Name: a duplex digital pcr assay for simultaneous quantification of the enterococcus spp. and the human fecal-associated hf183 marker in waters
Uploaded: 2016-03-09T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Duplex Digital PCR Assay for Simultaneous Quantification of the Enterococcus spp. and the Human Fecal-associated HF183 Marker in Waters at JoVE.com

The authors have no acknowledgements.

1.检测混合物准备<ol><li>请为100μmol/ L浓度的股票在分子级的水全部引物和探针在TE pH值为8的缓冲[肠F1A，肠R1，GPL813TQ 12; HF183-1，BthetR1，BthetP1 3]。 注：探头的两个目标是荧光标记用不同的荧光7作为材料/设备清单表示。 </li><li>通过混合计划准备主结构，每反应，12微升数字PCR混合物（2倍的股票，见材料/设备清单）每前进，0.216微升和反向引物，0.06微升每个荧光探针?...

<ol>
	<li>Boehm, A. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Performance+of+forty-one+microbial+source+tracking+methods:+A+twenty-seven+lab+evaluation+study.">Performance of forty-one microbial source tracking methods: A twenty-seven lab evaluation study.</a> Water Res. 47 (18), 6812-6828 (2013).</li><li>Layton, B. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Performance+of+human+fecal+anaerobe-associated+PCR-based+assays+in+a+multi-laboratory+method+evaluation+study.">Performance of human fecal anaerobe-associated PCR-based assays in a multi-laboratory method evaluation study.</a> Water Res. 47 (18), 6897-6908 (2013).</li><li>Cao, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+platform,+reference+material,+and+quantification+model+on+enumeration+of+Enterococcus+by+quantitative+PCR+methods.">Effect of platform, reference material, and quantification model on enumeration of Enterococcus by quantitative PCR methods.</a> Water Res. 47 (1), 233-241 (2013).</li><li>Sivaganesan, M., Siefring, S., Varma, M., Haugland, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MPN+estimation+of+qPCR+target+sequence+recoveries+from+whole+cell+calibrator+samples.">MPN estimation of qPCR target sequence recoveries from whole cell calibrator samples.</a> J. Microbiol. Methods. 87 (3), 343-349 (2011).</li><li>Huggett, J. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Digital+MIQE+Guidelines:+Minimum+Information+for+Publication+of+Quantitative+Digital+PCR+Experiments.">The Digital MIQE Guidelines: Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Digital PCR Experiments.</a> Clin. Chem. 59 (6), 892-902 (2013).</li><li>Cao, Y., Raith, M. R., Griffith, J. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Droplet+digital+PCR+for+simultaneous+quantification+of+general+and+human-associated+fecal+indicators+for+water+quality+assessment.">Droplet digital PCR for simultaneous quantification of general and human-associated fecal indicators for water quality assessment.</a> Water Res. 70, 337-349 (2015).</li><li>Sanders, R., Huggett, J. F., Bushell, C. A., Cowen, S., Scott, D. J., Foy, C. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+Digital+PCR+for+Absolute+DNA+Quantification.">Evaluation of Digital PCR for Absolute DNA Quantification.</a> Anal. Chem. 83 (17), 6474-6484 (2011).</li><li>Whale, A. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+microfluidic+digital+PCR+and+conventional+quantitative+PCR+for+measuring+copy+number+variation.">Comparison of microfluidic digital PCR and conventional quantitative PCR for measuring copy number variation.</a> Nucleic Acid Res. 40 (11), 82-89 (2012).</li><li>Hindson, C. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Absolute+quantification+by+droplet+digital+PCR+versus+analog+real-time+PCR.">Absolute quantification by droplet digital PCR versus analog real-time PCR.</a> Nature Methods. 10 (10), 1003-1005 (2013).</li><li>Morisset, D., &#352;tebih, D., Milavec, M., Gruden, K., &#381;el, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+analysis+of+food+and+feed+aamples+with+droplet+digital+PCR.">Quantitative analysis of food and feed aamples with droplet digital PCR.</a> PLoS One. 8 (5), e62583 (2013).</li><li>Cao, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+molecular+community+analysis+methods+for+discerning+fecal+sources+and+human+waste.">Evaluation of molecular community analysis methods for discerning fecal sources and human waste.</a> Water Res. 47 (18), 6862-6872 (2013).</li></ol>

有在协议中的几个关键步骤。首先，由于主结构比传统的qPCR预混液较粘稠的分​​析混合物混合是很困难的。简单涡旋可能导致混合不充分，从而导致对模板DNA的非均匀分布在测定混合物和随后的液滴。在协议中所描述的混合逐移液技术必须遵循以确保准确的DPCR定量。其次，重要的是要确保液滴在一个均匀的形状和大小产生。谨记场合时的液滴发生器花费来完成液滴上产生一个墨盒是比通常短?...

