Name: gradient strain chip for stimulating cellular behaviors in cell-laden hydrogel
Uploaded: 2017-08-08T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Gradient Strain Chip for Stimulating Cellular Behaviors in Cell-laden Hydrogel at JoVE.com

Questo progetto è stato sostenuto dal Graduate Student studio all'estero programma (NSC-101-2917-I-007-010); il programma di ingegneria biomedica (NSC-101-2221-E-007-032-MY3); e il programma nazionale di nanotecnologia (NSC-101-2120-M-007-001-), Consiglio nazionale della scienza della Repubblica di Cina, Taiwan. Gli autori vorrei ringraziare Prof Ali Khademhosseini, Unal-Gulden Carafa, Arghya Paul e Ronglih Liao presso la Harvard Medical School per la condivisione della tecnologia di incapsulamento di idrogel e cella.

1. GelMA Synthesis
<ol>
	<li>Weigh 10 g of gelatin powder and add it to a glass flask with 100 mL ofDulbecco&#39;s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS). Put a magnetic stir bar into the flask and place the flask on a stirring hot plate.</li>
	<li>Cover the flask with aluminum foil to avoid water evaporation. Set the hot plate temperature to 50-60 &#176;C and the stirrer at 100 rpm for 1 h to dissolve the gelatin powder well.</li>
	<li>After the gelatin has dissolved, add 8 mL of methacrylic anhydride very slowly (one drop ...

