Name: encapsulation of cancer therapeutic agent dacarbazine using nanostructured lipid carrier
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Encapsulation of Cancer Therapeutic Agent Dacarbazine Using Nanostructured Lipid Carrier at JoVE.com

著者らは、研究を可能とするためにサウジアラビアの資金による奨学金（I821）を認めます。著者らは、クランフィールド大学のTEM分析の専門家支援のための博士Xianwei劉に感謝しています。

水中油型エマルジョンの調製<ol><li>パルミトステアリン酸グリセリル（120 mg）を、ミリスチン酸イソプロピル（60 mg）を、D-αトコフェロールポリエチレングリコールサクシネート（30 mg）を大豆レシチン（30 mg）を秤量し、有機溶剤の12.5ミリリットル（6.25 mlのアセトンおよび6.25に追加mlのエタノール）。迅速水浴中で温度70°C（固体脂質の融点より5℃）で混合物を溶解します。 </li><li>上記?...

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	<li>Loo, T. L., Housholder, G. E., Gerulath, A. H., Saunders, P. H., Farquhar, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanism+of+action+and+pharmacology+studies+with+DTIC+(NSC+45388).">Mechanism of action and pharmacology studies with DTIC (NSC 45388).</a> Cancer Treat Rep. 60 (2), 149-152 (1976).</li><li>Behringer, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Omission+of+dacarbazine+or+bleomycin,+or+both,+from+the+ABVD+regimen+in+treatment+of+early-stage+favourable+Hodgkin's+lymphoma+(GHSG+HD13):+An+open-label,+randomised,+non-inferiority+trial.">Omission of dacarbazine or bleomycin, or both, from the ABVD regimen in treatment of early-stage favourable Hodgkin's lymphoma (GHSG HD13): An open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial.</a> The Lancet. 385 (9976), 1418-1427 (2014).</li><li>Carvajal, R. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+phase+2+randomised+study+of+ramucirumab+(IMC-1121B)+with+or+without+dacarbazine+in+patients+with+metastatic+melanoma.">A phase 2 randomised study of ramucirumab (IMC-1121B) with or without dacarbazine in patients with metastatic melanoma.</a> Eur J Cancer. 50 (12), 2099-2107 (2014).</li><li>Jiang, G., Li, R., Sun, C., Liu, Y., Zheng, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dacarbazine+combined+targeted+therapy+versus+dacarbazine+alone+in+patients+with+malignant+melanoma:+A+meta-analysis.">Dacarbazine combined targeted therapy versus dacarbazine alone in patients with malignant melanoma: A meta-analysis.</a> PLoS ONE. 9 (12), (2014).</li><li>Lazar, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sorafenib+plus+dacarbazine+in+solid+tumors:+A+phase+i+study+with+dynamic+contrast-enhanced+ultrasonography+and+genomic+analysis+of+sequential+tumor+biopsy+samples.">Sorafenib plus dacarbazine in solid tumors: A phase i study with dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and genomic analysis of sequential tumor biopsy samples.</a> Invest New Drugs. 32 (2), 312-322 (2014).</li><li>Niemeijer, N. 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F., Gohla, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterisation+of+a+novel+solid+lipid+nanoparticle+carrier+system+based+on+binary+mixtures+of+liquid+and+solid+lipids.">Characterisation of a novel solid lipid nanoparticle carrier system based on binary mixtures of liquid and solid lipids.</a> Int J Pharm. 199 (2), 167-177 (2000).</li><li>M&#252;ller, R. H., Radtke, M., Wissing, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanostructured+lipid+matrices+for+improved+microencapsulation+of+drugs.">Nanostructured lipid matrices for improved microencapsulation of drugs.</a> Int J Pharm. 242 (1-2), 121-128 (2002).</li><li>Pouton, C. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lipid+formulations+for+oral+administration+of+drugs:+Non-emulsifying,+self-emulsifying+and+'self-microemulsifying'+drug+delivery+systems.">Lipid formulations for oral administration of drugs: Non-emulsifying, self-emulsifying and 'self-microemulsifying' drug delivery systems.</a> Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 11 (Suppl. 2), S93-S98 (2000).</li><li>Jores, K., Mehnert, W., Drechsler, M., Bunjes, H., Johann, C., M&#228;der, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Investigations+on+the+structure+of+solid+lipid+nanoparticles+(SLN)+and+oil-loaded+solid+lipid+nanoparticles+by+photon+correlation+spectroscopy,+field-flow+fractionation+and+transmission+electron+microscopy.">Investigations on the structure of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and oil-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles by photon correlation spectroscopy, field-flow fractionation and transmission electron microscopy.</a> J Controlled Release. 