Name: synthesis of gold nanoparticle integrated photo-responsive liposomes and measurement of their microbubble cavitation upon pulse laser excitation
Uploaded: 2016-02-24T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticle Integrated Photo-responsive Liposomes and Measurement of Their Microbubble Cavitation upon Pulse Laser Excitation at JoVE.com

Questo lavoro è stato parzialmente supportato dagli accademici fondi Tier-1 ricerca per Singapore Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione (RG 64/12 di CX) e NTU-Northwestern Istituto di nanomedicina.

1. Preparazione <ol><li> Clean 100 ml rotonde palloni a fondo con acqua regia (1 parte di acido nitrico concentrato (HNO 3) e 3 parti di acido cloridrico concentrato (HCl)) e lavare i flaconi con acqua deionizzata. Autoclavare beute e asciugare in un forno ad aria calda a 100 ° C per 15 min. Avvolgere e conservare i flaconi sterili fino al momento dell&#39;uso. </li><li> Sterilizzare il set di mini-estrusore portatile utilizzando il 70% di etanolo. </li><li> Accendere l&#39;evaporatore rotante e impostare ...

<ol>
	<li>McCoy, C. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Triggered+drug+delivery+from+biomaterials.">Triggered drug delivery from biomaterials.</a> Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 7 (5), 605-616 (2010).</li><li>Yavuz, M. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gold+nanocages+covered+by+smart+polymers+for+controlled+release+with+near-infrared+light.">Gold nanocages covered by smart polymers for controlled release with near-infrared light.</a> Nat. Mater. 8 (12), 935-939 (2009).</li><li>Gohy, J. F., Zhao, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photo-responsive+block+copolymer+micelles:+design+and+behavior.">Photo-responsive block copolymer micelles: design and behavior.</a> Chem. Soc. Rev. 42 (17), 7117-7129 (2013).</li><li>Lovell, J. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Porphysome+nanovesicles+generated+by+porphyrin+bilayers+for+use+as+multimodal+biophotonic+contrast+agents.">Porphysome nanovesicles generated by porphyrin bilayers for use as multimodal biophotonic contrast agents.</a> Nat. Mater. 10 (4), 324-332 (2011).</li><li>Needham, D., Dewhirst, M. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+development+and+testing+of+a+new+temperature-sensitive+drug+delivery+system+for+the+treatment+of+solid+tumors.">The development and testing of a new temperature-sensitive drug delivery system for the treatment of solid tumors.</a> Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 53 (3), 285-305 (2001).</li><li>Landon, C. D., Park, J. Y., Needham, D., Dewhirst, M. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanoscale+drug+delivery+and+hyperthermia:+the+materials+design+and+preclinical+and+clinical+testing+of+low+temperature-sensitive+liposomes+used+in+combination+with+mild+hyperthermia+in+the+treatment+of+local+cancer.">Nanoscale drug delivery and hyperthermia: the materials design and preclinical and clinical testing of low temperature-sensitive liposomes used in combination with mild hyperthermia in the treatment of local cancer.</a> Open Nanomed. J. 3, 38-64 (2011).</li><li>Sykes, E. A., Dai, Q., Tsoi, K. M., Hwang, D. M., Chan, W. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanoparticle+exposure+in+animals+can+be+visualized+in+the+skin+and+analysed+via+skin+biopsy.">Nanoparticle exposure in animals can be visualized in the skin and analysed via skin biopsy.</a> Nat. Commun. 5, 3796 (2014).</li><li>Paasonen, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gold+nanoparticles+enable+selective+light-induced+contents+release+from+liposomes.">Gold nanoparticles enable selective light-induced contents release from liposomes.</a> J. Control. Release. 122 (1), 86-93 (2007).</li><li>Wu, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Remotely+Triggered+Liposome+Release+by+Near-Infrared+Light+Absorption+via+Hollow+Gold+Nanoshells.">Remotely Triggered Liposome Release by Near-Infrared Light Absorption via Hollow Gold Nanoshells.</a> J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 (26), 8175-8177 (2008).</li><li>Leung, S. J., Kachur, X. M., Bobnick, M. C., Romanowski, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wavelength-Selective+Light-Induced+Release+from+Plasmon+Resonant+Liposomes.">Wavelength-Selective Light-Induced Release from Plasmon Resonant Liposomes.</a> Adv. Funct. Mater. 21 (6), 1113-1121 (2011).</li><li>Volodkin, D. V., Skirtach, A. G., M&#246;hwald, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Near-IR+Remote+Release+from+Assemblies+of+Liposomes+and+Nanoparticles.">Near-IR Remote Release from Assemblies of Liposomes and Nanoparticles.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48 (10), 1807-1809 (2009).</li><li>Mills, J. K., Needham, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lysolipid+incorporation+in+dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine+bilayer+membranes+enhances+the+ion+permeability+and+drug+release+rates+at+the+membrane+phase+transition.">Lysolipid incorporation in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes enhances the ion permeability and drug release rates at the membrane phase transition.</a> Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1716 (2), 77-96 (2005).</li><li>Jiang, K., Smith, D. A., Pinchuk, A. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Size-dependent+Photothermal+Conversion+Efficiencies+of+Plasmonically+Heated+Gold+Nanoparticles.">Size-dependent Photothermal Conversion Efficiencies of Plasmonically Heated Gold Nanoparticles.</a> J. Phys. Chem. C. 117 (51), 27073-27080 (2013).</li><li>Chongsiriwatana, N., Barron, A., Giuliani, A., Rinaldi, A. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparing+bacterial+membrane+interaction+of+antimicrobial+peptides+and+their+mimics.">Comparing bacterial membrane interaction of antimicrobial peptides and their mimics.</a> Antimicrobial Peptides. 618, 171-182 (2010).</li><li>Egerev, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acoustic+signals+generated+by+laser-irradiated+metal+nanoparticles.">Acoustic signals generated by laser-irradiated metal nanoparticles.</a> Appl. Opt. 48 (7), C38-C45 (2009).</li><li>Gonz&#225;lez, M. G., Liu, X., Niessner, R., Haisch, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Strong+size-dependent+photoacoustic+effect+on+gold+nanoparticles+by+laser-induced+nanobubbles.">Strong size-dependent photoacoustic effect on gold nanoparticles by laser-induced nanobubbles.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 174104 (2010).</li></ol>