<ol>
	<li>Simmons, C. S., Petzold, B. C., Pruitt, B. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microsystems+for+biomimetic+stimulation+of+cardiac+cells.">Microsystems for biomimetic stimulation of cardiac cells.</a> Lab Chip. 12 (18), 3235-3248 (2012).</li><li>Aubin, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Directed+3D+cell+alignment+and+elongation+in+microengineered+hydrogels.">Directed 3D cell alignment and elongation in microengineered hydrogels.</a> Biomaterials. 31 (27), 6941-6951 (2010).</li><li>Guan, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+stimulation+of+the+cardiac+differentiation+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells+in+tissue+constructs+that+mimic+myocardium+structure+and+biomechanics.">The stimulation of the cardiac differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in tissue constructs that mimic myocardium structure and biomechanics.</a> Biomaterials. 32 (24), 5568-5580 (2011).</li><li>Wan, C. R., Chung, S., Kamm, R. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+of+embryonic+stem+cells+into+cardiomyocytes+in+a+compliant+microfluidic+system.">Differentiation of embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes in a compliant microfluidic system.</a> Ann Biomed Eng. 39 (6), 1840-1847 (2011).</li><li>Huh, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reconstituting+organ-level+lung+functions+on+a+chip.">Reconstituting organ-level lung functions on a chip.</a> Science. 328 (5986), 1662-1668 (2010).</li><li>Li, X., Chu, J. S., Yang, L., Li, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anisotropic+effects+of+mechanical+strain+on+neural+crest+stem+cells.">Anisotropic effects of mechanical strain on neural crest stem cells.</a> Ann. Biomed. Eng. 40 (3), 598-605 (2012).</li><li>Butcher, J. T., Barrett, B. C., Nerem, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Equibiaxial+strain+stimulates+fibroblastic+phenotype+shift+in+smooth+muscle+cells+in+an+engineered+tissue+model+of+the+aortic+wall.">Equibiaxial strain stimulates fibroblastic phenotype shift in smooth muscle cells in an engineered tissue model of the aortic wall.</a> Biomaterials. 27 (30), 5252-5258 (2006).</li><li>Ramon-Azcon, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gelatin+methacrylate+as+a+promising+hydrogel+for+3D+microscale+organization+and+proliferation+of+dielectrophoretically+patterned+cells.">Gelatin methacrylate as a promising hydrogel for 3D microscale organization and proliferation of dielectrophoretically patterned cells.</a> Lab Chip. 12 (16), 2959-2969 (2012).</li><li>Park, S. H., Sim, W. Y., Min, B. H., Yang, S. S., Khademhosseini, A., Kaplan, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chip-Based+Comparison+of+the+Osteogenesis+of+Human+Bone+Marrow-+and+Adipose+Tissue-Derived+Mesenchymal+Stem+Cells+under+Mechanical+Stimulation.">Chip-Based Comparison of the Osteogenesis of Human Bone Marrow- and Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells under Mechanical Stimulation.</a> PLoS One. 7 (9), e46689 (2012).</li><li>Gould, R. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cyclic+Strain+Anisotropy+Regulates+Valvular+Interstitial+Cell+Phenotype+and+Tissue+Remodeling+in+3D+Culture.">Cyclic Strain Anisotropy Regulates Valvular Interstitial Cell Phenotype and Tissue Remodeling in 3D Culture.</a> Acta Biomater. 8 (5), 1710-1719 (2012).</li><li>Kurpinski, K., Chu, J., Hashi, C., Li, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proc+Anisotropic+mechanosensing+by+mesenchymal+stemcells.">Proc Anisotropic mechanosensing by mesenchymal stemcells.</a> Natl Acad Sci USA. 103 (44), 16095-16100 (2006).</li><li>Sim, W. Y., Park, S. W., Park, S. H., Min, B. H., Park, S. R., Yang, S. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+pneumatic+micro+cell+chip+for+the+differentiation+of+human+mesenchymal+stem+cells+under+mechanical+stimulation.">A pneumatic micro cell chip for the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells under mechanical stimulation.</a> Lab Chip. 7 (12), 1775-1782 (2007).</li><li>Vader, D., Kabla, A., Weitz, D., Mahadevan, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Strain-Induced+Alignment+in+Collagen+Gels.">Strain-Induced Alignment in Collagen Gels.</a> PLoS One. 4 (6), e5902 (2009).</li><li>Aguado, B. A., Mulyasasmita, W., Su, J., Lampe, K. J., Heilshorn, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improving+viability+of+stem+cells+during+syringe+needle+flow+through+the+design+of+hydrogel+cell+carriers.">Improving viability of stem cells during syringe needle flow through the design of hydrogel cell carriers.</a> Tissue Eng Part A. 18 (7-8), 806-815 (2012).</li><li>Wan, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfluidic-Based+Synthesis+of+Hydrogel+Particles+for+Cell+Microencapsulation+and+Cell-Based+Drug+Delivery.">Microfluidic-Based Synthesis of Hydrogel Particles for Cell Microencapsulation and Cell-Based Drug Delivery.</a> Polymers. 4 (2), 1084-1108 (2012).</li><li>Moraes, C., Wang, G., Sun, Y., Simmons, C. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+microfabricated+platform+for+high-throughput+unconfined+compression+of+micropatterned+biomaterial+arrays.">A microfabricated platform for high-throughput unconfined compression of micropatterned biomaterial arrays.</a> Biomaterials. 31 (3), 577-584 (2010).</li><li>Keung, A. J., Kumar, S., Schaffer, D. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Presentation+Counts:+Microenvironmental+Regulation+of+Stem+Cells+by+Biophysical+and+Material.+Cues.">Presentation Counts: Microenvironmental Regulation of Stem Cells by Biophysical and Material. Cues.</a> Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 26, 533-556 (2010).</li><li>Segers, V. F., Lee, R. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stem-cell+therapy+for+cardiac+disease.">Stem-cell therapy for cardiac disease.</a> Nature. 451 (7181), 937-942 (2008).</li><li>Hsieh, H. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gradient+static-strain+stimulation+in+a+microfluidic+chip+for+3D+cellular+alignment.">Gradient static-strain stimulation in a microfluidic chip for 3D cellular alignment.</a> Lab Chip. 14 (3), 482-493 (2014).</li></ol>

In questa carta, segnaliamo su un approccio semplice per confrontare il comportamento di allineamento delle cellule dopo idrogel forma di orientamento e di allungamento a trazione. Una membrana flessibile di PDMS crea una curvatura a forma di cupola per la generazione di diverse altezze di idrogeli circolari concentrici. Dopo aver rilasciato la pressione, la membrana PDMS applica automaticamente la forza per il micro-fantasia idrogeli per formare gradiente ceppo/allungamento, con un massimo al centro e un minimo al confi...