95 (2), 217-227 (2004).</li><li>Almousallam, M., Zhu, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Encapsulation+of+cancer+therapeutic+agent+dacarbazine+using+nanostructured+lipid+carrier.">Encapsulation of cancer therapeutic agent dacarbazine using nanostructured lipid carrier.</a> Int nano lett. , (2015).</li><li>Ng, W. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thymoquinone-loaded+nanostructured+lipid+carrier+exhibited+cytotoxicity+towards+breast+cancer+cell+lines+(MDA-MB-231+and+MCF-7)+and+cervical+cancer+cell+lines+(HeLa+and+SiHa).">Thymoquinone-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier exhibited cytotoxicity towards breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa and SiHa).</a> BioMed Research International. , (2015).</li><li>Sun, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quercetin-nanostructured+lipid+carriers:+Characteristics+and+anti-breast+cancer+activities+in+vitro.">Quercetin-nanostructured lipid carriers: Characteristics and anti-breast cancer activities in vitro.</a> Colloids Surf., B. 113, 15-24 (2014).</li><li>Savla, R., Garbuzenko, O. B., Chen, S., Rodriguez-Rodriguez, L., Minko, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tumor-Targeted+Responsive+Nanoparticle-Based+Systems+for+Magnetic+Resonance+Imaging+and+Therapy.">Tumor-Targeted Responsive Nanoparticle-Based Systems for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Therapy.</a> Pharm Res. 31 (12), 3487-3502 (2014).</li><li>Chen, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Formulation,+characterization,+and+evaluation+of+in+vitro+skin+permeation+and+in+vivo+pharmacodynamics+of+surface-charged+tripterine-loaded+nanostructured+lipid+carriers.">Formulation, characterization, and evaluation of in vitro skin permeation and in vivo pharmacodynamics of surface-charged tripterine-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers.</a> Int J Nanomedicine. 7, 3023 (2012).</li><li>Sanna, V., Caria, G., Mariani, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+lipid+nanoparticles+containing+fatty+alcohols+having+different+chain+length+on+the+ex+vivo+skin+permeability+of+Econazole+nitrate.">Effect of lipid nanoparticles containing fatty alcohols having different chain length on the ex vivo skin permeability of Econazole nitrate.</a> Powder Technol. 201 (1), 32-36 (2010).</li><li>Brigger, I., Dubernet, C., Couvreur, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanoparticles+in+cancer+therapy+and+diagnosis.">Nanoparticles in cancer therapy and diagnosis.</a> Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 54 (5), 631-651 (2002).</li><li>Visaria, R. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhancement+of+tumor+thermal+therapy+using+gold+nanoparticle-assisted+tumor+necrosis+factor-a+delivery.">Enhancement of tumor thermal therapy using gold nanoparticle-assisted tumor necrosis factor-a delivery.</a> Mol Cancer Ther. 5 (4), 1014-1020 (2006).</li><li>Tripathi, A., Gupta, R., Saraf, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PLGA+nanoparticles+of+anti+tubercular+drug:+Drug+loading+and+release+studies+of+a+water+in-soluble+drug.">PLGA nanoparticles of anti tubercular drug: Drug loading and release studies of a water in-soluble drug.</a> Int J PharmTech Res. 2 (3), 2116-2123 (2010).</li><li>Joshi, M., Patravale, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanostructured+lipid+carrier+(NLC)+based+gel+of+celecoxib.">Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) based gel of celecoxib.</a> Int J Pharm. 346 (1-2), 124-132 (2008).</li><li>Lim, W. M., Rajinikanth, P. S., Mallikarjun, C., Kang, Y. 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Part III. physicochemical characterization.</a> AAPS PharmSciTech. 11 (3), 1243-1249 (2010).</li><li>Lei, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dual+drug+encapsulation+in+a+novel+nano-vesicular+carrier+for+the+treatment+of+cutaneous+melanoma:+Characterization+and+in+vitro/in+vivo+evaluation.">Dual drug encapsulation in a novel nano-vesicular carrier for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma: Characterization and in vitro/in vivo evaluation.</a> RSC Advances. 5 (26), (2015).</li></ol>

脂質ベースのナノ構造粒子は、疎水性薬物の送達のための高度に親油性の担体を提供するために利用されてきました。 NLCは、室温と体温で固体である固体脂質ナノ構造担体の第二世代です。あまり完璧な結晶でNLC結果で液体脂質への固体脂質の取り込みは、このような薬物積載効率を高め、また、保存中に封入された薬物の放出を減少させます。 NLC合成のために、最も...

