Name: sex differences in mouse hippocampal astrocytes after in-vitro ischemia
Uploaded: 2016-10-25T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Sex Differences in Mouse Hippocampal Astrocytes after In-Vitro Ischemia at JoVE.com

Clinical and Translational Science Award program of NCATS UL1 TR0000427 and KL2 TR000428 (Cengiz P), UL1TR000427 to the UW ICTR from NIH/NCATS and funds from Waisman Center (Cengiz P), K08 NS088563-01A1 from NINDS (Cengiz P) and NIH P30 HD03352 (Waisman Center), NIH/NINDS 1K08NS078113 (Ferrazzano P). We would like to thank Albee Messing, PhD, for providing us the GFAP knockout mice.

NOTA: Questo studio è stato condotto in conformità con la raccomandazione della Guida per la cura e l&#39;uso di animali da laboratorio del National Institute of Health. Il protocollo animale è stato approvato dalla University of Wisconsin-Madison, Institutional Animal Care e del Comitato Usa. Primaria protocollo cultura astrociti che viene qui presentata è adottato dai protocolli presentati da Zhang Y 19 et al. E Cengiz P 20 et al., Con alcune modifiche. 1. ippocampale ...

<ol>
	<li>Powell, E. M., Geller, H. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dissection+of+astrocyte-mediated+cues+in+neuronal+guidance+and+process+extension.">Dissection of astrocyte-mediated cues in neuronal guidance and process extension.</a> Glia. 26, 73-83 (1999).</li><li>Koehler, R. C., Roman, R. J., Harder, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Astrocytes+and+the+regulation+of+cerebral+blood+flow.">Astrocytes and the regulation of cerebral blood flow.</a> Trends in neurosciences. 32, 160-169 (2009).</li><li>Seifert, G., Schilling, K., Steinhauser, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Astrocyte+dysfunction+in+neurological+disorders:+a+molecular+perspective.">Astrocyte dysfunction in neurological disorders: a molecular perspective.</a> Nature reviews. Neuroscience. 7, 194-206 (2006).</li><li>Ballabh, P., Braun, A., Nedergaard, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+blood-brain+barrier:+an+overview:+structure,+regulation,+and+clinical+implications.">The blood-brain barrier: an overview: structure, regulation, and clinical implications.</a> Neurobiology of disease. 16, 1-13 (2004).</li><li>Araque, A., Parpura, V., Sanzgiri, R. P., Haydon, P. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tripartite+synapses:+glia,+the+unacknowledged+partner.">Tripartite synapses: glia, the unacknowledged partner.</a> Trends in neurosciences. 22, 208-215 (1999).</li><li>Anderson, M. A., Ao, Y., Sofroniew, M. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heterogeneity+of+reactive+astrocytes.">Heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes.</a> Neuroscience letters. 565, 23-29 (2014).</li><li>Cengiz, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+Na+/H++exchanger+isoform+1+is+neuroprotective+in+neonatal+hypoxic+ischemic+brain+injury.">Inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 is neuroprotective in neonatal hypoxic ischemic brain injury.</a> Antioxidants &amp; redox signaling. 14, 1803-1813 (2011).</li><li>Ferriero, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neonatal+brain+injury.">Neonatal brain injury.</a> The New England journal of medicine. 351, 1985-1995 (2004).</li><li>Hill, C. A., Fitch, R. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sex+differences+in+mechanisms+and+outcome+of+neonatal+hypoxia-ischemia+in+rodent+models:+implications+for+sex-specific+neuroprotection+in+clinical+neonatal+practice.">Sex differences in mechanisms and outcome of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in rodent models: implications for sex-specific neuroprotection in clinical neonatal practice.</a> Neurol Res Int. , 1-9 (2012).</li><li>Cikla, U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ERalpha+Signaling+Is+Required+for+TrkB-Mediated+Hippocampal+Neuroprotection+in+Female+Neonatal+Mice+after+Hypoxic+Ischemic+Encephalopathy(1,2,3).">ERalpha Signaling Is Required for TrkB-Mediated Hippocampal Neuroprotection in Female Neonatal Mice after Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy(1,2,3).</a> eNeuro. 3, (2016).</li><li>Uluc, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TrkB+receptor+agonist+7,+8+dihydroxyflavone+triggers+profound+gender-+dependent+neuroprotection+in+mice+after+perinatal+hypoxia+and+ischemia.">TrkB receptor agonist 7, 8 dihydroxyflavone triggers profound gender- dependent neuroprotection in mice after perinatal hypoxia and ischemia.</a> CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 12, 360-370 (2013).</li><li>Cikla, U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Suppression+of+microglia+activation+after+hypoxia-ischemia+results+in+age-dependent+improvements+in+neurologic+injury.">Suppression of microglia activation after hypoxia-ischemia results in age-dependent improvements in neurologic injury.</a> J Neuroimmunol. 291, 18-27 (2016).</li><li>McQuillen, P. S., Ferriero, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+vulnerability+in+the+developing+central+nervous+system.">Selective vulnerability in the developing central nervous system.</a> Pediatr Neurol. 30, 227-235 (2004).</li><li>Morken, T. