Name: indirect fabrication of lattice metals with thin sections using centrifugal casting
Uploaded: 2016-05-14T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting at JoVE.com

Denne studien fikk støtte fra Forskningsrådet Initiation Grant (RIG) av visepresident for forskning og økonomisk utvikling ved University of North Texas (UNT). Forfatterne takker også KCIS Co Ltd for delvis støtte denne studien. Støtten fra PACCAR Technology Institute at UNT for å lykkes i denne publikasjonen er verdsatt.

1. Planlegging av eksperiment <ol><li> Tegn en offer mønster (en oktett truss struktur med en sprue system) ved hjelp av dataassistert konstruksjon (DAK) programvare som vist i figur 1 og lagre CAD-modellen som en STL-fil format. Merk: Offermønsteret er et integrert mønster av oktett fagverkskonstruksjon med et sprue system som skal til slutt smeltet for støping. Fordi offermønster omfatter både oktett truss struktur og sprue system, betyr det ikke akkurat representerer oktett truss selv....

<ol>
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Maters. &amp; Technol. 131 (1), 1-14 (2015).</li><li>Tan, H., Qu, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chap+6:+Impact+of+Cellular+Materials.">Chap 6: Impact of Cellular Materials.</a> Cellular and Porous Materials in Structures and Processes. , (2010).</li><li>Phani, A. S., Woodhouse, J., Fleck, N. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wave+Propagation+in+Two-Dimensional+Periodic+Lattices.">Wave Propagation in Two-Dimensional Periodic Lattices.</a> Acoust. Soc. A. 119 (4), 1995-2005 (2006).</li><li>Kumar, R. S., McDowell, D. 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A. 368, 1999-2032 (2011).</li><li>Murali, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+Selective+Laser+Sintering+of+Iron-Graphite+Powder+Mixture.">Direct Selective Laser Sintering of Iron-Graphite Powder Mixture.</a> Mater. Proc. Technol. 136, 179-185 (2003).</li><li>Lott, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Design+of+an+Optical+System+for+the+In-Situ+Process+Monitoring+of+Selective+Laser+Melting+(SLM).">Design of an Optical System for the In-Situ Process Monitoring of Selective Laser Melting (SLM).</a> Ph. P. 12, 683-690 (2011).</li><li>Song, B., Dong, S., Liu, Q., Liao, H., Coddet, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vacuum+Heat+Treatment+of+Iron+Parts+Produced+by+Selective+Laser+Melting:+Microstructure,+Residual+Stress,+and+Tensile+Behavior.">Vacuum Heat Treatment of Iron Parts Produced by Selective Laser Melting: Microstructure, Residual Stress, and Tensile Behavior.</a> Mater. Design. 54, 727-733 (2014).</li><li>Yadroitsev, I., Smurov, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surface+Morphology+in+Selective+Laser+Melting+of+Metal+Powders.">Surface Morphology in Selective Laser Melting of Metal Powders.</a> Ph. P. 12, 264-270 (2011).</li><li>Antonysamy, A. A., Meyer, J., Prangnell, P. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+Build+Geometry+on+the+&#946;-grain+Structure+and+Texture+in+Additive+Manufacture+of+Ti-6Al-4V+by+Selective+Election+Beam+Melting.">Effect of Build Geometry on the &#946;-grain Structure and Texture in Additive Manufacture of Ti-6Al-4V by Selective Election Beam Melting.</a> J. of Mat. Charact. 84, 153-168 (2013).</li><li>Ladani, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Local+and+Global+Mechanical+Behavior+and+Microstructure+of+Ti6Al4V+Parts+Built+Using+Electron+Beam+Melting+Technology.">Local and Global Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure of Ti6Al4V Parts Built Using Electron Beam Melting Technology.