Name: analysis of line-1 retrotransposition at the single nucleus level
Uploaded: 2016-04-23T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level at JoVE.com

This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES014443 and ES017274) and AstraZeneca to KSR.

주 : 달리 명시되지 않는 한 모든 단계는 실온에서 수행한다. 개별 시약을 준비하는 방법에 대한 자세한 내용은 시약 섹션을 참조하십시오. 1. 레이블 L1 프로브 참고 : 프로브는 화학 물질 또는 PCR 라벨로 표시 할 수 있습니다. <ol><li> 화학 표시 <ol><li> 에티 디움 브로마이드 (0.5 μg의 / ㎖)를 추가 한 후 용융 할 때까지 전자 레인지에 ?...

<ol>
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이러한 전체 게놈 시퀀싱, 역 PCR 및 남부 블롯 같은 방법론은 L1의 레트로 트랜스을 연구하기 위해 사용되어왔다. 이 방법은 L1 삽입은 게놈 내에서 발생하는 곳의 위치에서 매우 가치가 있지만, 그들 모두에 대한 혼란 문제는 순서를 재 조립하기에 실리 프로그래밍의 필요성이다. 여기에 설명 된 FISH 방법은 특히 배양 된 세포에서의 이소성 L1 레트로 트랜스의 분?...