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Altered+astrocyte-neuronal+interactions+after+hypoxia-ischemia+in+the+neonatal+brain+in+female+and+male+rats.">Altered astrocyte-neuronal interactions after hypoxia-ischemia in the neonatal brain in female and male rats.</a> Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation. 45, 2777-2785 (2014).</li><li>Chisholm, N. C., Sohrabji, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Astrocytic+response+to+cerebral+ischemia+is+influenced+by+sex+differences+and+impaired+by+aging.">Astrocytic response to cerebral ischemia is influenced by sex differences and impaired by aging.</a> Neurobiology of disease. 85, 245-253 (2016).</li><li>Liu, M., Oyarzabal, E. A., Yang, R., Murphy, S. J., Hurn, P. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+method+for+assessing+sex-specific+and+genotype-specific+response+to+injury+in+astrocyte+culture.">A novel method for assessing sex-specific and genotype-specific response to injury in astrocyte culture.</a> Journal of neuroscience methods. 171, 214-217 (2008).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exploring+the+biological+contributions+to+human+health:+does+sex+matter?.">Exploring the biological contributions to human health: does sex matter?.</a> Journal of women's health &amp; gender-based. 10, 433-439 (2001).</li><li>Collins, F. S., Tabak, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Policy:+NIH+plans+to+enhance+reproducibility.">Policy: NIH plans to enhance reproducibility.</a> Nature. 505, 612-613 (2014).</li><li>Zhang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+single-step+induction+of+functional+neurons+from+human+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Rapid single-step induction of functional neurons from human pluripotent stem cells.</a> Neuron. 78, 785-798 (2013).</li><li>Cengiz, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sustained+Na+/H++exchanger+activation+promotes+gliotransmitter+release+from+reactive+hippocampal+astrocytes+following+oxygen-glucose+deprivation.">Sustained Na+/H+ exchanger activation promotes gliotransmitter release from reactive hippocampal astrocytes following oxygen-glucose deprivation.</a> PloS one. 9, e84294 (2014).</li><li>Landis, S. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+call+for+transparent+reporting+to+optimize+the+predictive+value+of+preclinical+research.">A call for transparent reporting to optimize the predictive value of preclinical research.</a> Nature. 490, 187-191 (2012).</li><li>Hamby, M. E., Uliasz, T. F., Hewett, S. J., Hewett, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+an+improved+procedure+for+the+removal+of+microglia+from+confluent+monolayers+of+primary+astrocytes.">Characterization of an improved procedure for the removal of microglia from confluent monolayers of primary astrocytes.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 150, 128-137 (2006).</li><li>McClive, P. J., Sinclair, A. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+DNA+extraction+and+PCR-sexing+of+mouse+embryos.">Rapid DNA extraction and PCR-sexing of mouse embryos.</a> Molecular reproduction and development. 60, 225-226 (2001).</li><li>Wolterink-Donselaar, I. G., Meerding, J. M., Fernandes, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+for+gender+determination+in+newborn+dark+pigmented+mice.">A method for gender determination in newborn dark pigmented mice.</a> Lab Anim (NY). 38, 35-38 (2009).</li><li>Uliasz, T. F., Hamby, M. E., Jackman, N. A., Hewett, J. A., Hewett, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+primary+astrocyte+cultures+devoid+of+contaminating+microglia.">Generation of primary astrocyte cultures devoid of contaminating microglia.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 814, 61-79 (2012).</li><li>Raponi, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=S100B+expression+defines+a+state+in+which+GFAP-expressing+cells+lose+their+neural+stem+cell+potential+and+acquire+a+more+mature+developmental+stage.">S100B expression defines a state in which GFAP-expressing cells lose their neural stem cell potential and acquire a more mature developmental stage.</a> Glia. 55, 165-177 (2007).</li><li>Souza, D. G., Bellaver, B., Souza, D. O., Quincozes-Santos, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+adult+rat+astrocyte+cultures.">Characterization of adult rat astrocyte cultures.</a> PloS one. 8, e60282 (2013).</li><li>Puschmann, T. B., Dixon, K. J., Turnley, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Species+differences+in+reactivity+of+mouse+and+rat+astrocytes+in+vitro.">Species differences in reactivity of mouse and rat astrocytes in vitro.</a> Neuro-Signals. 18, 152-163 (2010).</li><li>Schildge, S., Bohrer, C., Beck, K., Schachtrup, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+culture+of+mouse+cortical+astrocytes.">Isolation and culture of mouse cortical astrocytes.</a> Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE. , (2013).</li><li>Saura, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microglial+cells+in+astroglial+cultures:+a+cautionary+note.">Microglial cells in astroglial cultures: a cautionary note.</a> J Neuroinflammation. 4 (26), (2007).</li></ol>