</a> J. of Metalllur. &amp; Mater. Trans. 46, (2015).</li><li>Chiras, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Structural+Performance+of+Near-Optimized+Truss+Core+Panels.">The Structural Performance of Near-Optimized Truss Core Panels.</a> Solids Struct. 39, 4093-4115 (2002).</li><li>Meisel, N. A., Williams, C. B., Druschitz, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lightweight+Metal+Celluar+Structures+via+in+Direct+3D+Printing+and+Casting.">Lightweight Metal Celluar Structures via in Direct 3D Printing and Casting.</a> Proceedings of the 24th Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium. , (2013).</li><li>Mun, J., Ju, J., Yun, B. -. G., Chang, B. -. M., Kim, D. -. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Numerical+Study+of+Molten+Aluminum+for+Investment+Casting+of+3D+Cellular+Metals.">A Numerical Study of Molten Aluminum for Investment Casting of 3D Cellular Metals.</a> Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. , (2013).</li><li>Mun, J., Yun, B. -. G., Ju, J., Chang, B. -. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Indirect+Additive+Manufacturing+Based+Casting+of+a+Periodic+3D+Cellular+Metal+-+Flow+Simulation+of+Molten+Aluminum+Alloy.">Indirect Additive Manufacturing Based Casting of a Periodic 3D Cellular Metal - Flow Simulation of Molten Aluminum Alloy.</a> Manufact. Process. 17, 28-40 (2015).</li><li>Challapalli, A., Ju, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Continuum+Model+for+Effective+Properties+of+Orthotropic+Octet-Truss+Lattice+Materials.">Continuum Model for Effective Properties of Orthotropic Octet-Truss Lattice Materials.</a> Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. , (2014).</li><li>Taylor, H. F., Flemings, M. C., Wulff, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Foundry Engineering. , (1959).</li><li>Mun, J., Ju, J., Thurman, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Indirect+Additive+Manufacturing+Based+Casting+(I+AM+Casting)+of+a+Lattice+Structure.">Indirect Additive Manufacturing Based Casting (I AM Casting) of a Lattice Structure.</a> Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. , (2014).</li><li>Mun, J., Ju, J., Thurman, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Indirect+Additive+Manufacturing+of+a+Copper+Alloy+Cubic+Lattice+Structure.">Indirect Additive Manufacturing of a Copper Alloy Cubic Lattice Structure.</a> Proceedings of the 25th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium. , (2014).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Volume+2+Properties+and+Selection:+Nonferrous+Alloys+and+Pure+Metals.">Volume 2 Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Pure Metals.</a> Metals Handbook Ninth Edition. , (1979).</li><li>Romano, J., Ladani, L., Razmi, J., Sadowski, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temperature+Distribution+and+Melt+Geometry+in+Laser+and+Electron-beam+Melting+Processes+-+A+Comparison+Among+Common+Materials.">Temperature Distribution and Melt Geometry in Laser and Electron-beam Melting Processes - A Comparison Among Common Materials.</a> J. of Additive Manuf. 8, 1-11 (2015).</li></ol>

For konvensjonell metallstøping, er det viktig å holde det smeltede metallets strømnings glatt og strømlinjeformet i &quot;laminær&quot; i formrommet og heller unngå uregelmessig og agitert strømnings generelt observert i 27 turbulent strømning. Følgelig er det viktig for riktig utforming innløpet av sprue systemet forbundet med rotasjonshastigheten av en sentrifugal arm for å opprettholde strømmen av smeltet metall inne i gitteret formhulrommet &quot;laminær&quot;. I...