定量PCR（qPCR的）的方法已被广泛地用于娱乐水质监测和微生物源跟踪应用，因为它们是更快速，更灵活，相对于传统的基于培养的方法的具体。因此，定量PCR被推荐用于实现一般粪便指标如肠球菌快速水质监测结果。在修订后的USEPA娱乐用水质量标准1。许多qPCR实验也已开发并验证用于识别环境水2粪便污染的来源。这其中，HF183标记测定法是最常用的用于识别人的相关粪便污染3。 然而，定量PCR的结果常常可以因为它们依赖于用于定量的标准曲线偏置。通过定量PCR从斯坦的插补周期量化（CQ）量化样品中未知浓度的目标描述Cq的和一组系列稀释的标准的数量之间的线性关系准曲线。因此缺乏可靠和一致的标准参考材料可以大大地偏置的qPCR结果。研究表明的qPCR结果由来自不同供应商4大约一半日志使用标准不同，并通过使用标准的不同批次来自相同卖方5 2倍。 数字PCR（DPCR）技术，通过量化大量微型PCR的由分割批量定量PCR成均匀的纳升或皮升的反应6十万或上百万计数产生积极的频率未知样品。如果分区是水包油滴（ 即 ，本文），或在一个芯片上的小室被称作液滴数字PCR（ 即 ，这种物品）或室数字PCR，分别。较高的样品浓度将导致靶DNA存在（因此阳性PCR）分区中的比例较高，通过泊松分布近似的关系。因此，二进制的结果（阳性或阴性的PCR）被记录并且正面的液滴的频率用于通过泊松近似值直接计算未知样品浓度，从而消除了如在定量PCR的标准曲线的需要。 这个二进制数字PCR定量性质的qPCR超过7提供了更多的优势。因为延迟放大仍然可以产生阳性PCR，定量DPCR反对抑制降低扩增效率更加强劲。同样，DPCR量化不Cq的值是定量PCR，导致DPCR的更高的精度相比的qPCR 8-10受变性。 此外，该分割过程确保靶DNA存在的极少量在每个液滴，有效地减少基板竞争（amplificatio期间不同的DNA靶）是在定量PCR实现双面打印（ 即化验同时测量两个DNA目标）常见的障碍ñ。正因为如此，无论是在双工或单工运行（ 即一个目标是在一个单一的测定法测量）DPCR产生两种靶7,11近区分定量。 本文中所描述的数字PCR测定（EntHF183 DPCR）的目标是获得一般粪便指示器肠球菌的同时直接定量。和具有改善的精度，重现性和对抑制鲁棒性人类粪便相关HF183标记相比，其定量PCR同行。该测定中已被成功地用于在环境淡水，海水，以及各种排泄物7定量粪便污染，但也可以应用于任何其它类型的水和废水。此法适用于分析沉积物或土壤中，由于它巨大潜力秒超耐受性抑制，但进一步的测试，因为复杂性所需抑制剂在这些类型的样品混合。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1361">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">Low Bind Microtubes</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">Costar</td>
			<td style="width:439px;">3207</td>
			<td style="width:575px;">For storage of reagents, samples/production of master mixes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">Nuclease Free Water</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">FisherSci</td>
			<td style="width:439px;">BP2484-50</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">TE pH 8 buffer</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">FisherSci</td>
			<td style="width:439px;">BP2473-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">Hardshell 96 Well Plate</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">BioRad</td>
			<td>HSP-9601</td>
			<td>For initial master mix and sample inoculation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">Aluminum Sealing Film</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">BioRad</td>
			<td>359-0133</td>
			<td>To seal sample plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">Droplet Generator</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">BioRad</td>
			<td style="width:439px;">186-3002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">Droplet Generation Oil</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">BioRad</td>
			<td>186-3005</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">Cartridge</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">BioRad</td>
			<td>186-4008</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">DG8 Cartridge Holder</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">BioRad</td>
			<td>186-3051</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">Gasket</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">BioRad</td>
			<td>186-3009</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">20uL pipet tips</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">Rainin</td>
			<td style="width:439px;">GP-L10F</td>
			<td>For tansferring sample/master mix to cartidge</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">200uL pipet tips</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">Rainin</td>
			<td style="width:439px;">GP-L200F</td>
			<td>For transferring droplets to final Twin.Tec Plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">Twin.Tec 96 Well Plate</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:439px;">951020320</td>
			<td>For final droplets thermal cycling and reading</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">Pierceable Heat Seal Foil</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">BioRad</td>
			<td>181-4040</td>
			<td>To seal Twin.Tec plate before thermalcycling</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">PX1 PCR Plate Sealer</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">BioRad</td>
			<td style="width:439px;">181-4000</td>
			<td>Only the thermal cycler is needed, no optics</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">CFX96 Thermalcycler</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">BioRad</td>
			<td style="width:439px;">CFX96 and C1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">QX100 Droplet Reader</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">BioRad</td>
			<td style="width:439px;">186-3001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">Droplet Reader Oil</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">BioRad</td>
			<td>186-3004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Droplet PCR Supermix&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">BioRad</td>
			<td style="width:439px;">186-3024</td>
			<td>i.e. the digital PCR mix in manuscript</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">QuantaSoft software (v1.3.2)</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">Quantasoft&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:439px;">QX100&#160;</td>
			<td>For viewing, analyzing, and exporting ddPCR data</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">Entero Forward Primer (Ent F1A)</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">Operon</td>
			<td>GAGAAATTCCAAACGAACTTG</td>
			<td>Alternative vendor can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">Entero Reverse Primer (Ent R1)</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">Operon</td>
			<td>CAGTGCTCTACCTCCATCATT</td>
			<td>Alternative vendor can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">Entero Probe (GPL813TQ)</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">Operon</td>
			<td>[6-FAM]-TGG TTC TCT CCG AAA TAG CTT TAG GGC TA-[BHQ1]</td>
			<td>Alternative vendor can be used, but the florophore has to be FAM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">HF183 Forward Primer (HF183-1)</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">Operon</td>
			<td>ATCATGAGTTCACATGTCCG</td>
			<td>Alternative vendor can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">HF183 Reverse Primer (BthetR1)</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">Operon</td>
			<td>CGTAGGAGTTTGGACCGTGT</td>
			<td>Alternative vendor can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:265px;">HF183 Probe (BthetP1)</td>
			<td style="width:84px;">Operon</td>
			<td>[6-HEX]-CTGAGAGGAAGGTCCCCC 
			ACATTGGA-[BHQ1]</td>
			<td style="width:575px;">Alternative vendor can be used, but the florophore has to be HEX (if using VIC, then the appropriate matric compensation must be chosen.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="105">
			<td height="105" style="height:105px;width:265px;">Positive control</td>
			<td style="width:84px;"></td>
			<td style="width:439px;"></td>
			<td style="width:575px;">Mixture of E.faecalius genomic DNA and HF183 standard plasmid (ordered from IDT). For detailed methods in culturing E. faecalius and sequences of the ordered HF183 plasmid, please see Cao et al 2015 (doi:10.1016/j.watres.2014.12.008). Commercilaly available Enterococcus DNA standards (ATCC 29212Q-FZ) can also be used in the positive control in place of lab-prepared E. faecalis genomic DNA.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a duplex digital pcr assay for simultaneous quantification of the enterococcus spp. and the human fecal-associated hf183 marker in waters

