Name: printing fabrication of bulk heterojunction solar cells and in situ morphology characterization
Uploaded: 2017-01-29T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization at JoVE.com

This work was supported by Polymer-Based Materials for Harvesting Solar Energy (PHaSE), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award number DE-SC0001087 and the U.S. Office of Naval Research under contract N00014-15-1-2244. Portions of this research were carried out at beamline 7.3.3 and 11.0.1.2 at the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which was supported by the DOE, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences.

1. Photon-aktive blanding Ink Fremstilling <ol><li> Afvej 10 mg DPPBT polymer og 10 mg PC 71 BM materiale (kemiske strukturer er vist i figur 1). Bland dem i en 4 ml hætteglas. </li><li> Tilføj 1,5 ml chloroform og 75 pi af 1,2-dichlorbenzen i blandingen. </li><li> Sætte en lille omrører i hætteglasset, luk kuvetten med en polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE) hætte og overføre hætteglasset til en varmeplade. Der omrøres ved ~ 400 rpm, og opvarm til ~ 50 ° C natten før brug. </li></ol><p ...

<ol>
	<li>Brabec, C. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polymer-Fullerene+Bulk-Heterojunction+Solar+Cells.">Polymer-Fullerene Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells.</a> Adv. Mater. 22 (34), 3839-3856 (2010).</li><li>Thompson, B. C., Fr&#233;chet, J. M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polymer-Fullerene+Composite+Solar+Cells.">Polymer-Fullerene Composite Solar Cells.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47 (1), 58-77 (2008).</li><li>G&#252;nes, S., Neugebauer, H., Sariciftci, N. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conjugated+Polymer-Based+Organic+Solar+Cells.">Conjugated Polymer-Based Organic Solar Cells.</a> Chem. Rev. 107 (4), 1324-1338 (2007).</li><li>Krebs, F. 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Den her beskrevne fremgangsmåde fokuserer på at udvikle en film fremstillingsmetode, der let kan skaleres op i industriel produktion. Tynd film trykning og synkrotron morfologi karakterisering er de mest kritiske trin med protokollen. I tidligere lab skaleret OPV forskning, er spin-coating anvendt som den dominerende metode til at fremstille tyndfilm-enheder. Men denne proces bruger, høj centrifuge kraft til at sprede sig BHJ løsning, som er helt forskellig fra industrielt baseret roll-to-roll fabrikation. Således ...