Al fine di studiare le differenze di sesso nelle proprietà e la funzione degli astrociti in condizioni fisiologiche e patologiche, la preparazione degli astrociti primari sessuati in coltura cellulare è uno strumento importante da utilizzare. Nel presente studio riportiamo un altamente efficiente e un metodo riproducibile per la cultura di una popolazione omogenea altamente arricchito di astrociti dell&#39;ippocampo sessuati da neonato (P0-P2) C57Bl / 6 (wild type) o K19F (GFAP null) cuccioli di topo in vitro.</em...

Gli astrociti sono uno dei più importanti attori chiave del sistema nervoso centrale (SNC). crescente corpo di evidenze indicano che i ruoli di astrociti sono più di sostegno neuronale. Infatti, i ruoli di astrociti in condizioni fisiologiche possono essere molto complessa, come guidare la migrazione degli assoni sviluppo 1, regolazione del flusso sanguigno CNS 2, mantenendo l&#39;omeostasi pH della sinaptica liquido interstiziale 3, e partecipando la barriera ematoencefalica 4 e 5 la trasmissione sinaptica. In condizioni patologiche, astrociti rispondono al danno con un processo chiamato astrogliosis reattiva in cui la morfologia, numero, la posizione, la topografia (rispetto alla distanza da insulto) e funzione delle astrociti possono cambiare in modo eterogeneo 6,7. Astrogliosis visto seguente neonatale encefalopatia ischemica ipossica forse contribuire alla morbilità e la mortalità dei neonati <sup&gt; 8. studi clinici e sperimentali recenti indicano che la gravità del danno cerebrale sembra essere il sesso-dipendente e che i neonati maschi sono più sensibili agli effetti di ipossia / ischemia (HI) lesione cerebrale -related, con conseguente esiti neurologici più gravi rispetto a femmine con lesioni cerebrali paragonabili 9-11. Sebbene la localizzazione della lesione dipende dall&#39;età gestazionale e la durata e la gravità dell&#39;insulto, ippocampo è una delle regioni più comunemente effettuata nel SNC dopo termine neonatale HI, e aumentato astrogliosis ippocampo è stato confermato da up-regolazione Protein fibrillare gliale acida (GFAP) 3 d dopo la HI neonatale 7,10,12,13. Differenze di genere nella funzione degli astrociti sono stati mostrati in entrambi i neonati e nei roditori adulti dopo ischemia cerebrale 14,15. Inoltre, maschio suscettibilità astrociti di ischemia in vitro è stato dimostrato da un aumento cell morte rispetto ai astrociti corticali femminili nella cultura 16. Differenze di sesso iniziano in utero e continuare fino alla morte 17. Negli ultimi dieci anni, l&#39;importanza di includere i sessi in condizioni sperimentali in coltura cellulare e in vivo studi sono stati l&#39;enfasi dell &#39;Istituto di Medicina e NIH di cercare la conoscenza fondamentale nelle differenze di sesso visto in condizioni fisiologiche e patologiche 17,18 . Sviluppo di metodi affidabili di isolare e mantenere popolazioni di sessuato astrociti dell&#39;ippocampo è essenziale per comprendere le basi cellulare di differenze di sesso e le conseguenze patologiche di HI neonatale. Il presente studio è stato progettato per fornire le tecniche per preparare culture dell&#39;ippocampo astrociti sesso-specifici arricchito da topi appena nati al fine di valutare il ruolo degli astrociti GFAP-immunoreattive seguenti ossigeno / glucosio Deprivation (OGD) e riossigenazione (Reox), inducendoHI in ambiente di coltura cellulare. Questa tecnica può essere utilizzata per testare qualsiasi ipotesi di pertinenza astrociti dell&#39;ippocampo nei maschi e nelle femmine neonatali in condizioni normossiche e ischemiche.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">Astrocyte culture media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM, high glucose</td>
			<td>cellgro</td>
			<td>10-013-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Horse serum</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>26050-070</td>
			<td>Final Concentration: 10%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Cellgro&#160;</td>
			<td>30-002-CI</td>
			<td>Final Concentration: 1%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td rowspan="2">L-Leucine methyl ester hydrochloride</td>
			<td rowspan="2">Aldrich</td>
			<td rowspan="2">L1002-25G</td>
			<td rowspan="2">Final Concentration: 5 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">Solution for brain tissue digestion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HBSS</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>14170-088</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.25% Trypsin</td>
			<td>cellgro</td>
			<td>25-050-CI</td>
			<td>Final Concentration: 0.25%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">Other</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70% (vol/vol) ethanol</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>9065.2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly-D-Lysine 12mm round coverslips&#160;</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>354087</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>W3500</td>
			<td>cell culture grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS</td>
			<td>cellgro</td>
			<td>21-040-CV</td>
			<td>cell culture grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.05% Trypsin-EDTA&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>25300-062</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70 &#956;m Sterile cell strainer&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisher scientific</td>
			<td>22363548</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3.5 cm petri dish</td>
			<td>BD Falcon</td>
			<td>353001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 ml Falcon tube</td>
			<td>BD Falcon</td>
			<td>352096</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 ml Falcon tube</td>
			<td>BD Falcon</td>
			<td>352070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps, fine&#160;</td>
			<td>Dumont</td>
			<td>2-1032; 2-1033</td>
			<td># 3c; # 5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps, flat tip</td>
			<td>KLS Martin</td>
			<td>12-120-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>13 cm surgical scissors</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>BC-140-R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocal Microscope</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>A1RSi&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5805000.017</td>
			<td>Centrifuge5804R</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Orbital Shaker</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>SHKE 4450-1CE</td>
			<td>MaxQ 4450&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-IBA1</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>019-19741</td>
			<td>Rabbit monoclonal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-MAP2</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M2320</td>
			<td>Mouse monoclonal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-HIF1alpha</td>
			<td>abcam</td>
			<td>ab179483</td>
			<td>rabbit monoclonal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-S100B</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>HPA015768</td>
			<td>Rabbit polyclonal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-GFAP (cocktail)</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>837602</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VECTASTAIN Elite ABC Kit (Rabbit IgG)</td>
			<td>Vector Labs</td>
			<td>PK-6101</td>
			<td>Contains 4 Reagents&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat Anti Rabbit Alexa-Fluor 488</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A11070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat Anti Mouse Alexa-Fluor 568</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A11004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