Che serve come un blocco di materiale che imita un microambiente nativo, un idrogel contenenti matrice extracellulare (ECM) può ri-costruire impalcature tessuto biomimetici per supportare la crescita delle cellule. Per possedere le funzioni di un tessuto, cellula organizzata allineamento è un requisito essenziale. Vari 2D (cioè, cellule coltivate su una superficie) e 3D (ad esempio, le celle incapsulate in un idrogel) gli allineamenti delle cellule sono stati raggiunti da coltura o incapsulamento di cellule in o su substrati flessibili con micro- o nano-pattern1. Allineamento della cella 3D in microarchitettura è più attraente, come il microambiente è più vicino al tessuto nativo costrutto2,3,4. Un approccio comune per l'allineamento di cella 3D è il cue geometrico di idrogel forma2,3. A causa dello spazio limitato per proliferazione delle cellule nella direzione dell'asse corto, celle obiettivo allineare lungo la direzione di assi lunghi in un idrogel di micro-fantasia. Un altro approccio consiste nell'applicare a trazione Allungamento a idrogel per raggiungere celle allineamento parallelo alla direzione stretch4,5.
Stimolazione biofisica su idrogeli di ECM, come deformazione compressiva o un campo elettrico, può regolare le funzioni delle cellule per integrazione tissutale adeguata, proliferazione e differenziazione1,2,3. Gran parte della ricerca è stato fatto per studiare il comportamento cellulare mediante l'applicazione di una condizione di sforzo alla volta utilizzando più controllo meccanico unità4,6,7,8,9. Ad esempio, l'uso di motori passo-passo meccanico spremuto o allungato su un idrogel di collagene 3D incapsulato delle cellule è stato un approccio comune7,10. Tuttavia, tale apparecchiatura di controllo richiede spazio aggiuntivo e affronta il problema della contaminazione nell'incubatore7,9,11,12. Inoltre, lo strumento di grandi dimensioni non può dare un ambiente di controllo preciso di fornire elevata riproducibilità13.
Considerando che carichi di cella idrogeli sono in genere impiegati su micro-scala per applicazioni biomediche, è vantaggioso per combinare le tecniche MEMS per generare una gamma di stimolazione di ceppo/tratto contemporaneamente studiare i comportamenti delle cellule in 3D biomimetici costrutti in vitro2,14,15,16,17,18. Ad esempio, utilizzando la pressione del gas per deformare la membrana PDMS in chip microfluidici possa dar luogo a vari ceppi, guidando la differenziazione delle cellule a diversi lignaggi9,16. Tuttavia, ci sono molte sfide tecniche, quali i processi di fabbricazione di complicati chip in una camera pulita e il software di integrazione di controllo dei motori, pompe, valvole e gas compressi.
In questo lavoro, dimostriamo un approccio semplice per ottenere un chip di gradiente statico-ceppo microfluidici autosufficiente con l'ausilio di un modello di idrogel circolari concentrici e una membrana flessibile di PDMS. Diversamente dalla maggior parte degli approcci esistenti, la nostra piattaforma è un dispositivo portatile e USA e getta in miniatura che può essere fabbricato fuori una camera gialla e che possiede auto-generazione di gradienti ceppi su concentrici idrogeli incapsulato in cella, senza attrezzature meccaniche esterne durante l'incubazione. Comportamenti di cellulare dei fibroblasti 3T3 influenzata da una combinazione di forma idrogel e una varietà di segnali di orientamento elasticizzato trazione sono stati dimostrati durante l'osservazione di allineamento della cella all'interno di ambienti 3D ECM-mimetici nel chip gradiente di deformazione per 3 giorni.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1383">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">1.5-mL black microcentrifuge tube</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Argos Technologies&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">03-391-161</td>
			<td style="width:665px;">This one can be replaced with a neutral color of 1.5-mL tube covered with aluminun foil</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">10X DPBS</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">56064C</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">Alexa Fluor 488 phalloidin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">A12379&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">BSA</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">A1595</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">Calcein</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Molecular Probe</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">C1430</td>
			<td style="width:665px;">For labeling viable cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">CCD</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">PCO. Imaging</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Pixelfly qe</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">Cell membrane permeating solution</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">X100</td>
			<td style="width:665px;">0.5% Triton X-100 for permeating cell membrane</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">DAPI</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">D8417</td>
			<td style="width:665px;">Cell nucleus staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">Dialysis membrane</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">D9527</td>
			<td style="width:665px;">Molecular weight cut-off = 14,000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">DMEM</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">11995-065</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">Double-side tape</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">8003</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">FBS</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Hyclone</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">SH30071.03</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">Gelatin</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">G2500</td>
			<td style="width:665px;">gel strength 300, type A, from porcine skin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">High frequency electronic corona generator</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Electro-technic products</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">MODEL BD-20</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">Methacrylic Anhydride</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">276685</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">Micro syringe</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Hamilton</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">80501</td>
			<td style="width:665px;">50 &#956;L&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">Microscope</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">IX71</td>
			<td style="width:665px;">Include two filter sets: LF405/LP-B-000 and LF488/LP-C-000 from Semrock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">Oxygen plasma machine</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Harrick plasma</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">PDC-001</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">P6148</td>
			<td style="width:665px;">For fixing cell</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">PDMS</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">DOW CORNING</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Sylgard 184</td>
			<td style="width:665px;">Mixture for PDMS chip cast-molding fabrication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">Pen-Strep</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">10378-016</td>
			<td style="width:665px;">penicillin/streptomycin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">Photoinitiator</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">CIBA</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Irgacure 2959</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">Propidium iodide</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">P4170</td>
			<td style="width:665px;">For labeling dead cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">Sterile Filtration cup</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">SCGPT05RE</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">TMSPMA</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">440159</td>
			<td style="width:665px;">For hydrogel immobilization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">Ultrasonicator</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Delta</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">D150H</td>
			<td style="width:665px;">150W, 43kHz</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">UV light</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">DAIHAN</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">WUV-L10</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">Freeze Dryer</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">FIRSTEK</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">150311025</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">NIH3T3(fibroblast)</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">Food Industry Research and Development Institute(FIRDI)</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">08C0011</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:337px;">MOXI Z Mini Automated Cell Counter</td>
			<td style="width:225px;">ORFLO</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">MXZ001</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