Organiske solceller (OPV) er en lovende teknologi til at producere omkostningseffektive vedvarende energikilder i den nærmeste fremtid. Der er foretaget 1, 2, 3 enorme indsats for at udvikle foto-aktive polymerer og fabrikere høje enheder effektivitet. Til dato har enkelt lag OPV enheder opnået en&gt; 10% effekt virkningsgrad (PCE). Disse effektivitetsgevinster er opnået på laboratorieskala enheder ved hjælp af spin-belægning for at generere film og oversættelse til større størrelse skala enheder har været fyldt med betydelige reduktioner i PCE. 4, 5 I industrien roll-to-roll (R2R) baseret tynd film coating anvendes til at generere foton aktive tynde film på ledende substrater, som er helt forskellige fra typiske laboratorieskala processer, især i hastigheden af fjernelse af opløsningsmiddel. Dette er kritisk, da de morfologier er kinetisk fanget som følge af samspillet mellem flere kinetiske processer, herunder faseadskillelse, bestilling, orientering og fordampning af opløsningsmidlet. 6, 7 Denne kinetisk fanget morfologi, dog bestemmer stort set udførelsen af de solcelle-enheder. Således forstå udviklingen i morfologien under belægningsprocessen er af stor betydning for at manipulere morfologien for således at optimere ydeevnen. Optimeringen af ​​morfologien kræver forståelse kinetikken forbundet med bestilling af hullet-ledende polymer i opløsning som opløsningsmiddel fjernes; 8, 9 kvantificering interaktionerne af polymeren med fulleren-baserede elektron leder; 10, 11, 12 forståelse roller tilsætningsstoffer i at definere morphology; 13, 14, 15 og balancering de relative afdampning af opløsningsmidlet (er) og additiver. 16. Det har været en udfordring at karakterisere udviklingen af morfologi kvantitativt i det aktive lag i en industrielt relevant indstilling. Rulle-til-rulle behandling er blevet undersøgt til fremstilling af skalaen OPV enheder store. 4, 17 Imidlertid blev disse undersøgelser udført i en indstilling fremstilling, hvor der anvendes store mængder af materialer, der effektivt begrænser undersøgelser med kommercielt tilgængelige polymerer. I dette papir, er de tekniske detaljer i opdigte OPV enheder ved hjælp af en mini-slot die coating systemet demonstreret. Coating parametre såsom film tørring kinetik og kontrol lagtykkelse gælder for større skala processer, hvilket gør denne undersøgelse direkte relateret til industrien fabrication. Desuden er en meget lille mængde materiale, der anvendes i mini slot die coating eksperiment, hvilket gør denne behandling gældende for nye syntetiske materialer. I design, kan denne mini-slot die coater monteres på synkrotron ende stationer, og dermed strejfende indfald lille vinkel røntgenspredning (GISAXS) og røntgendiffraktion (GIXD) kan anvendes til at muliggøre real-time undersøgelser af udviklingen af morfologien over et bredt område af længden skalaer på forskellige stadier af filmen tørringsproces under en række procesbetingelser. Information opnået i disse studier kan overføres direkte til en industriel indstilling produktion. Den lille mængde anvendte materialer muliggør en hurtig screening af et stort antal fotoaktive materialer og deres blandinger under forskellige procesbetingelser. Den semikrystallinske diketopyrrolopyrrol og quaterthiophene (DPPBT) baseret lav band konjugeret polymer anvendes som model donor materiale, og (6,6) -phenyl C71-butyric-methylester (PC 71 BM) anvendes som den elektroniske acceptor. 18, 19 Det er vist i tidligere undersøgelser, der DPPBT: PC 71 BM blandinger danner store størrelse faseadskillelse ved brug af chloroform som opløsningsmidlet. En chloroform: blanding 1,2-dichlorbenzen opløsningsmiddel kan reducere størrelsen af ​​faseadskillelse og dermed øge enhedens ydeevne. Morfologien dannelse under opløsningsmidlet tørreprocessen undersøges in situ ved strejfende indfald røntgendiffraktion og spredning. Solcelle indretninger fremstillet ved hjælp af mini-slot die coater viste en gennemsnitlig PCE på 5,2% under anvendelse af de bedste opløsningsmiddelblanding betingelser, 20, der svarer til spin-coating fabrikerede enheder. Mini-slot die coater åbner en ny rute til at fabrikere solcelle-enheder i et forskningslaboratorium indstilling, der efterligner en industriel proces, udfylde et hul i forudsige levedygtighed af disse materialer i en industrielt relvante omgivelser.

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		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">PC71BM</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">Nano-C Inc</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">nano-c-PCBM-SF</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">DPPBT</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">The University of Massachusetts</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Custom Made</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">PEDOT:PSS</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">Heraeus</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">P VP Al 4083</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">Mucasol Liquid Cleaner</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Z637181</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">Acetone</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">270725</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">Isopropyl Alcohol</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">BDH</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">BDH1133</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">Chloroform</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">372978&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">1,2-diChlorobenzene</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">240664</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">Lithium fluoride</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">669431</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">Aluminum</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">Kurt Lesker</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">EVMAL50QXHD</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">Glass vials</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">03-391-7B</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">Ultrasonic Cleaner</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">Cleanosonic</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Branson 2800</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">Oven</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">WVR</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">414005-118</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">Cleaning Rack</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">Lawrence Berkeley National Lab</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Custom Made</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">Shadow Mask</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">Lawrence Berkeley National Lab</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Custom Made</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">UV-Ozone Cleaner</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">UVOCS INC</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">T16X16 OES</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">Glove Box</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">MBraun</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Custom Made</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">Evaporator</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">MBraun</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Custom Made</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">Slot Die Coater</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">Jema Science Inc</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Custom Made</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">Solar Simulator</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">Newport</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Class ABB</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">Spin Coater</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">SCS Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">SCS G3</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">Hot Plate</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">SP131015Q</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:191px;">X-ray Measurement</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">Lawrence Berkeley National Lab</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Beamline 7.3.3</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

printing fabrication of bulk heterojunction solar cells and in situ morphology characterization