Cellular metaller er metallene består av et innbyrdes forbundet nettverk av faste stag eller plater og har komplekse mikro-arkitekturer med 1 hulrom. Eksempler inkluderer både i) tilfeldig strukturerte stokastiske skum og ii) periodisk beordret to-dimensjonale (2D) honeycombs og tredimensjonale (3D) gitter truss strukturer. De har fått oppmerksomhet på grunn av deres høye spesifikke stivhet og styrke 1-3 og høy spesifikk elastisitet 4-5, utmerket energiabsorbering for påvirkning lasting 6, akustisk isolasjon 7, mulig utforming av varme dissipaters og varmevekslere 8. Spesielt, periodevis bestilt gitter strukturer har potensial til ingeniør egenskapene overlegne med en evne til å kontrollere interne porøst nettverk geometri. På grunn av deres komplekse indre porøst nettverk geometri, er det vanskelig å fremstille cellulære metaller ved hjelp av den konvensjonelle subtraktive Maskineringg. Som sådan, har forskerne begynt å lete etter alternative metoder for å dikte cellulære metaller: danner gass i flytende metall eller blande metallpulver med blåsemidler ble undersøkt for produksjon av stokastiske metallformer 9. På grunn av mangel på kontroll over celle topologi, er det vanskelig å skreddersy mekaniske egenskaper. Alternativt ble produksjonsmetoder for periodisk bestilt cellulære metaller utforsket: stempling tynne ark av metall i en bølgeform etterfulgt av å bli med dem til å lage periodiske strukturer 10, bonding slisset metallplater 11, ekstrudering 12, veving og enorme metalltråder å dikte tekstiler 13. Selv om disse produksjonsmetodene gir repeterbare mønstre, blir mønstrene fortsatt begrenset i den plane retning. I et forsøk på å generere 3D mønster repetisjon, begynte forskerne å bruke additiv produksjon (AM), for eksempel, Selective Laser Melting (SLM) 14, Electron Beam Melting (EBM) <sup&gt; 15, og Direct-Metal Laser Sintring (DMLS) 16. Til tross for sin evne til å dikte 3D bestilt komplekse gitter geometrier, det finnes fortsatt noen begrensninger: vanskeligheter med å bruke metaller med høy varmeledningsevne og høy optisk reflektivitet 17, høy varmegjenværende stress 18, dårlig overflatefinish med &quot;balling&quot; fenomen under laser eller elektron smelte 19, anisotrope egenskaper 20-21 av deler som følge av en kombinert effekt av den lagdelte produksjon, anisotrop dannelse av korn, pulver størrelse, kraft og skannehastighet av laser eller elektronstråle 15, høyt energiforbruk, etc. Ved å kombinere polymer basert AM med metallstøping kan tilveiebringe en alternativ metode for å fremstille gitter metaller. Man kan kalle dette &quot;indirekte AM&quot;. Indirekte AM kan tilveiebringe en løsning for å overvinne de tekniske problemene med direkte AM av metaller som er nevnt ovenfor. Flere tiltak har vært made å produsere gitter metaller ved hjelp av indirekte AM kombinere 3D printing av polymerer med gravitasjon basert casting 22-25, for eksempel, en investering casting kombinert med smeltet deponering modellering (FDM) for å dikte opp en gitter legering 22-25 eller sand casting kombinert med sand pulver basert AM 23. Alvoret basert casting ser ut til å forbli en teknisk utfordring å overvinne - misrun og porøsitet forårsaket av plutselige størkning av smeltet metall når de møtes nettstrukturer med skarpe hjørner av gitter strukturelle former 25-26. Forholdsvis stort overflateareal på gitterstrukturformer synes også å bidra til brå avkjøling, noe som resulterer i for tidlig størkning 25-26. I denne studien, foreslår en alternativ indirekte AM som kan overvinne den misrun under produksjon av gitter metaller - sentrifugal støping i et formhulrom gitter laget av et 3D trykt gitter offerpolymer mønster. Vi bruker et digitaltLight Processing (DLP) basert 3D-utskrift metode for å bygge et gitter strukturell offer mønster fulgt av sentrifugal støping av Al og Cu legeringer. Formålet med denne studien er å tilveiebringe en detaljert protokoll om fabrikasjon av 3D-gitter metaller med en kompleks form, og en tynn veggtykkelse. Det viktigste bidrag i denne prosessen er å tilveiebringe en mulighet for å utvide utvalget av materialer med lav fremstillingskostnad for fremstilling av gitter metaller.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Motorized centrifugal casting machine</td>
			<td>Rey Motorized Centrifugal Casting Machine, Rey Industries Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Made in U.S.A. by Rey industries, Inc. Dallas, TX 75220</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gypsum powder</td>
			<td>Satin Cast 20, FindingKing Kerr</td>
			<td>7960</td>
			<td>Gypsum powder is used to make the investment mixture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ployjet 3D printer</td>
			<td>Projet HD3500 Plus, 3D Systems</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This polymer based 3D printer to print out sacrificial pattern for casting.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cartridge materials - UV curable and castable acrylic plastic</td>
			<td>VisiJet Procast, 3D Systems</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This is castable material that is going to be burn out before casting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cartridge materials- support material</td>
			<td>VijiJet S300, 3D Systems</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This is support material that is going to be removed before pattern assemble</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ancient Bronze Casting Grain</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>706051</td>