gradient strain chip for stimulating cellular behaviors in cell-laden hydrogel

Guida artificiale per allineamento cellulare è un tema caldo nel campo dell'ingegneria tissutale. La maggior parte della ricerca precedente ha studiato singolo allineamento cellulare indotta da sforzo su un idrogel carichi di cella utilizzando processi sperimentali complessi e controllo impianti di massa, che sono associate solitamente con problemi di contaminazione. Così, in questo articolo, vi proponiamo un approccio semplice per creare un gradiente ceppo statico utilizzando un chip fluidico con una copertura di plastica PDMS e un substrato di vetro trasparente UV per la stimolazione del comportamento cellulare in un idrogel 3D. Sovraccarico prepolimero cella foto-derivativazione nella camera di fluidica può generare una membrana PDMS curva convessa sulla copertina. Dopo reticolazione UV, attraverso un micropattern circolare concentrico sotto la membrana PDMS curvilinea e tampone di lavaggio, un microambiente per inquirente cella comportamenti sotto una varietà di ceppi di gradiente è self-consolidata in un singolo chip fluidico, senza strumenti esterni. Le cellule NIH3T3 sono state dimostrate dopo aver osservato il cambiamento di tendenza allineamento cellulare sotto la Guida di geometria, in collaborazione con stimolazione del ceppo, che varia da 15-65% su idrogel. Dopo 3 giorni di incubazione, la geometria di idrogel dominato l'allineamento della cella sotto sforzo di compressione basso, dove le cellule allineati lungo la direzione di allungamento di idrogel sotto alta deformazione compressiva. Tra questi, le cellule hanno mostrato allineamento casuale a causa della dissipazione del Consiglio radicale di idrogel allungamento e la Guida di geometria dell'idrogel di fantasia.