idratazione film sottile è il metodo convenzionale per la preparazione di liposomi. Solventi organici (cloroformio in questo caso) sono stati usati per primo dissolvere i lipidi e poi rimosso in un evaporatore rotante a 37 ° C per generare un sottile film lipidico sul pallone. Questo film lipidico venne idratato con la soluzione acquosa contenente 60 mM calceina e 5 nm Au NP. Durante il processo di idratazione, la temperatura è stata mantenuta a circa 50 ° C e il pallone viene agitato costantemente ruotando il pallo...

La possibilità di innescare il rilascio del farmaco utilizzando stimoli esterni è un modo interessante per consegnare la droga a mode spazio-, temporo e dosaggio controllato con specificità massimizzata e minimi effetti avversi. Tra una vasta gamma di sistemi esogeni stimoli-reattiva (luce, campo magnetico, ultrasuoni, radiazioni a microonde), piattaforme di luce-triggered sono attraenti, a causa della loro non invasività, semplicità e adattabilità negli ambulatori. 1 Ricerche approfondite negli ultimi dieci anni ha fornito una varietà di tecnologie di piattaforma, come l&#39;oro responsabile nel vicino infrarosso-luce (Au) nanocages rivestiti con polimeri intelligenti, 2 foto-labile, nanoparticelle polimeriche (NP) coniugati con farmaci, 3 e nanovesicles porphysome auto-assemblati. 4 Tuttavia , queste tecnologie sono ancora in fase di sviluppo preclinico, e richiedono una comprensione chiara e ottimizzazione dei parametri legati al processo di avvio e controtolare il rilascio del farmaco. Uno dei metodi più semplici e facilmente accessibili per la preparazione di un tale sistema è quello di integrare le Au NP con liposomi termicamente sensibili 5,6, entrambi i quali sono ampiamente disponibili sul mercato e sono stati ampiamente studiati in studi preclinici e clinici, anche. Nonostante la limitazione dell&#39;attivazione del tessuto profondo di Au NP alla loro lunghezza d&#39;onda plasmonica, se confrontato con nanostrutture vicino infrarosso attivato Au (ad esempio, nanocages), questo sistema mantiene ancora una grande promessa se ​​usato nei piccoli animali o per la consegna di attualità negli esseri umani. 7 ci sono alcuni primi sforzi in combinando Au NP con liposomi per il rilascio di luce-attivato. 8-11 Mentre la maggior parte di essi riguardano sulla novità dei materiali, problemi di accessibilità e scalabilità devono essere affrontati. Inoltre, i rapporti sui meccanismi di rilascio che utilizzano questi nanovettori sono ancora limitate. Qui, la fabbricazione di foto-sensibileliposomi, allo stesso tempo carichi di farmaci e idrofili Au NP è stata descritta. Calceina viene utilizzato come composto modello per valutare l&#39;efficienza di incapsulamento e il profilo di rilascio del sistema. Inoltre, in questo sistema, luce assorbita da Au NP dissipa il microambiente circostante sotto forma di calore, con conseguente aumento della temperatura locale. Microbolle d&#39;aria vengono generati durante il riscaldamento laser e causano distruzione meccanica dei liposomi (Figura 1). Il meccanismo della cavitazione microbolle è confermato da misurazioni idrofoni.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="943">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td dir="LTR" height="42" style="height:42px;width:471px;">1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC)</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabama, US)</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">850355P</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">Powder, Store at -20 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td dir="LTR" height="42" style="height:42px;width:471px;">1-palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (MPPC)</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabama, US)</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">855675P</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">Powder, Store at -20 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td dir="LTR" height="42" style="height:42px;width:471px;">1, 2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanol-amine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (ammonium salt) (DSPE-PEG2000)&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabama, US)</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">880120P</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">Powder, Store at -20 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td dir="LTR" height="42" style="height:42px;width:471px;">Gold Nanoparticles</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">752568-100mL</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">5nm particles, stabilized at 0.1mM PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td dir="LTR" height="42" style="height:42px;width:471px;">Calcein</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">C0875-10g</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">60mM, pH 7.4 - adjusted using NaOH</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:471px;">phosphate buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">P5493</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">0.1 mM, pH 7.4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td dir="LTR" height="63" style="height:63px;width:471px;">Double distilled water</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">Millipore Milli-DI water purification system</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td dir="LTR" height="42" style="height:42px;width:471px;">Triton X100&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">Sigma, Life Sciences</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">X-100</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">To disrupt the liposomes to calculate total encapsulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td dir="LTR" height="42" style="height:42px;width:471px;">Rotavapor&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">Buchi (Switzerland)</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">R 210</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">Used