: 12 CFM @ 80 psi; Overall Cabinet Width (Inch): 65; Maximum Cabinet Depth (Inch): 86</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Johnson&#39;s Baby Oil Shea &#38; Cocoa Butter&#160;</td>
			<td>Wal-Mart</td>
			<td>260074132</td>
			<td>This baby&#160; oil is used for removing the residue of the support material for the castable sacrificial pattern using Digital Ultrasonic Cleaner.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>German 4&#34; Saw Frame and Saw Blade Kit</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>110112</td>
			<td>Quality, German-made frames are our most popular saw frames, and this frame includes a sampler pack of Rio German saw blades! The adjustable saw frame allows you to achieve the blade tension you want. Throat depth is 102mm (4&#34;). Saw blades have rounded backs that make cutting curves and corners easy and are made from hardened, tempered steel.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

indirect fabrication of lattice metals with thin sections using centrifugal casting

Uno dei metodi tipici per la fabbricazione di metalli reticolo 3D è il processo di fabbricazione di metallo diretta additivo (AM) come Selective Laser Melting (SLM) e fusione Electron Beam (EBM). Nonostante la sua capacità di elaborazione potenziale, il metodo AM diretta ha diversi svantaggi quali costo elevato, scarsa finitura superficiale dei prodotti finali, limitazione nella scelta dei materiali, elevati stress termici, e proprietà anisotrope di parti. Noi proponiamo un metodo conveniente per la produzione di metalli reticolo 3D. L&#39;obiettivo di questo studio è fornire un protocollo dettagliato sulla fabbricazione di metalli reticolari 3D di forma complessa e spessore di parete sottile, ad esempio, capriata ottetto fatti di Al e Cu leghe aventi lunghezza cella unitaria di 5 mm e spessore della parete cellulare di 0,5 mm. Una procedura sperimentale complessiva è divisa in otto sezioni: (a) stampa 3D dei modelli sacrificali (b) scioglie su materiali di supporto (c) rimozione di residui di materiale di supporto (d) assembl reticoloy (e) gli investimenti (f), burn-out dei modelli sacrificali (g) colata centrifuga (h) post-trasformazione dei prodotti finali. La tecnica AM indiretta suggerito fornisce il potenziale per la produzione di metalli reticolo ultra-leggero,. Ad esempio, strutture a traliccio con leghe di Al. Risulta che i parametri di processo devono essere adeguatamente controllati seconda dei materiali e della geometria reticolare, osservando i prodotti finali di metalli ottetto travatura dalla tecnica AM indiretta.

Utilizzando la fabbricazione additiva indiretta descritta nella sezione del protocollo, Al e Cu leghe sono stati usati per metalli fabbricazione ottetto reticolari, come mostrato in Figura 1 La tecnica di fusione intera è riassunto in Figura 2 La procedura consiste di otto sezioni:.. (A) sacrificale modello di stampa (b) di fusione di materiale di supporto (c) rimozione di residui di materiale di supporto (d) gruppo di modello (e) investimenti (f) burn-...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting at JoVE.com

Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting

Un metodo indiretto fabbricazione additivo combinando una stampa 3D di polimeri con una colata centrifuga è delineato per fabbricazione metalli reticolari 3D ottetto (Al e Cu leghe) di lunghezza cella unitaria di 5 mm con uno spessore di 0,5 mm.

Fabbricazione indiretta di Lattice metalli con sezioni sottili Utilizzando Fusione centrifuga

One of the typical methods to manufacture 3D lattice metals is the direct-metal additive manufacturing (AM) process such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) ...

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Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-film Solar cells with Plasmonic-enhanced Light-trapping

Celle in silicio policristallino solari a film sottile con plasmoniche-enhanced Light-trapping

One of major approaches to cheaper solar cells is reducing the amount of semiconductor material used for their fabrication and making cells thinner. To ...

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Detection and Recovery of Palladium, Gold and Cobalt Metals from the Urban Mine Using Novel Sensors/Adsorbents Designated with Nanoscale Wagon-wheel-shaped Pores

Rilevamento e recupero di palladio, oro e metalli di cobalto dalla miniera urbana Utilizzando novelli Sensori / Adsorbenti designate con nanoscala Wagon a forma di ruote pori

Developing low-cost, efficient processes for recovering and recycling palladium, gold and cobalt metals from urban mine remains a significant challenge in ...

Speciation and Bioavailability Measurements of Environmental Plutonium Using Diffusion in Thin Films

Speciazione e di biodisponibilità Misure di plutonio ambientale Uso Diffusione in film sottili

The biological uptake of plutonium (Pu) in aquatic ecosystems is of particular concern since it is an alpha-particle emitter with long half-life which can ...

Fabrication of Low Temperature Carbon Nanotube Vertical Interconnects Compatible with Semiconductor Technology

Fabbricazione di bassa temperatura Nanotubi di carbonio interconnessioni verticali Compatibile con la tecnologia Semiconductor

We demonstrate a method for the low temperature growth (350 &#176;C) of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT) bundles on electrically conductive ...

A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires

Un metodo di fabbricazione di conduttori è molto estensibile con argento Nanofili

Stretchable electronics are identified as a key technology for electronic applications in the next generation. One of the challenges in fabrication of ...

Capillary-based Centrifugal Microfluidic Device for Size-controllable Formation of Monodisperse Microdroplets

Centrifuga dispositivo a microfluidi capillare a base per la Formazione Size-controllabile di Monodisperse microgocce

Here, we demonstrate a simple method for the rapid production of size-controllable, monodisperse, W/O microdroplets using a capillary-based centrifugal ...

Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes

Fabbricazione di White Light-emitting cellule elettrochimiche con emissione stabile da ecciplessi

The authors present an approach for fabricating stable white light emission from polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) having an active ...

Fabrication of Periodic Gold Nanocup Arrays Using Colloidal Lithography

Fabbricazione di matrici Nanocup oro periodica mediante Litografia colloidale

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing ...

Fabrication of Ultra-thin Color Films with Highly Absorbing Media Using Oblique Angle Deposition

Fabbricazione di film ultra-sottile di colore con altamente assorbente Media mediante deposizione di angolo obliquo

Ultra-thin film structures have been studied extensively for use as optical coatings, but performance and fabrication challenges remain.&#160; We present ...

Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers

Fabbricazione di morbida rete pneumatica attuatori con obliquo Chambers

Soft pneumatic network actuators have become one of the most promising actuation devices in soft robotics which benefits from their large bending ...