Name: automation of mode locking in a nonlinear polarization rotation fiber laser through output polarization measurements
Uploaded: 2016-02-28T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements at JoVE.com

笔者想感谢基督教Olivier和菲利普·克雷蒂安对有关电子有价值的帮助，埃里克吉拉德在GIGA概念公司与电动偏振控制器的支持，真正的教授为河谷商业旋光仪教授米歇尔Piché的贷款为许多富有成效的讨论。 自然等技术（FRQNT）中，加拿大自然科学和工程研究理事会（NSERC）和加拿大暑期工作 - 这项工作是由全宗德RECHERCHE魁北克的支持。

1.建立一个光纤ML光纤激光器，包括电动PSC <ol><li>收集以下组件：单模掺铒光纤，一个980 / 1,550nm处波分复用器（WDM），一个980 / 1,550nm处的WDM-1,550nm处隔离混合组件，50/50光纤耦合器，一个光纤偏振器，机动化的PSC，二980nm的激光泵浦二极管，一个99/1光纤耦合器和手动联的PSC。 </li><li>切断掺铒光纤和所有其他光纤尾纤组件，以适应与所需腔设计。 注：所提出的自动化方法适用于基于非线性偏?...

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Express. 21 (18), 20626-20631 (2013).</li><li>Shen, X., Li, W., Yan, M., Zeng, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electronic+control+of+nonlinear-polarization-rotation+mode+locking+in+Yb-doped+fiber+lasers.">Electronic control of nonlinear-polarization-rotation mode locking in Yb-doped fiber lasers.</a> Opt. Lett. 37 (16), 3426-3428 (2012).</li><li>Andral, U., Si Fodil, R., Amrani, F., Billard, F., Hertz, E., Grelu, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fiber+laser+mode+locked+through+an+evolutionary+algorithm.">Fiber laser mode locked through an evolutionary algorithm.</a> Optica. 2 (4), 275-278 (2015).</li><li>Olivier, M., Gagnon, M. D., Pich&#233;, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automated+mode+locking+in+nonlinear+polarization+rotation+fiber+lasers+by+detection+of+a+discontinuous+jump+in+the+polarization+state.">Automated mode locking in nonlinear polarization rotation fiber lasers by detection of a discontinuous jump in the polarization state.</a> Opt. Express. 23 (5), 6738-6746 (2015).</li><li>Ulrich, R., Simon, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polarization+optics+of+twisted+single-mode+fibers.">Polarization optics of twisted single-mode fibers.</a> Appl. Opt. 18 (13), 2241-2251 (1979).</li><li>Chong, A., Logan, L. R., Wise, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrafast+fiber+lasers+based+on+self-similar+pulse+evolution:+a+review+of+current+progress.">Ultrafast fiber lasers based on self-similar pulse evolution: a review of current progress.</a> Rep. Prog. Phys. 78 (11), 113901 (2015).</li><li>Komarov, A., Leblond, H., Sanchez, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Theoretical+analysis+of+the+operating+regime+of+a+passively-mode-locked+fiber+laser+through+nonlinear+polarization+rotation.">Theoretical analysis of the operating regime of a passively-mode-locked fiber laser through nonlinear polarization rotation.</a> Phys. Rev. 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已经表明，有可能通过使用基于输出偏振测量的反馈回路来自动NPR光纤环形激光器的ML。为了实现这一任务，关键的是要插入在空腔的可调节的P​​SC。腔的输出耦合器必须只偏振片之前位于以看到一个CW信号的极化状态与一个脉冲信号（ 图2）之间的差。所述PSC的双折射必须预先调整，使ML可以发现和泵功率必须为了得到在空腔的单脉冲，并尽量减少可能发生的竞争机制的数目被设置...