for Lipososme preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td dir="LTR" height="42" style="height:42px;width:471px;">Heating bath</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">Buchi (Switzerland)</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">B 491</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">Used for Lipososme preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td dir="LTR" height="42" style="height:42px;width:471px;">Vacuum Controller&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">Buchi (Switzerland)</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">V-850</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">Used for Lipososme preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td dir="LTR" height="42" style="height:42px;width:471px;">Vacuum Pump</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">Buchi (Switzerland)</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">V-700</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">Used for Lipososme preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td dir="LTR" height="42" style="height:42px;width:471px;">Recirculation bath with temperature controller</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">Polyscience</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">Used for Lipososme preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td dir="LTR" height="42" style="height:42px;width:471px;">&#160;Mini-extruder assembly with heating block&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabama, US)</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">610000</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">Used for extrusion of liposomes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td dir="LTR" height="42" style="height:42px;width:471px;">Syringes, 1000 uL</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabama, US)</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">610017</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">Used for extrusion of liposomes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td dir="LTR" height="42" style="height:42px;width:471px;">Polycarbonate filter membrane, 200nm&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">Whatmann</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">800281</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">Used for extrusion of liposomes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td dir="LTR" height="42" style="height:42px;width:471px;">Filter Support</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabama, US)</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">610014</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">Used for extrusion of liposomes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td dir="LTR" height="42" style="height:42px;width:471px;">PD 10 Desalting coulumns, Sephadex G-25 medium</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">GE Healthcare, Life sciences</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">17-0851-01</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">Used to purify the liposomes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td dir="LTR" height="42" style="height:42px;width:471px;">Centrifuge&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">Sigma Laboratory Centrifuges</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">3K30</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">Used to concentrate the liposomal solution&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td dir="LTR" height="40" style="height:40px;width:471px;">Rotor</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">19777-H</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">Used to concentrate the liposomal solution&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td dir="LTR" height="63" style="height:63px;width:471px;">Zetasizer&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">Nano ZS Malvern</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">Used for the determination of liposome size and zetapotential</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td dir="LTR" height="42" style="height:42px;width:471px;">UV- Visible Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">Shimadzu</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">UV-2450</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">Used to measure the absorbance of the samples</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td dir="LTR" height="63" style="height:63px;width:471px;">Fluorescent Spectrofluorometer&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">Molecular Devices</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">SpectraMax M5</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">Used to measure the fluorescence emission of the samples</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td dir="LTR" height="63" style="height:63px;width:471px;">Nd:YAG Laser</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">NewWave Research</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">532 nm; Maximum power: 17mJ; Width: 406 ns; Used for sample irradiation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="126">
			<td dir="LTR" height="126" style="height:126px;width:471px;">HNR Hydrophone</td>
			<td>ONDA</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">HNR-1000</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">1000 mm diameter and 450 nV/Pa sensitivity, Proper working frequency range: 0.25-10 MHz; Calibration: 50 mV/Bar; Used to measure the acoustic signals</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="84">
			<td dir="LTR" height="84" style="height:84px;width:471px;">Digital Osciloscope</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:140px;">LECORY - Wave Runner 64Xi-A</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:213px;">Frequency: 600 MHz; Max sample rate : 10 Gs/s (at two channel); Used to record the measured acoustic signals</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