			<td>This true bronze grain contains no zinc. Highly fluid, it melts quickly, casts cleanly and provides a good balance between strength and durability. The warm, deep-bronze color has rich red undertones, and the alloy takes a good patina. 
			Composition is 90% copper with an amount of tin; fits into the CDA#90700 category. This grain is sold in 1-lb. packages.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum Round Wire, 1/8&#34;, 1-Lb. Spool, Dead Soft</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>134700</td>
			<td>Lightweight and strong, aluminum wire is an economical and versatile choice. Not as bright-white as silver, aluminum offers a warmer tone much like that of platinum. Solder ONLY with low-temp solders such as Stay-Brite; suitable for both pulse-arc and laser welding. This quality aluminum wire is packaged on 1-lb. spools.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Computer aided design software (Pro-e)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This software can be replaced with the others such as Auto CAD, Catia, and so on.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ProJet Finisher 1-A</td>
			<td>3D Systems</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This machine is used to melt the support material.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>160 Watt 2.5 Liters Digital Ultrasonic Cleaner with Timer Heater Rings Tools</td>
			<td>Chicago, Electric, Power Tools</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>85 oz. capacity, Five cleaning cycles: 90, 180, 280, 380 and 480 seconds, Clean with or without heat, Easy-to-read LED digital timer, Clear-view window</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fan&#160;</td>
			<td>Honeywell Inc.&#160;</td>
			<td>HT-800</td>
			<td>120V A.C., 60Hz., 0.85A. TP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraffin wax for wax sheet - Modeler&#39;s Pink Wax Sheet, 3&#34; by 6&#34;, 24-Ga.</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>700075</td>
			<td>Sheet wax is flexible and can be cut or formed into any shape. It&#8217;s ideal for designing since you can draw or trace directly onto the sheet; choose green or pink depending on which will best show your designs. High manufacturing standards ensure exceptional consistency and significant price savings. Value is enhanced by larger package quantities at the same price as the smaller packages available elsewhere. Each 8-oz. package contains approximately 30 sheets.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraffin wax for wax stick - Modeler&#39;s Medium Red Sprue Wax, 8-Ga</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>700741</td>
			<td>A pliable, softer sprue wax than the firm blue. Good for forming gates and sprues and burns out cleanly with no residue.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcohol Lamp</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>700008</td>
			<td>Use this lamp to heat wax-working tools or as a flame polisher. The heavy glass reservoir has faceted sides to allow it to be tipped for angling the flame. A screw adjustment for the 7&#34; x 3/16&#34; wick controls the height of the flame. A safety cap snuffs the flame and prevents fuel evaporation. For the best flame, use methyl alcohol fuel. Replacement wicks available. Reservoir holds 5 oz. (150ml) of fuel.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wax carving tool set - Soft Grip Wax Carvers, Set of 10</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>700329</td>
			<td>This boxed set offers the best in cutting and shaping technology. Each of these ten high-quality steel wax-carving tools features a 5/16&#34; PVC covered handle that ensures a sure, comfortable grip through hours of work and all have sharp edges for shaping and fine detailing. Sharpen or custom-shape each tool to fit your needs. These tools provide exceptional tool strength and deliver excellent results. This set comes in a hinged, foam-lined wood box.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rubber Mixing Bowl, 1-1/2 Qt.</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>702131</td>
			<td>This highly-flexible vulcanized rubber bowl is easy to grip, will not be marred by a spatula and cleans with ease.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pyrex Beaker, 1,000ml</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>335040</td>
			<td>Ideal for holding and heating bath plating solutions, this genuine Pyrex glass beaker is sturdy and durable.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rio Premium Stainless Steel Flask, 2-1/2&#34; dia.</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>70201514</td>
			<td>This solid, #304-quality stainless steel flask is corrosion-resistant, durable for a long service life and performs under extreme temperature without distortion.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CAST/T Ceramic Casting Crucible, 450g</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>705047</td>
			<td>Made exclusively for the CAST/T centrifugal casting machine, this crucible is designed with an angled base that slides into the hinged bracket on top of the casting machine. This brings the crucible into perfect alignment with the center of the flask ring to ensure an error-free pour.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MyWeigh iBalance 300 Digital Scale</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>116850</td>
			<td>This scale is used to measure the weight of the sacrificial and sprue system for metal which is going to be used for centrifugal casting.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rubber bottom - CAST/T Flask Ring Base</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>705025</td>