sex differences in mouse hippocampal astrocytes after in-vitro ischemia

Astrogliosis seguente ipossia / ischemia (HI) lesione cerebrale -related svolge un ruolo in un aumento della morbilità e mortalità nei neonati. Recenti studi clinici indicano che la gravità della lesione cerebrale sembrano essere il sesso dipendente, e che i neonati maschi sono più sensibili agli effetti di lesioni cerebrali HI-correlati, con conseguente esiti neurologici più gravi rispetto alle femmine con lesioni cerebrali simili. Lo sviluppo di metodi affidabili per isolare e mantenere le popolazioni altamente arricchito di sessuato astrociti dell&#39;ippocampo è essenziale per comprendere la base cellulare di differenze di sesso e le conseguenze patologiche di HI neonatale. In questo studio, si descrive un metodo per la creazione di specifiche culture astrociti dell&#39;ippocampo di sesso che sono sottoposti a un modello di ischemia in vitro, deprivazione di ossigeno e glucosio, seguito da riossigenazione. Successivamente astrogliosi reattiva è stata esaminata dal immunostaining per la proteina acida fibrillare gliale (GFAP) e S100B. Questo metodo fornisce un utile strumento per studiare il ruolo del maschio e astrociti dell&#39;ippocampo femminili seguente neonatale HI, separatamente.

La comprensione dei ruoli delle funzioni astrociti sessuati in condizioni fisiologiche o fisiopatologiche sono stati immensamente chiarito coltivando queste cellule in condizioni in vitro. L&#39;aspetto importante di eseguire coltura sessuato è quello di determinare il sesso del cucciolo del mouse prima del suo utilizzo. Abbiamo determinato il sesso del topo geneticamente mediante PCR e dalla valutazione visiva (Figura 2) 16. La metodologia di determ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Sex Differences in Mouse Hippocampal Astrocytes after In-Vitro Ischemia at JoVE.com

Sex Differences in Mouse Hippocampal Astrocytes after In-Vitro Ischemia

Gli astrociti sono uno dei più importanti attori chiave del sistema nervoso centrale (SNC). Qui, stiamo riportando un metodo pratico di sessuato dell&#39;ippocampo protocollo cultura astrociti al fine di studiare i meccanismi alla base della funzione degli astrociti in cuccioli di neonato maschio e femmina dopo ischemia in vitro.