Per confrontare le variazioni meccaniche tra ogni idrogel circolare nel chip stimolazione ceppo gradiente completato, abbiamo misurato la larghezza di riga di ogni idrogel circolare in due i chip stesso, con volumi di iniezione di 0 µ l (Figura 4a) e 40 µ l (Figura 4b), rispettivamente. Il percentuali allungamenti al ogni cerchio sono stati calcolati dividendo gli allungamenti nel chip 40 µ l-iniettato per la larghezza di riga...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Gradient Strain Chip for Stimulating Cellular Behaviors in Cell-laden Hydrogel at JoVE.com

Gradient Strain Chip for Stimulating Cellular Behaviors in Cell-laden Hydrogel

Questo articolo introduce un approccio semplice per fornire ceppi statici gradiente discontinuo su un idrogel di cella-carichi concentrici per regolare l'allineamento di cella per l'ingegneria tissutale.

Gradiente di deformazione Chip per comportamenti stimolanti cellulari in cella-carichi idrogel

Artificial guidance for cellular alignment is a hot topic in the field of tissue engineering. Most of the previous research has investigated single ...

The overall goal of this gradient strain chip is to provide a simple approach to generate non continuous gradient static strains on a 3D hydrogel for the investigation of cell behaviors under a series of strain conditions. This method can help answer key questions in the bioengineering field such as the stimulations of a stem cell differentiation and the regulation of cellular alignment for artificial tissue organ development. The main advantage of this technique is that various strains can be applied on the cell layer and hydrogels in the same micro environment for comparison of cell behavior.Visual demonstration of this method is critical as the chip preparation steps are difficult to learn since the light should be complete in three to four hours for base of experiment to ensure high cell variability. Weigh 10 grams of gelatin powder and add it to a glass flask with 100 milliliters of Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline, or DPBS. Put a magnetic stir bar into the flask and place the flask on a stirring hot plate.Cover the flask with aluminum foil to avoid water evaporation. Set the hot plate temperature to 50 to 60 degrees and the stirrer at 100 RPM for one hour to dissolve the gelatin powder. After the gelatin has dissolved, add eight milliliters of methacrylic anhydride very slowly using a pipette.Let it react at 60 degrees Celsius for three hours. Then add prewarmed DPBS into the flask to a final volume of 500 milliliters. Allow the solution to mix well for 15 minutes to stop the reaction.Meanwhile cut a dialysis membrane into several 25 millimeter long tubes. Immerse them in deionized water for 15 minutes. And make a knot to close one end of the dialysis tubes.Load the appropriate amount of the polymer solution into the dialysis tubes and close the other end. Then place the filled tubes in a five liter plastic beaker with deionized water for a week. Renew the deionized water twice a day and maintain the solution at 40 to 50 degrees Celsius during the dialysis process.Following dialysis collect the solution from the tubes into a 500 milliliter glass bottle. Pour approximately 450 to 500 milliliters of solution into a 500 milliliter filter cup. And apply a vacuum to force the solution to pass through the filter membrane for sterilization.Then transfer the sterilized polymer into several 50 milliliter sterilized tubes. Transfer the sterilized polymer into several 50 milliliter sterilized tubes and store them in a minus 80 degrees Celsius freezer for three to five days. Freeze dry the minus 80 degrees Celsius polymer for one week using a freeze drier to form GelMA which can then be stored in a minus 80 degree Celsius freezer.For chip fabrication first prepare the polymethacrylate or PMMA, played and molded as described in the text protocol. Then prepare the PTMS cover and PTMS plug by properly mixing 30 grams of PTMS elastomer and three grams of PTMS curing agent. Degas the mixture under a vacuum chamber for one hour.Cast 1.8 to two grams of the mixture into the PMMA mold for the PTMS cover. Also use the appropriate amount to fill each cavity for the PMMA mold for the PTMS plug. In addition cast 10 grams of uncured PTMS mixture in a blank 10 centimeter plastic plate.Put these molds in a vacuum chamber to degas for 30 minutes. Cure the PTMS for two hours at 80 degrees Celsius. After cooling down the cured PTMS on the mold, detach the PTMS covers and the PTMS plugs from the PMMA molds.Next punch two holes with diameters of about three millimeters at the ends of the flow channels of the PTMS covers. Cut the PTMS sheet molded from the 10 centimeter plastic plate into many one centimeter by one centimeter