Polymer-based materials hold promise as low-cost, flexible efficient photovoltaic devices. Most laboratory efforts to achieve high performance devices have used devices prepared by spin coating, a process that is not amenable to large-scale fabrication. This mismatch in device fabrication makes it difficult to translate quantitative results obtained in the laboratory to the commercial level, making optimization difficult. Using a mini-slot die coater, this mismatch can be resolved by translating the commercial process to the laboratory and characterizing the structure formation in the active layer of the device in real time and in situ as films are coated onto a substrate. The evolution of the morphology was characterized under different conditions, allowing us to propose a mechanism by which the structures form and grow. This mini-slot die coater offers a simple, convenient, material efficient route by which the morphology in the active layer can be optimized under industrially relevant conditions. The goal of this protocol is to show experimental details of how a solar cell device is fabricated using a mini-slot die coater and technical details of running in situ structure characterization using the mini-slot die coater.

Vist i figur 3 er den mini-slot die coating system. Den består af en belægning maskine, en sprøjtepumpe og en central kontrolboks. Belægningen maskine er den væsentlige del, som er fremstillet af en spalte skærehoved, en horisontal translationel fase, og en lodret translatorisk fase. Spalten skærehoved er monteret på bunden af ​​en lodret translatorisk motor gennem en 2-D vipning manipulator. Figur 10a viser printerens hovedlegeme uden monter...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization at JoVE.com

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

Her præsenterer vi en protokol til at fabrikere organisk tyndfilm solceller ved hjælp af en mini-slot die coater og relaterede in-line struktur karakteriseringer hjælp synkrotron spredningsteknikker.

Udskrivning Fabrikation af Bulk heterojunction solceller og<em&gt; In Situ</em&gt; Morfologi Karakterisering

Polymer-based materials hold promise as low-cost, flexible efficient photovoltaic devices. Most laboratory efforts to achieve high performance devices ...

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Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions - Fabrication and Characterization

Mønster via optisk mættede Transitions - fremstilling og karakterisering

This protocol describes the fabrication and characterization of nanostructures using a novel nanolithographic technique called Patterning via Optical ...

Integration of Light Trapping Silver Nanostructures in Hydrogenated Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells by Transfer Printing

Integration af Light fældefangst Sølv Nanostrukturer i hydrogeneret Mikrokrystallinsk silicium solceller ved Transfer Printing

One of the potential applications of metal nanostructures is light trapping in solar cells, where unique optical properties of nanosized metals, commonly ...

Fabrication and Operation of Acoustofluidic Devices Supporting Bulk Acoustic Standing Waves for Sheathless Focusing of Particles

Fabrikation og drift af Acoustofluidic Devices Støtte Bulk Acoustic stående bølger for Sheathless Fokusering af partikler

Acoustophoresis refers to the displacement of suspended objects in response to directional forces from sound energy. Given that the suspended objects must ...

Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators

Fremstilling og karakterisering af superledende Resonatorer

Superconducting microwave resonators are of interest for a wide range of applications, including for their use as microwave kinetic inductance detectors ...

Digital Printing of Titanium Dioxide for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

Digital udskrivning af titandioxid for Dye sensibiliserede solceller

Silicon solar cell manufacturing is an expensive and high energy consuming process. In contrast, dye sensitized solar cell production is less ...

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic&#8211;Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

Morphology Control for Fully Printable OrganicÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œInorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

Morfologi Control til Fuldt Printable Økologisk-Uorganisk Bulk-heterojunction solceller baseret på en Ti-alkoxid og halvledende Polymer

The photoactive layer of a typical organic thin-film bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell commonly uses fullerene derivatives as the electron-accepting ...

In Situ Monitoring of the Accelerated Performance Degradation of Solar Cells and Modules: A Case Study for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells

In Situ Monitoring of the Accelerated Performance Degradation of Solar Cells and Modules: A Case Study for CuIn,GaSe2 Solar Cells

In Situ Overvågning af accelereret ydeevne nedbrydning af solceller og moduler: en Case Study for Cu (i, Ga) Se2 solceller

The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of photovoltaic (PV) systems is determined by, among other factors, the PV module reliability. Better prediction ...

Developing High Performance GaP/Si Heterojunction Solar Cells

Udvikle højtydende hul/Si Heterojunction solceller

To improve the efficiency of Si-based solar cells beyond their Shockley-Queisser limit, the optimal path is to integrate them with III-V-based solar ...