Le differenze di sesso in ippocampali di topo astrociti dopo<em&gt; In-Vitro</em&gt; Ischemia

Astrogliosis following hypoxia/ischemia (HI)-related brain injury plays a role in increased morbidity and mortality in neonates. Recent clinical studies ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Sex Differences in Mouse Hippocampal Astrocytes after In-Vitro Ischemia

Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) of Fluorescence Tagged Proteins in Dendritic Spines of Cultured Hippocampal Neurons

Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching FRAP of Fluorescence Tagged Proteins in Dendritic Spines of Cultured Hippocampal Neurons

Recupero della fluorescenza dopo photobleaching (FRAP) di fluorescenza proteine ​​Tagged in spine dendritiche di colture di neuroni ippocampali

FRAP has been used to quantify the mobility of GFP-tagged proteins. Using a strong excitation laser, the fluorescence of a GFP-tagged protein is bleached ...

Ricerca

Neuroscienze

Dual Electrophysiological Recordings of Synaptically-evoked Astroglial and Neuronal Responses in Acute Hippocampal Slices

Due registrazioni elettrofisiologiche di sinapticamente-evocati Risposte astrogliale e neuronale in acute fettine di ippocampo

Astrocytes form together with neurons tripartite synapses, where they integrate and modulate neuronal activity. Indeed, astrocytes sense neuronal inputs ...

Isolation and Culture of Mouse Cortical Astrocytes

Isolamento e la coltura di astrociti corticali mouse

Astrocytes  are an abundant cell type in the mammalian brain, yet much remains to be  learned about their molecular and functional characteristics. In ...

Modeling Astrocytoma Pathogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo Using Cortical Astrocytes or Neural Stem Cells from Conditional, Genetically Engineered Mice

Modeling Astrocytoma Pathogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo Using Cortical Astrocytes or Neural Stem Cells from Conditional, Genetically Engineered Mice

Modellazione Astrocitoma Patogenesi<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; E<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; Utilizzo corticale astrociti o cellule staminali neurali da condizionale, topi geneticamente ingegnerizzati

Current astrocytoma models are limited in their ability to define the roles of oncogenic mutations in specific brain cell types during disease ...

Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Visualizzazione immunoistochimica di ippocampale Neuron attività dopo Spatial apprendimento in un modello murino di disturbi dello sviluppo neurologico

Induction of phosphorylated extracellular-regulated kinase (pERK) is a reliable molecular readout of learning-dependent neuronal activation. Here, we ...

Protocol for Three-dimensional Confocal Morphometric Analysis of Astrocytes

Protocollo per tridimensionale confocale morfometrica Analisi di astrociti

As glial cells in the brain, astrocytes have diverse functional roles in the central nervous system. In the presence of harmful stimuli, astrocytes modify ...

Tuning in the Hippocampal Theta Band In Vitro: Methodologies for Recording from the Isolated Rodent Septohippocampal Circuit

Tuning in the Hippocampal Theta Band In Vitro: Methodologies for Recording from the Isolated Rodent Septohippocampal Circuit

Tuning nella Banda Theta Ippocampale<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt;: Metodologie per la registrazione dal circuito isolante di roditore Septohippocampal

This protocol outlines the procedures for preparing and recording from the isolated whole hippocampus, of WT and transgenic mice, along with recent ...

In Utero Electroporation of Multiaddressable Genome-Integrating Color (MAGIC) Markers to Individualize Cortical Mouse Astrocytes

In Utero Electroporation of Multiaddressable Genome-Integrating Color MAGIC Markers to Individualize Cortical Mouse Astrocytes

Protoplasmic astrocytes (PrA) located in the mouse cerebral cortex are tightly juxtaposed, forming an apparently continuous three-dimensional matrix at ...

Neuronal Differentiation from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells In vitro

Differenziazione neuronale dalle cellule staminali embrionali del topo in vitro

The neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) is a potential tool for elucidating the key mechanisms involved in neurogenesis and ...

Horizontal Hippocampal Slices of the Mouse Brain

Fette ippocampali orizzontali del cervello del topo

The hippocampus is a highly organized structure in the brain that is a part of the limbic system and is involved in memory formation and consolidation as ...