cubes. And punch a three millimeter hole in each PTMS cube.Glue two uncured one centimeter by one centimeter PTMS cubes onto the openings of the PTMS cover to serve as medium reservoirs and to aid in the curing process of the gradient circular hydrogel patterns. Then cure for one hour at 80 degrees Celsius. Next bond the PTMS covers with the two PTMS reservoirs onto a TMSPMA coated slide.To do so, pretreat the bonding side of the PTMS cover and the TMSPMA coated slide under an oxygen plasma machine for 90 seconds of oxygen plasma treatment. Contact the plasma treated surface of the PTMS covers and the TMSPMA slide and press them closely for permanent bonding through the formation of the silicon oxygen silicon bond. Print a photomask by printing the established layout on a transparent film.Then cut the printed photomask to 25 millimeters by 37.5 millimeters in size. Weigh 25 milligrams of freeze dried GelMA into 0.3 milliliters of prewarmed cell culture medium in a 1.5 milliliter black microcentrifuge tube. Put the microcentrifuge tube on a laboratory stirrer hot plate until the GelMA dissolves in the medium.Add 50 milligrams of photoinitiator to one milliliters of DPBS in a microcentrifuge tube. And place it in an 80 degree Celsius oven for 15 minutes or until the photoinitiator has dissolved. Add 25 microliters of the 10%photoinitiator to the microcentrifuge tube.Pipette several times to mix well. Next count three million NIH3T3 cells using an automated cell counter. After centrifuging the suspension at 200 Gs for five minutes discard the supernatant and resuspend the cells in 175 microliters of cell culture medium.Add the cell solution to the microcentrifuge tube to get a pre polymer cell solution of 5%GelMA, 0.5%photoinitiator and about six million 3T3 cells per milliliter. After mixing load 100 microliters of cell prepolymer into a 100 microliter microsyringe. Manually align a piece of the photomask onto the bottom slide of the sterilized gradient strain chip.And simply fix the position using a small drop of deionized water in between. Connect the 100 microliter microsyringe, loaded with prepolymer cell solution to the inlet of the chip. Then place 50 microliters of prepolymer cell solution in the flow channel using the microsyringe and plug the outlet using a PTMS plug.Inject an extra 40 microliters of solution to create a convex bulge in the circular PTMS membrane. Move the chip with the photomask, microsyringe, and PTMS plug to under a UV lamp. And expose it for 30 to 45 seconds to cross link the concentric circular hydrogel in the fluidic chamber.After cross linking remove the PTMS plug and the microsyringe to release the liquid pressure. Use a one milliliter syringe loaded with prewarmed DPBS to wash out uncrosslinked resins three times by flushing from the inlet to the outlet. Next fill the flow channel with about 100 microliters of cell culture medium.Place the chip in a sterilized culture dish and culture in a 5%carbon dioxide atmosphere at 37 degrees Celsius for a week. Refresh the medium every day. Take images of three chips on day zero after four hours of incubation as the control group.And three chips on day three as the experimental set using a microscope with a 20 times objective. Measure the line width of each hydrogel from line one to line 12 using software to calculate the compress stains. Shown here are representative results of hydrogel patterns with zero microliter and 40 microliters over injection, after UV cross linking and four hour incubation.The line width of the 3D hydrogel in the non over injection control looks uniform as expected. However the hydrogel patterns with 40 microliters over injection gives a gradient line width of hydrogels decreasing from line one to line 12. After three days of incubation, the cells in the hydrogel extend to different directions.The cells in line one align along the radial direction due to the stimulation of hydrogel elongation. On the contrary the cells in line 12 align along the hydrogel shape where the geometry cue dominates the cellular alignment. There is no specific cell alignment in line 7 where the two cellular alignment cues of line one and line 12 balance each other out.Once measuring the micro environment of gradient strains on 3D hydrogel can be done by the gradient strain chip in two hours if it's performed properly. While attempting this procedure, it is important to remember to sterilize the gradient strain chip before loading the cell prepolymer solution. Also thoroughly wipe the surface of the chip with 75%ethanol before placing the chips into the cell culture incubator.After watching this video you should have a very good understanding of how to generate a gradient strain chip to investigate cell behaviors under different strains imperial.