인간의 긴 산재 핵 요소-1 (라인-1 또는 L1) 레트로 트랜스 메커니즘을 관통 게놈 내에서 전파 &quot;복사 및 붙여 넣기&quot;자율 이동 요소입니다. 일반적인 인간의 L1은 ~ 6킬로바이트 길고 프로모터 역할을하는 5&#39;UTR (번역되지 않은 지역)으로 구성되어, 두 개의 오픈 리딩 프레임 (ORF를) L1 -ORF1 및 L1 -ORF2 및 폴리 -A와 3&#39;UTR . 코일 코일 도메인, RNA 인식 모티브와 C 터미널 도메인, L1 -ORF2 단백질이 효소를 가지고있는 동안, 효소 및 시스테인이 풍부한 도메인 1,2,3,4,5 역 : 꼬리 L1 -ORF1 단백질은 세 가지 영역이 있습니다. L1 -ORF2는 레트로 트랜스 1,2,6 모두 필요 단백질, 효소 활성을 제공하지만 L1 -ORF1는 핵산 샤페론 활성을 나타낸다. L1의 레트로 트랜스의주기는 L1의 5&#39;UTR에서 전사로 시작 </EM&gt; RNA 중합 효소 II, 전위 세포질로, 번역에 의해 bicistronic mRNA를. 세포질에서, L1 -ORF1 나타낸다 하나는 다른 RNA를 패키지화 그 자체 RNA 패키지화 시스 - 결합 또는 트랜스 - 결합 (즉, SINE은 / SVAS / 가유)는 L1 -ORF2p 7와 리보 입자 (RNP)을 형성 할 8. 즉 프라이밍 역전사 효소에 의해 사용 턴이고, 기 (9) 및 3 &#39;말단에서 DNA으로서 합성 된 RNA를 역 - RNP들에는 L1 -ORF2p 닉스 게놈 DNA (gDNA를)의 효소 활성은 OH를 노출 핵으로 이동시키다. 역 합성 중에 DNA의 두번째 가닥 서명 L1 삽입 서열 (예 TTTTAA)라는 목표 부위 중복 (TSD) 9,10 형성 채워진다 태거 나누기 만들 원래 닉 사이트 7-20 혈압 새김된다. 이 과정은 대상 주요 역 전사 (TPRT)로 알려져 inserti에 이르게된다삽입 된 시퀀스의 양쪽 끝에서 TSDs와 L1 / 다른 DNA를 전체 또는 절단 된 사본에. L1의 레트로 트랜스도를 통해 매개되는 것으로 나타났다 비 동종 최종 합류 일부 세포 유형 11 TPRT처럼. 우리의 연구에서 사용 된 L1의 레트로 트랜스 벡터가 아닌 에피 솜과 태그 L1 -ORF1 &amp; 2P 결합 CMV-L1-5&#39;UTR 프로모터에 의해 구동 (그림 1) (12)로 구성되어 있습니다. 이 구조의 이전 버전 효모 및 인간의 세포 배양 13,14,15를 사용하여 연구에 기재되어있다. 3 &#39;말단이 접합 및 통합 후 네오 마이신의 발현을 유도하기 위해 반대 방향으로 배치하여 5&#39;및 3 &#39;에있는 두 가지 CMV 프로모터는 벡터의 끝납니다. 3 &#39;말단에서의 레트로 트랜스 표시 카세트 L1 -ORFs에 네오 마이신 유전자 삽입 안티센스 구성 및 글로브에 의해 두 부분으로 분리하여 비활성 렌더링접합 기증자 (SD)과 접합 수용체 (SA) 사이트 (그림 1)과 인트론있다. 염색체 내로 통합되면, L1은 bicistronic mRNA의 비활성 마이신 mRNA에 구성된의 mRNA를 생산하는 일반 프로모터로부터 전사된다. RNA 프로세싱 동안에, 글로빈 인트론은 완전히 기능 네오 마이신 유전자를 복원하는 네오 마이신 유전자에서 접합된다. 하이브리드의 mRNA는 시스의 RNP로 포장이 TPRT를 사용하여 전체 길이 또는 절단하거나 삽입 등의 게놈에 통합되어 핵으로 전좌된다. 여기에서 우리는 하나의 핵 수준에서 L1의 -retrotransposiition 패턴과 삽입 속도를 추적하기 위해 특별히 접합 네오 마이신 유전자 (SNeo)에 지시 프로브와 현장 하이브리드 (FISH)에서 형광을 사용하는 방법을 설명합니다. 효율성과 검출 특이도는 탐지하는 능력 레트로 트랜스와 무능 구조 및 프로브를 사용하여 확인 하였다요법 SNeo 또는 ​​인트론 접합 (16) 글로빈 네오 마이신합니다. 이 방법은 복수의 삽입, 콜로니 저항 양호한 클론 확장으로서 세포 배양 계 레트로 트랜스 분석법의 단점 중 일부를 차지한다.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Labeling Probes</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Go Tag DNA polymerase</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>M3178</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GO Tag 10X colorless buffer</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>M3178</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Individual dNTP</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>DNTP10</td>
			<td>Adjust the concentration of dATP, dGTP, dCTP to 2mM and dTTP to 1.5mM&#160; in nuclease free water.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;dUTP-16-Biotin (0.5mM)</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>11093070910</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dUTP-FITC (0.5mM)</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>R0101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dUTP-CY3 (0.5mM)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>GEPA53022</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MIRUS FISH Labeling Kit</td>
			<td>MIRUS</td>
			<td>MIR3625</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MIRUS FISH Labeling Kit</td>
			<td>MIRUS</td>
			<td>MIR3225</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NucleoSpin PCR Clean-Up kit&#160;</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>1410/0030</td>
			<td>Any PCR clean reagent can be used in place of NucleoSpin PCR Clean Up Kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PCR Machine</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Any Thermocycler machine can be used to amplify the label product.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agarose</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A9539</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Preparing chromosome Spreads.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; Colcemid&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies&#160;</td>
			<td>15212-012</td>
			<td>Add Colcemid directly to growth media&#160; to a final concentration of 0.4 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1M KCl</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P9541</td>
			<td>Dilute 1M KCl solution to 75 mM solution to make Hypotonic Solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carnoy Fixative Solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Mix 3 volumes of methanol and 1 volume of acetic acid to make Carnoy Fixative Solution. Make Fresh everytime.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methanol</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>322415</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>320099</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hoechst-33342</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>62249</td>
			<td>Dissolve Hoechst-33342 in PBS to final concentration of 1 mg/mL.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diamond Point Marker</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>750</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Frosted Slides</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>2951-001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin-EDTA (0.25%)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies&#160;</td>
			<td>R001100</td>
			<td>To detech cells, incubate cell in Trypsin for 5 mins and inactive with equal volume of complete media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cover slides&#160;</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>48366067</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coplin Jars</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>107</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;Heat Block</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Any heat block can be used for this purpose, though blocks fitted for heating slides are recommended.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;Beaker (600ml)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>CLS1003600</td>