			<td>Specially made for the CAST/T centrifugal casting machine, this rubber base accommodates all Table King flask ring styles, creating a secure, airtight seal throughout the investment process. The center post fits either of the wax disc styles for complete versatility.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scotch&#174; Colored Duct Tape, 1 7/8&#34; x 20 Yd., Blue</td>
			<td>OfficeMax&#160;</td>
			<td>22353766</td>
			<td>This scotch tape is used to make sure that the gypsum-water mixture fully covers the assembled sacrificial pattern inside the flask by allowing for extra material above the flask height</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vacuum casting machine - V.I.C. 12 Tabletop Solid- and Perforated-Flask Casting Machine with The Rio Assistant, 110-Volt</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>70511814</td>
			<td>The V.I.C. 12 casting machine offers all the latest technical innovations for efficient, productive vacuum investing and casting. Designed to meet the demands of medium-sized casting operations, this machine includes a powerful 1/2hp, 5cfm vacuum pump for effective vacuuming and outstanding casting results. The V.I.C. 12 casts small or large flasks. Includes an adapter table that accepts standard solid flasks up to 5&#34; x 7&#34; high and is mounted on rubber feet for stability.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Furnace for burn out sacrificial pattern -Rio Model 1000 Enameling Kiln with Nine Program Controller</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>703121</td>
			<td>The Rio enameling kiln features three pre-set firing temperatures for enamels and six that you can define. Use the exclusive Rio controller to set and maintain firing temperatures. Perfect for all types of enameling, including tall pieces. Includes ample space for firing and an easy-latch door that will not jar your enamels when opening and closing. Also suitable for metal clay, glass and ceramics. Galvanized steel case with high-temperature insulating firebrick keeps them cool. Element protected in recessed groove. Includes user instructions.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Smith Complete Little Torch Acetylene and Oxygen System</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>500030</td>
			<td>Get everything you need to equip your shop for soldering and brazing. Use Little Torch systems for gold 
			or silver soldering, brazing and casting applications. Complete every soldering and melting job with confidence and ease! This system accepts all Little Torch accessory tips for melting, brazing and large soldering jobs and is a staple for every jeweler.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heat-Resistant Safety Apron</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>750160</td>
			<td>The specially designed apron has an 800&#176;F (427&#176;C) temperature resistance. Its reflective finish repels hot metal splashes and helps insulate the wearer from heat.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Radnor Heat-Resistant Gloves</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>350050</td>
			<td>These flexible, heat-resistant gloves are ideal for enameling projects, allowing you to grip even small tongs securely. Blue, shoulder-split leather gloves are made of tough cowhide and lined with cotton and foam, and have reinforced thumb wings.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Platinum Soldering Glasses, #7</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>113914</td>
			<td>Protect yourself and your employees when soldering platinum. Comfortable glasses feature adjustable earpieces and 52mm IR green polycarbonate #7 lenses. The #7 lens is approved by The Platinum Guild.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Economy Light-Duty Flask Tongs</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>704026</td>
			<td>Constructed of bent steel, these tongs are designed to handle flasks 3-1/2&#34; or less in diameter. The small-angle notches grip smaller flask sizes and the larger, rounded contour area securely holds larger flasks.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Separating Screen Bucket</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>201360</td>
			<td>15&#34;-diameter, 11-1/2&#34;-deep</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sand blaster - Econoline - 101701CB-A - Free-Standing Cabinets Workspace Width (Inch): 60 Workspace Depth (Inch): 48</td>
			<td>MSC industrial supply Co.&#160;</td>
			<td>223818</td>
			<td>Ree-Standing Cabinets; Workspace Width (Inch): 60; Workspace Depth (Inch): 48; Workspace Height (Inch): 40; Air Requirement: 12 CFM @ 80 psi; Overall Cabinet Width (Inch): 65; Maximum Cabinet Depth (Inch): 86</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Johnson&#39;s Baby Oil Shea &#38; Cocoa Butter&#160;</td>
			<td>Wal-Mart</td>
			<td>260074132</td>
			<td>This baby&#160; oil is used for removing the residue of the support material for the castable sacrificial pattern using Digital Ultrasonic Cleaner.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>German 4&#34; Saw Frame and Saw Blade Kit</td>
			<td>Rio Grande</td>
			<td>110112</td>
			<td>Quality, German-made frames are our most popular saw frames, and this frame includes a sampler pack of Rio German saw blades! The adjustable saw frame allows you to achieve the blade tension you want. Throat depth is 102mm (4&#34;). Saw blades have rounded backs that make cutting curves and corners easy and are made from hardened, tempered steel.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