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Encapsulation of Cardiomyocytes in a Fibrin Hydrogel for Cardiac Tissue Engineering

Incapsulamento di cardiomiociti in un idrogel di fibrina per l&#39;ingegneria tissutale cardiaca

Culturing cells in a three dimensional hydrogel environment is an important technique for developing constructs for tissue engineering as well as studying ...

Ricerca

Bioingegneria

Cellular Lipid Extraction for Targeted Stable Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Estrazione dei lipidi cellulari per analisi mirate Stabile diluizione isotopica cromatografia liquida-spettrometria di massa

The metabolism of fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA), results in the formation of oxidized bioactive lipids, including ...

Electrotaxis Studies of Lung Cancer Cells using a Multichannel Dual-electric-field Microfluidic Chip

Electrotaxis Studi di polmone cellule tumorali usando un Multicanale Dual-campo elettrico Microfluidic Chip

The behavior of directional cell migration under a direct current electric-field (dcEF) is referred to as electrotaxis. The significant role of ...

Construction of Modular Hydrogel Sheets for Micropatterned Macro-scaled 3D Cellular Architecture

Costruzione di fogli modulare idrogel per micropatterned macro-scala 3D Cellular Architettura

Hydrogels can be patterned at the micro-scale using microfluidic or micropatterning technologies to provide an in vivo-like three-dimensional (3D) tissue ...

Improved 3D Hydrogel Cultures of Primary Glial Cells for In Vitro Modelling of Neuroinflammation

Improved 3D Hydrogel Cultures of Primary Glial Cells for In Vitro Modelling of Neuroinflammation

Migliorata 3D idrogel culture di cellule gliali primari In Vitro modellazione del Neuroinflammation

In the central nervous system, numerous acute injuries and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as implanted devices or biomaterials engineered to enhance ...

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Reprimere la trascrizione genica reindirizzando macchinario cellulare con modificatori epigenetici chimici

Regulation of chromatin compaction is an important process that governs gene expression in higher eukaryotes. Although chromatin compaction and gene ...

A Microfluidic Platform for Stimulating Chondrocytes with Dynamic Compression

Una piattaforma microfluidica per stimolare i condrociti con la compressione dinamica

Mechanical stimuli are known to modulate biological functions of cells and tissues. Recent studies have suggested that compressive stress alters growth ...

Pancreatic Tissue-Derived Extracellular Matrix Bioink for Printing 3D Cell-Laden Pancreatic Tissue Constructs

Bioinchiostro a matrice extracellulare derivato dal tessuto pancreatico per la stampa di costrutti di tessuto pancreatico 3D Cell-Laden

The transplantation of pancreatic islets is a promising treatment for patients who suffer from type 1 diabetes accompanied by hypoglycemia and secondary ...

High Throughput Yeast Strain Phenotyping with Droplet-Based RNA Sequencing

Phenotipizzazione del ceppo di lievito ad alta velocità effettiva con sequenziamento dell'RNA basato su droplet

The powerful tools available to edit yeast genomes have made this microbe a valuable platform for engineering. While it is now possible to construct ...