			<td>Fill the beaker with water, heat to boil, use the hot steam to burst chromosomes.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nikon Microscope</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>125690</td>
			<td>Any microscope can be used to look at spread quality.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reagents and Materials for FISH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trisodium citrate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S1804</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Chroride</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S3014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formamide</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>F9037</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween-20</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>F1379</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Detran Sulfate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D8906</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SDS</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>L3771</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Salmon Sperm DNA</td>
			<td>Life Technologies&#160;</td>
			<td>15632-011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A8531</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HCl (N)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>38283</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethyl Alcohol</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>459844</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methanol</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>322415</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DPBS</td>
			<td>Life Technologies&#160;</td>
			<td>14190-250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaOH</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S8045</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rnase A</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>R4642</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pepsin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P6887</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde (PFA)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P6148</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hoechst-33342</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>62249</td>
			<td>Dissolve Hoechst-33342 in PBS to final concentration of 1 mg/mL.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rubber Cement/Cytobond Sealant&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>2020-00-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Seven Coplin Jars</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>107</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160; Dark Humidified chamber</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>CLS2551</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cover slides&#160;</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>48366067</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dry Digital Heat Block</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>13259</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;Fluorescence Microscope</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20X Saline-Sodium Citrate (20X SSC)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Combine 175 g of NaCl, and 88.2 g of trisodium citrate with 800 mL of molecular grade H2O. Stir while adjusting to pH 7. Once the all salts dissolve, adjust the volume to 1 L and filter through 0.22 &#181;m Filter paper. Store at 4 &#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;1mg/mL of Rnase A</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dilute 20X SSC buffer to 2X SSC buffer. Dissolve RNase A in 2X SSC buffer to a final concentration of 1 mg/mL. Make fresh solution every time.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1% Pepsin</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dissolve&#160; pepsin (W/V) in 10 mM HCl to a final concentration of 1 % solution. Make fresh every time.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4% Paraformaldehyde (4% PFA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Weigh 4.0 g of PFA in fume hood, add 50 mL of 1xPBS, heat to 60 &#176;C while stirring and adjust the pH with drops of NaOH until all PFA dissolves and the solution becomes clear. Adjust the volume to 100 mL, filter through 0.22 &#181;m Filter paper and store 5 mL aliquots at -20 &#176;C. Thaw aliquot of PFA at 37 &#176;C for 10-15 min for subsequent uses.&#160; Adjust filter size depending on amount of paraformaldehyde.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wash Buffer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Combine 100 mL of Formamide (20%) with 2.5 mL of 20X SSC, adjust to pH 7 with 1.0 M HCl and bring the volume to 500 mL with molecular grade H2O.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hybridization Buffer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Combine 50% formamide, 10% dextran sulfate, 0.1% SDS, and 300 ng/mL Salmon Sperm DNA in 2X SSC buffer.&#160; Amount of Formamide determine how focused chromatids are, titrate the amount&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Detection Buffer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dilute 20X SSC buffer to 4X and add 0.2% Tween-20 to make detection buffer.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blocking Buffer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Combine 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) with 0.2% Tween-20 in 4X SSC buffer.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dehydrating Solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Make 70%, 80%, and 95% ethanol solutions.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