indirect fabrication of lattice metals with thin sections using centrifugal casting

En av de typiske metoder for å produsere 3D-gitter metaller er direkte metall additiv produksjon (AM) prosess som Selective Laser Melting (SLM) og Electron Beam Melting (EBM). På tross av sitt potensial prosesseringsevne, har direkte AM metoden flere ulemper som høy pris, dårlig overflatebehandling av ferdige produkter, begrensning i valg av materialer, høy termisk stress, og anisotrope egenskaper av deler. Vi foreslår en kostnadseffektiv metode for å produsere 3D-gitter metaller. Formålet med denne studien er å tilveiebringe en detaljert protokoll om fabrikasjon av 3D-gitter metaller med en kompleks form, og en tynn veggtykkelse, for eksempel, oktett fagverk av Al og Cu-legeringer som har en enhetscellelengde på 5 mm og en celleveggtykkelse på 0,5 mm. En samlet eksperimentelle prosedyren er inndelt i åtte seksjoner: (a) 3D-utskrift av offer mønstre (b) smelte av bærermaterialer (c) fjerning av resten av bærermaterialer (d) mønstre forsamlingeny (e) investeringer (f) utbrenthet av offer mønstre (g) sentrifugal støping (h) etterbehandling for sluttprodukter. Den foreslåtte indirekte AM teknikk gir mulighet til å produsere ultra-lette gitter metaller;. F.eks gitterkonstruksjoner med Al-legeringer. Det ser ut til at prosessparametrene skal være riktig styrt avhengig av materiale og gitter geometri, observerer sluttproduktene med oktett fagverksbjelkeelementene metaller ved den indirekte AM teknikk.