这份手稿描述了肠球菌的同时定量，和人类粪便相关HF183标记的全双工数字PCR检测（EntHF183 DPCR）。该EntHF183复式DPCR（简称EntHF183 DPCR批文）检测使用相同的引物和探针序列作为其公布的个别定量PCR（定量PCR）同行。同样，如之前的qPCR进行同样的水过滤和DNA提取过程之前运行DPCR遵循。然而，双工DPCR法拥有的qPCR实验几个优点。最重要的是，DPCR测定省去了运行的标准曲线，因此，相关的偏差和变异性，由它的目标直接定量。此外，虽然双工中的qPCR（ 即同时定量） 肠球菌和HF183往往导致的样品中的低丰度目标的严重低估，DPCR同时提供目标的一致定量，磨她在同一反应单独或同时定量。该DPCR测定也能容忍的PCR抑制剂浓度是幅度比那些通过qPCR耐受更高的一到两个数量级。这些优势使得EntHF183 DPCR测定特别有吸引力的，因为它同时提供了在环境水一般和人力相关粪便污染准确和可重复的信息，而不需要运行两个独立的qPCR测定。尽管它的优点在定量PCR中，DPCR测定与现有仪器的上定量限是约幅度比可实现的通过qPCR下部的四个数量。因此，需要一种用于高浓度的靶标生物体，如那些以下污水外溢通常观察到的测量稀释。

一个好的EntHF183双工DPCR运行应导致相对高一些接受滴（ 约 10,000-17,000）和荧光值相差比较大（ 约 5000）的消极和积极的液滴7。液滴的不寻常的低数目可能表示在上述液滴生成过程中的问题，和10,000液滴的截止是基于本文中所使用的液滴DPCR系统的经验数据表明。正面和负面的液滴之间疲软的分离（ 即小荧光差异）可能表明抑制或降低探头7?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Duplex Digital PCR Assay for Simultaneous Quantification of the Enterococcus spp. and the Human Fecal-associated HF183 Marker in Waters at JoVE.com