本文的目的是提出一种自动化校准过程来获得非线性偏振旋转光纤激光器模式锁定（ML）。这个过程是基于两个基本步骤：通过测量激光器的输出信号的偏振，然后设置向上的自启动控制系统，以获得到ML检测ML制度。 光纤激光器已经成为时下光学的重要工具。它们是相干的近红外光的有效源和它们现在延伸到所述电磁光谱的中红外部分。其成本低，易于使用都使得他们有吸引力的替代相干光的其它来源，例如固态激光器。光纤激光器也能提供超短脉冲（100 FSEC或更小）时，ML机构被插在纤维空腔中。有许多方法来设计这种ML机制如非线性循环反射镜和可饱和吸收器。其中之一，广泛使用˚F或它的简单性，基于所述信号1,2的非线性偏振旋转（NPR）。它使用的信号的极化椭圆经历旋转正比于它的强度，因为它在激光腔中的纤维中传播的事实。通过在空腔中插入一个偏振器，本NPR的信号的往返过程中导致依赖于强度的损失。 激光然后可以通过控制偏振状态被强制ML。有效地，信号的高功率部分将经受降低损失（ 图1），这最终将导致光的超短脉冲的形成时的激光被接通和从低功率噪声信号开始。然而，这种方法的缺点是，偏振状态控制器（PSC）必须正确对齐获得的ML。通常，操作者通过用快纵改变PSC的位置和分析激光的输出信号手动发现对MLhotodiode，光频谱分析仪或一非线性光学自相关器。一旦被检测到的脉冲的发射时，操作者停止改变所述PSC的位置，因为激光是ML。显然，获得激光自启动自动导致效率的重要收获。这是特别真实当激光受扰动改变取向或空腔配置，因为操作者必须一次次经过对齐过程。在过去十年中，不同的方法已经被提出来实现这种自动化。海尔威格等 3中使用压电榨汁控制在组合偏振与信号的极化状态的具有分裂振幅的-全光纤光仪检测ML全面分析。 Radnarotov 等 4中使用的液晶板的PSCs基于所述RF频谱检测ML的分析。 Shen等人 5中使用压电榨汁控制偏振和光电二极管/高速计数器系统来检测的ML。最近，提出根据一种进化算法的策略，其中所述检测是通过一个高带宽的光电二极管与一个intensimetric二阶自相关器和一个光学频谱分析仪提供组合。控制然后与空腔6内的两个电子驱动的PSCs进行。 本文介绍的检测ML并将其应用到自动化技术迫使光纤激光器ML的创新方式。激光的ML的检测是通过分析作为所述PSC的角度被扫过的信号的输出偏振状态如何变化来实现的。如将要示出，到ML的过渡与在偏振态通过测量输出信号的斯托克斯参数的一个可检测一个突然的变化相关联。一个事实，即脉冲比CW信号越强，将进行更重要的NPR EXPlains这种变化。由于激光的输出立即位于空腔中的偏振器之前，在该位置的脉冲的偏振状态是由一个CW信号的偏振状态（ 图2）不同，将用于鉴别对ML状态。这个过程，它的第一个实验实现的理论方面奥利弗等人作了介绍。7。在这篇文章中，重点将放在程序，它的局限和自身优势的技术方面。 这种技术是实现相对简单，并且不需要复杂的测量仪器来检测ML状态并自动激光的对准来获得的ML。通过可编程接口可调外使用PSC是必需的。不同的PSCs可以在原则上可以使用：压电榨汁，液晶，由电动机，磁光晶体或机动的全光纤PSC基于ö旋转波片ñ挤压和扭曲纤维8。在这篇文章中，后者被使用，全光纤机动姚明型PSC。以检测的偏振状态的昂贵的商业偏振都可以使用。然而，由于只需要第一斯托克斯参数的值，在组合偏振分束器与两个光电二极管将足以所示在这篇文章。 所有这些组件是廉价的广泛使用的掺铒光纤激光器。基于此过程的反馈回路可以在几分钟内找到的ML。这个反应时间是合适的光纤激光器的大多数应用是相媲美的其它现有技术。实际上，响应时间是由用于分析的信号的极化电子的限制。最后，虽然该过程这里施加到similariton 9掺铒光纤激光器，它可以立即用于任何基于NPR的光纤激光器作为上述设备或其equivalen吨在感兴趣的波长变得可用。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="903">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:391px;">Bare-Fiber adaptor</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Bullet</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">NGB-14</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:391px;">Drop-in polarization controller</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">General Photonics Corp.</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Polarite PLC-006</td>
			<td>Manual polarization controller.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:391px;">DSP In-line polarimeter</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">General Photonics Corp.</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">POD-101D PolaDetect</td>
			<td>Polarimeter with USB/serial computer connectivity.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:391px;">Fiber Cleaver</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Fitel</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">S323</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:391px;">FiberPort</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Thorlabs Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">PAF-X-2-C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:391px;">Fixed Fiber-to-Fiber Coupler Bench</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Thorlabs Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">FBC-1550-APC</td>
			<td>Any optical bench could be used. A 3-way bench would even be better.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:391px;">Fusion Splicer</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Fujikura</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">FSM-40PM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:391px;">High resolution all fiber polarization controller</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Giga Concept Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">GIG-2201-1300</td>
			<td>All-fiber motorized polarization controller with USB computer connectivity.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:391px;">InGaAs PIN PD module</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Optoway</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">PD-1310</td>
			<td>Pigtailed photodiode.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:391px;">Instrument communication interface</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">National Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">NI MAX</td>
			<td>It comes packaged with National Instruments drivers (NI-VISA, NI-DAQmx, etc.)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:391px;">Operational amplifier</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Texas Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">TLO81ACP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:391px;">Optical Powermeter</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Newport</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">818-IS-1 with 1835-C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:391px;">Optical spectrum analyzer</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Anritsu</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">MS9710C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:391px;">Oscilloscope</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Tektronix</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">TDS2022</td>
			<td>Oscilloscope with GPIB computer connectivity.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:391px;">Polarizing beamsplitter module</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Thorlabs Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">PSCLB-VL-1550</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:391px;">Polyimide Film Tape</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">5413</td>
			<td>Tape to fix the components on the table without damaging the fibers.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:391px;">Graphical programming language interface (GPLI)</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">National Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">LabVIEW</td>
			<td>Interface to program in G Programming Language and communicate with laboratory instruments.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:391px;">Polarimeter controlling software</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">General Photonics Corp.</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">PolaView</td>
			<td>Comes with the polarimeter General Photonics POD-101D.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

automation of mode locking in a nonlinear polarization rotation fiber laser through output polarization measurements