Ved hjelp av den indirekte additivet fremstillings beskrevet i fremgangs avsnitt, ble Al og Cu-legeringer som brukes for fremstilling av oktett truss metaller, som vist i figur 1. Hele støpeprosedyre er oppsummert i figur 2 Fremgangsmåten består av åtte deler:.. (A) offer mønster utskrift (b) smelter ut av støttemateriale (c) fjerning av rester av støttemateriale (d) mønster enheten (e) investeringer (f) utbrenthet av offer mønstre (g) sentrifug...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting at JoVE.com

Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting

En indirekte additiv fremstillingsmetode som kombinerer en 3D-utskrift av polymerer med en sentrifugal-støpe er skissert for produksjon av 3D-oktett fagverksbjelkeelementene metaller (Al og Cu legeringer) som har en enhetscellelengde på 5 mm med en veggtykkelse på 0,5 mm.

Indirekte Fabrikasjon av Gitter Metals med tynne snitt Bruke Sentrifugal Casting

One of the typical methods to manufacture 3D lattice metals is the direct-metal additive manufacturing (AM) process such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) ...

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Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-film Solar cells with Plasmonic-enhanced Light-trapping

Polykrystallinsk silisium Thin-film solceller med plasmonic forbedret lys-fangst

One of major approaches to cheaper solar cells is reducing the amount of semiconductor material used for their fabrication and making cells thinner. To ...

Detection and Recovery of Palladium, Gold and Cobalt Metals from the Urban Mine Using Novel Sensors/Adsorbents Designated with Nanoscale Wagon-wheel-shaped Pores

Påvisning og utvinning av Palladium, Gull og Cobalt Metals fra Urban Mine Bruke Novel Sensorer / adsorbenter Eget med nanoskala Wagon-hjulformede Porer

Developing low-cost, efficient processes for recovering and recycling palladium, gold and cobalt metals from urban mine remains a significant challenge in ...

Speciation and Bioavailability Measurements of Environmental Plutonium Using Diffusion in Thin Films

Artsdannelse og biotilgjengelighet Målinger av Miljø Plutonium Bruke Diffusion i Thin Films

The biological uptake of plutonium (Pu) in aquatic ecosystems is of particular concern since it is an alpha-particle emitter with long half-life which can ...

Fabrication of Low Temperature Carbon Nanotube Vertical Interconnects Compatible with Semiconductor Technology

Fabrikasjon av lav temperatur karbon nanorør Vertikale Interconnects Kompatibel med Semiconductor Technology

We demonstrate a method for the low temperature growth (350 &#176;C) of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT) bundles on electrically conductive ...

A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires

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Stretchable electronics are identified as a key technology for electronic applications in the next generation. One of the challenges in fabrication of ...

Capillary-based Centrifugal Microfluidic Device for Size-controllable Formation of Monodisperse Microdroplets

Kapillær-baserte Sentrifugal mikrofluid Enhet for Size-kontrollerbar Dannelse av monodisperse mikrodråper

Here, we demonstrate a simple method for the rapid production of size-controllable, monodisperse, W/O microdroplets using a capillary-based centrifugal ...

Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes

Fabrikasjon av White Light-Emitting elektrokjemiske celler med Stabil Emission fra Exciplexes

The authors present an approach for fabricating stable white light emission from polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) having an active ...

Fabrication of Periodic Gold Nanocup Arrays Using Colloidal Lithography

Fabrikasjon av periodiske gull Nanocup matriser bruker kolloidalt Litografi

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing ...

Fabrication of Ultra-thin Color Films with Highly Absorbing Media Using Oblique Angle Deposition

Fabrikasjon av ultra tynn farge filmer med svært absorberende Media med skrå vinkel avsetning

Ultra-thin film structures have been studied extensively for use as optical coatings, but performance and fabrication challenges remain.&#160; We present ...