synthesis of gold nanoparticle integrated photo-responsive liposomes and measurement of their microbubble cavitation upon pulse laser excitation

Photo-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) have received considerable attention because of their potential in providing spatial, temporal, and dosage control over the drug release. However, most of the relevant technologies are still in the development process and are unprocurable by clinics. Here, we describe a facile fabrication of these photo-responsive NPs with commercially available gold NPs and thermo-responsive liposomes. Calcein is used as a model drug to evaluate the encapsulation efficiency and the release kinetic profile upon heat/light stimulation. Finally, we show that this photo-triggered release is due to the membrane disruption caused by microbubble cavitation, which can be measured with hydrophone.

I liposomi sono stati preparati utilizzando una tecnica film sottile idratazione convenzionale con DPPC, MPPC e DSPE-PEG2000 in un rapporto molare di 86: 10: 4 o 7,95: 0,65:. 1,39 mg / ml 12 Le dimensioni Au NP è critica per determinare la luce per riscaldare l&#39;efficienza di conversione durante il seguente esperimento eccitazione laser. Minore è la dimensione di Au NP, maggiore è l&#39;efficienza di trasduzione. 13 Così 5 nm Au NP, i più piccoli campioni da...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticle Integrated Photo-responsive Liposomes and Measurement of Their Microbubble Cavitation upon Pulse Laser Excitation at JoVE.com

Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticle Integrated Photo-responsive Liposomes and Measurement of Their Microbubble Cavitation upon Pulse Laser Excitation

Questo protocollo descrive un metodo di preparazione semplice per nanoparticelle di oro integrato liposomi foto-reattivo con i materiali disponibili commercialmente. Viene inoltre illustrato come misurare il processo di cavitazione di microbolle dei liposomi sintetizzati sul trattamento di laser pulsato.