A Duplex Digital PCR Assay for Simultaneous Quantification of the Enterococcus spp. and the Human Fecal-associated HF183 Marker in Waters

该原稿描述了一种双工数字PCR分析可以用于同时定量肠球菌和HF183遗传标记在娱乐用水一般与人类相关的粪便污染的指标。

双工数字PCR方法的同时定量<em&gt;肠球菌。</em&gt;和人的粪便相关HF183标记的水域

This manuscript describes a duplex digital PCR assay (EntHF183 dPCR) for simultaneous quantification of Enterococcus spp. and the human fecal-associated ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Environment

A Duplex Digital PCR Assay for Simultaneous Quantification of the Enterococcus spp. and the Human Fecal-associated HF183 Marker in Waters

Determination of Microbial Extracellular Enzyme Activity in Waters, Soils, and Sediments using High Throughput Microplate Assays

在使用高通量微孔板测定水，土壤，沉积物和微生物测定胞外酶活性的

Much of the nutrient cycling and carbon  processing in natural environments occurs through the activity of extracellular  enzymes released by ...

科研

环境科学

Colorimetric Paper-based Detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes from Large Volumes of Agricultural Water

Colorimetric Paper-based Detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes from Large Volumes of Agricultural Water

比色纸为基础的检测<em&gt;大肠杆菌</em&gt;<em&gt;沙门氏菌</em&gt;属，和<em&gt;单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌</em&gt;从农业用水大容量

This protocol describes rapid colorimetric detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes from large volumes (10 L) of ...

Simultaneous DNA-RNA Extraction from Coastal Sediments and Quantification of 16S rRNA Genes and Transcripts by Real-time PCR

从海岸沉积物和16S量化的rRNA基因和转录同时DNA-RNA提取采用Real-time PCR检测

Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction also known as quantitative PCR (q-PCR) is a widely used tool in microbial ecology to quantify gene abundances of ...

Clean Sampling and Analysis of River and Estuarine Waters for Trace Metal Studies

清洁取样和痕量金属研究河和河口水域分析

Most of the trace metal concentrations in ambient waters obtained a few decades ago have been considered unreliable owing to the lack of contamination ...

Protocol for Microplastics Sampling on the Sea Surface and Sample Analysis

协议塑料微粒采样的海面和样品分析

Microplastic pollution in the marine environment is a scientific topic that has received increasing attention over the last decade. The majority of ...

Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Plastic Pellets and Plastic Type Analysis

从塑料颗粒中提取有机氯农药和塑料类型分析

Plastic resin pellets, categorized as microplastics (&#8804;5 mm in diameter), are small granules that can be unintentionally released to the environment ...

The Hawaii Protocol for Scientific Monitoring of Coffee Berry Borer: a Model for Coffee Agroecosystems Worldwide

夏威夷咖啡莓科学监测协议: 全球咖啡农田模型

Coffee berry borer (CBB) is the most devastating insect pest for coffee crops worldwide. We developed a scientific monitoring protocol that is aimed at ...

Specific and Accurate Detection of the Citrus Greening Pathogen Candidatus liberibacter spp. Using Conventional PCR on Citrus Leaf Tissue Samples

Specific and Accurate Detection of the Citrus Greening Pathogen Candidatus liberibacter  spp. Using Conventional PCR on Citrus Leaf Tissue Samples

利用常规 PCR 技术对柑桔叶片组织样品Candidatus liberibacter的特异和准确检测

Citrus greening, also known as huanglongbing, is a destructive citrus disease ravaging citrus farms globally. This disease causes asymmetrical yellow leaf ...

Measuring the Flight Ability of the Ambrosia Beetle, Platypus Quercivorus (Murayama), Using a Low-Cost, Small, and Easily Constructed Flight Mill

Measuring the Flight Ability of the Ambrosia Beetle, Platypus Quercivorus Murayama, Using a Low-Cost, Small, and Easily Constructed Flight Mill

利用低成本、小型、易于建造的Quercivorus测量豚草甲虫、鸭嘴兽的飞行能力 (村山富市)

The ambrosia beetle, Platypus quercivorus (Murayama), is the vector of a fungal pathogen that causes mass mortality of Fagaceae trees (Japanese oak wilt). ...

Harvesting Venom Toxins from Assassin Bugs and Other Heteropteran Insects

从刺客臭虫和其他 Heteropteran 昆虫身上采集毒液毒素

Heteropteran insects such as assassin bugs (Reduviidae) and giant water bugs (Belostomatidae) descended from a common predaceous and venomous ancestor, ...