当激光是锁模，它发射由激光腔长度来确定的重复率超短脉冲序列。本文概述了新的和廉价的步骤来强制模式锁定在预调节非线性偏振旋转光纤激光器。当锁模发生此程序是基于该检测输出偏振状态的突然变化的。这种变化被用来命令腔内偏振控制器的取向，以便找到锁模条件。更具体地，当偏振控制器的角度被横扫第一斯托克斯参数的值而变化，而且，当激光进入锁模状态它经历了一个突然变化。监控这个突然变化提供了可以用来命令偏振控制器的取向和驱动朝模式锁定激光器的实用易于检测信号。这种监测是通过将一小部分来实现该信号的偏振分析仪测量第一斯托克斯参数。当激光进入锁模状态将发生在读出此参数的来自分析器的突然改变。在这一刻，该偏振控制器的所需角度保持固定。对准完成。此过程提供了一个替代的方式来使用的设备，如一个光学频谱分析仪，一个RF频谱分析仪，连接到电子脉冲计数器或基于双光子吸收或产生二次谐波的非线性检测方案的光电二极管的现有自动化程序。它适用于由非线性偏振旋转锁定激光器模式。这是比较容易实现，它需要廉价的方法，尤其是在1550nm的波长，它降低相比于上述技术产生的生产和运行成本。

NPR锁模光纤激光器是已知的，以提供大量的各种脉冲制度如Q-开关脉冲10，相干ML脉冲，类噪声脉冲，ML脉冲束缚态，谐波ML和相互作用ML脉冲11的复杂的结构。在这里所描述的激光，所述PSC的双折射后固定为能够得到ML，泵浦功率调整为相对接近单脉冲ML的阈值。在这样做时，竞争制度的数量减少到最低限度。在这个泵功率并根据PSC的角度，提出了激光不同?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements at JoVE.com

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

A protocol to detect and automate mode locking in a pre-adjusted nonlinear polarization rotation fiber laser is presented. The detection of a sudden change in the output polarization state when mode locking occurs is used to command the alignment of an intra-cavity polarization controller in order to find mode-locking conditions.

锁模自动化的非线性偏振旋转光纤激光器通过输出偏振测量

When a laser is mode-locked, it emits a train of ultra-short pulses at a repetition rate determined by the laser cavity length. This article outlines a ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Methods for Measuring the Orientation and Rotation Rate of 3D-printed Particles in Turbulence

测量的方向和旋转速率方法3D打印在湍流颗粒

Experimental methods are presented for measuring the rotational and translational motion of anisotropic particles in turbulent fluid flows. 3D printing ...

科研

工程学

Preparation and High-temperature Anti-adhesion Behavior of a Slippery Surface on Stainless Steel

不锈钢滑面的制备及高温抗粘接性能研究

Anti-adhesion surfaces with high-temperature resistance have a wide application potential in electrosurgical instruments, engines, and pipelines. A ...

Fabrication of Polymer Microspheres for Optical Resonator and Laser Applications

用于光学谐振器和激光应用的聚合物微球的制造

This paper describes three methods of preparing fluorescent microspheres comprising &#960;-conjugated or non-conjugated polymers: vapor diffusion, ...

Measurements of Soil Carbon by Neutron-Gamma Analysis in Static and Scanning Modes

静态和扫描模式下中子伽马分析法测量土壤碳

The herein described application of the inelastic neutron scattering (INS) method for soil carbon analysis is based on the registration and analysis of ...

Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing in the Tension-Compression Mode

拉伸压缩模式下的超声疲劳试验

Ultrasonic fatigue testing is one of a few methods which allow investigating fatigue properties in the ultra-high cycle region. The method is based on ...

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

自旋角分辨光电子光谱与偏振变激光相结合的实验方法

The goal of this protocol is to present how to perform spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy combined with polarization-variable 7-eV laser ...

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

液晶中磁调谐铁电极化的测量

Materials showing coupling phenomena between magnetism and (ferro)electricity, i.e., magnetoelectric effects, have attracted a great deal of attention due ...

Carrier Lifetime Measurements in Semiconductors through the Microwave Photoconductivity Decay Method

微波导光衰减法测量半导体中的载波寿命

This work presents a protocol employing the microwave photoconductivity decay (&#956;-PCD) for measurement of the carrier lifetime in semiconductor ...

Implementation of a Nonlinear Microscope Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering

基于刺激拉曼散射的非线性显微镜的实现

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy uses near-infrared excitation light; therefore, it shares many multi-photon microscopic imaging properties. ...