Sintesi di nanoparticelle d&#39;oro liposomi Integrated Photo-reattiva e la misurazione del loro microbolle cavitazione su impulso laser di eccitazione

Photo-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) have received considerable attention because of their potential in providing spatial, temporal, and dosage control ...

Research

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Bioengineering

Solid-phase Submonomer Synthesis of Peptoid Polymers and their Self-Assembly into Highly-Ordered Nanosheets

Sintesi in fase solida Submonomer dei Polimeri Peptoid e il loro self-assembly in altamente ordinato nanosheets

Peptoids are a novel class of biomimetic, non-natural, sequence-specific heteropolymers that resist proteolysis, exhibit potent biological activity, and ...

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Synthesis, Assembly, and Characterization of Monolayer Protected Gold Nanoparticle Films for Protein Monolayer Electrochemistry

Sintesi, assemblaggio e caratterizzazione di film monostrato Protetta delle nanoparticelle d&#39;oro per Elettrochimica proteine ​​monostrato

Colloidal gold nanoparticles protected with alkanethiolate ligands called monolayer protected gold clusters (MPCs) are synthesized and subsequently ...

Gold Nanostar Synthesis with a Silver Seed Mediated Growth Method

Sintesi Nanostar oro con un metodo d&#39;argento crescita Seed Mediated

The physical, chemical and optical properties of nano-scale colloids depend on their material composition, size and shape 1-5. There is a great interest ...

Combinatorial Synthesis of and High-throughput Protein Release from Polymer Film and Nanoparticle Libraries

Sintesi combinatoria di e High-throughput di rilascio di proteine ​​da film polimerico e Biblioteche nanoparticelle

Polyanhydrides are a class of biomaterials with excellent biocompatibility and drug delivery capabilities. While they have been studied extensively with ...

Custom-designed Laser-based Heating Apparatus for Triggered Release of Cisplatin from Thermosensitive Liposomes with Magnetic Resonance Image Guidance

Appositamente studiata apparecchi di riscaldamento a base laser per la Release Innescata di Cisplatino da termosensibile liposomi con Risonanza Magnetica Guidance Immagine

Liposomes have been employed as drug delivery systems to target solid tumors through exploitation of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect ...

An Integrated System to Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction by Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediated Kinase Photoactivation

Un sistema integrato di attivare remotamente la trasduzione del segnale intracellulare di fotoattivazione Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediata della chinasi

Upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-mediated photoactivation is a new approach to remotely control bioeffectors with much less phototoxicity and with deeper ...

Predicting Gene Silencing Through the Spatiotemporal Control of siRNA Release from Photo-responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers

Predizione del silenziamento del gene attraverso il controllo spatiotemporale della siRNA rilasciata da nanocarrier polimerici sensibili alla foto

New materials and methods are needed to better control the binding vs. release of nucleic acids for a wide range of applications that require the precise ...

Synthesis of Functionalized 10-nm Polymer-coated Gold Particles for Endothelium Targeting and Drug Delivery

Sintesi di particelle d'oro rivestite di polimeri 10-nm funzionalizzate per il Targeting di endotelio e Drug Delivery

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used extensively in medical research due to their size, biocompatibility, and modifiable surface. Specific targeting ...

Synthesis of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified with Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activities and Cytotoxic Properties

Sintesi di nanotubi di carbonio Multi-parete modificati con nanoparticelle di argento e valutazione dell'attività antibatterica e proprietà citotossiche

In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were treated with an aqueous sulfuric acid solution to form an oxygen-based functional group. Silver ...

In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursors for Autonomous Vesicle Growth

In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursori per la crescita autonoma della vescicola

Compartmentalization of biochemical reactions is a central aspect of synthetic cells. For this purpose, peptide-based reaction compartments serve as an ...