analysis of line-1 retrotransposition at the single nucleus level

Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (Line-1 or L1) accounts for approximately 17% of the DNA present in the human genome. While the majority of L1s are inactive due to 5' truncations, ~80-100 of these elements remain retrotransposition competent and propagate to different locations throughout the genome via RNA intermediates. While older L1s are believed to target AT rich regions of the genome, the chromosomal targets of newer, more active L1s remain poorly defined. Here we describe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) methodology that can be used to track patterns of L1 insertion and rates of ectopic L1 incorporation at the single nucleus level. In these experiments, fluorescein isothiocyanate/cyanine-3 (FITC/CY3) labeled neomycin probes were employed to track L1 retrotransposition in vitro in HepG2 cells stably expressing ectopic L1. This methodology prevents errors in the estimation of rates of retrotransposition posed by toxicity and account for the occurrence of multiple insertions into a single nucleus.

L1의 레트로 트랜스 벡터의 개략도는도 1에 제시되어있다. 벡터는 센스 방향의 글로빈 인트론에 의해 중단 및 SD 및 SA 사이트에서 끼워 L1의 ORF에 안티센스 방향 네오 마이신 유전자로 구성된다. 안정적으로 염색체에 통합하면, L1의 mRNA가 결합 된 CMV 및 L1-5&#39;UTR 프로모터 (그림 1)에서 전사한다. RNA 프로세싱 동안에, 글로빈 인?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level at JoVE.com

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level

단일 핵 수준에서 LINE-1 레트로 트랜스 분석

여기에서 우리는 안정적으로 합성 LINE-1을 표현 인 HepG2 세포주의 염색체 스프레드에서 하나의 핵 수준에서 LINE-1 레트로 트랜스을 추적하기 위해 FISH 방법을 사용한다.

Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (Line-1 or L1) accounts for approximately 17% of the DNA present in the human genome. While the majority of L1s are ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Method for Measurement of Viral Fusion Kinetics at the Single Particle Level

단일 입자 수준에서 바이러스성 퓨전 속도론의 측정 방법

Membrane fusion is an essential step during entry of enveloped viruses into cells. Conventional fusion assays typically report on a large number of fusion ...

연구

생물학

Direct Analysis of Single Cells by Mass Spectrometry at Atmospheric Pressure

대기압에서 질량 분석법에 의해 단일 ​​세포의 직접 분석

Analysis of biochemicals in single cells is important for understanding cell metabolism, cell cycle, adaptation, disease states, etc. Even the same cell ...

Studying Proteolysis of Cyclin B at the Single Cell Level in Whole Cell Populations

전체 세포 인구의 단일 셀 수준에서 Cyclin B의 Proteolysis 유학

Equal distribution of chromosomes between the two daughter cells during cell division is a prerequisite for guaranteeing genetic stability 1. Inaccuracies ...

Efficient Agroinfiltration of Plants for High-level Transient Expression of Recombinant Proteins

재조합 단백질의 높은 수준의 과도 발현 식물의 효율적인 Agroinfiltration

Mammalian cell culture is the major platform for commercial production of human vaccines and therapeutic proteins. However, it cannot meet the increasing ...

Analysis of Global RNA Synthesis at the Single Cell Level following Hypoxia

저산소증에 따라 단일 세포 수준에서 글로벌 RNA의 합성 분석

Hypoxia or lowering of the oxygen availability is involved in many physiological and pathological processes. At the molecular level, cells initiate a ...

CUBIC Protocol Visualizes Protein Expression at Single Cell Resolution in Whole Mount Skin Preparations

CUBIC 프로토콜 전체 마운트 피부 준비 단일 셀 해상도에서 단백질 발현을 시각화합니다

The skin is essential for our survival. The outer epidermal layer consists of the interfollicular epidermis, which is a stratified squamous epithelium ...

Analysis of Beta-cell Function Using Single-cell Resolution Calcium Imaging in Zebrafish Islets

Zebrafish 독도에서 단일 셀 해상도 칼슘 이미징 사용 하 여 베타 세포 기능 분석

Pancreatic beta-cells respond to increasing blood glucose concentrations by secreting the hormone insulin. The dysfunction of beta-cells leads to ...

Visualizing the Interaction Between the Qdot-labeled Protein and Site-specifically Modified &#955; DNA at the Single Molecule Level

Visualizing the Interaction Between the Qdot-labeled Protein and Site-specifically Modified ÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â» DNA at the Single Molecule Level

Qdot 표시 된 단백질과 단일 분자 수준에서 Site-specifically 수정된 λ DNA 사이 상호 작용을 시각화

The fluorescence microscopy&#160;has made great contributions in dissecting the mechanisms of complex biological processes at the single molecule level. ...

Probing mRNA Kinetics in Space and Time in Escherichia coli using Two-Color Single-Molecule Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Probing mRNA Kinetics in Space and Time in Escherichia coli using Two-Color Single-Molecule Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

시투 혼성화에서 2색 단일 분자 형광을 사용하여 에샤리치아 대장균의 공간과 시간에서 mRNA 운동학을 프로빙

Single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) allows for counting the absolute number of mRNAs in individual cells. Here, we describe an ...