ダカルバジン（DAC）は、細胞周期の停止および細胞死をもたらす1、核酸のメチル化または直接DNA損傷を介した抗腫瘍活性を発揮するアルキル化剤です。 最初の行の化学療法剤としては、DACは、単独で、または様々な癌2-6を治療するための他の化学療法剤と組み合わせて使用されてきました。それは、これまで皮膚癌3,7,8の最も積極的な形態であり、皮膚および転移性黒色腫の治療に使用される最も活性剤です。応答速度は、しかしながら、せいぜい20％のみであり、治療効果は、多くの場合、重篤な全身性副作用を伴います。 その天然の形態では、DACは親水性であり、原因でその感光9に不安定です。臨床使用のためにのみ利用可能式は、現在、静脈内注入の7,8用サスペンションに使用する無菌の粉末です。低い回答率と高い全身毒性rを薬の食べた薬剤10の最大投与量を制限する、大部分が標的部位で、したがって低可用性、その難水溶性に起因し、非標的部位で高い分布です。薬剤耐性の発生と一緒に静脈内入学後の迅速な分解と代謝が臨床応用と薬剤11の治療効果を制限します。したがって、悪性黒色腫を治療するための代替のDAC製剤を開発することが急務です。 らの潜在的な薬物担体としての12ナノ粒子が10年間で注目を増加集めているによる薬物負荷を増加させる能力にMarileneによってレビューとしてリポソームを含むコロイド系は、ミセルまたはナノ構造粒子が集中的薬物送達におけるそれらの使用のために検討されています効率は、薬物動態及び生体内分布を改善し、薬物放出を制御するため、R薬全身毒性13を引き出します。ほんの数nanoformulationsは、しかしながら、フォト変性、増大した薬物溶解性、及び改善された治療効果10,14,15からの薬物の保護を示すと、DACの送達のためにこれまでに研究されてきました。しかし、いくつかはまた、費用対効果がされていない合成ポリマーナノ粒子を用いながら、低カプセル化効率に苦しんでこれらの製剤。 固体及び液体脂質の混合物からなるナノ構造脂質担体（NLC）は、薬物送達16,17のために開発されています。カプセル化される薬物は、高い負荷が生じるとリリース19を制御し、多くの場合、液体脂質および固形脂質相18の両方に可溶性です。この研究は、パルミトステアリン酸グリセリルや脂質などのミリスチン酸イソプロピルを使用して、NLC-カプセル化に基づいて、新しいDAC製剤を開発することを目的とします。調製関与する水中油型エマルジョン、蒸発、凝固、およびhomogenization個。調製物は、NLCのサイズ、形状、超微細構造、および分散、薬物封入効率および薬物負荷20のために特徴付けられています。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="968">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Dacarbazine (DAC)</td>
			<td style="width:467px;">Sigma Aldrich (Gillingham Dorset, UK)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D2390-100MG</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">drug used for uploading</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">glyceryl palmitostearate&#160;</td>
			<td>Gattefoss&#233; (Saint_Priest_c&#233;dex, France)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">85251-77-0</td>
			<td>solid lipid&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">d-&#945;- Tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich (Gillingham Dorset, UK)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">57668</td>
			<td>lipid phase surfactant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Poloxamer 188</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich (Gillingham Dorset, UK)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15759-1KG</td>
			<td>liqiud phase surfactant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Acetone&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich (Gillingham Dorset, UK)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">650501-1L</td>
			<td>organic solvent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ethanol&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich (Gillingham Dorset, UK)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">459836-1L</td>
			<td>organic solvent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Soybean lecithin (SL)</td>
			<td>Cuisine Innovation (Dijon, France)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SLL1402</td>
			<td>lipid phase surfactant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Double-distilled water was collected in our laboratory from</td>
			<td>Millipore-Q Gradient A10 ultra-pure water system (Millipore, France)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SAS - 67120&#160;</td>
			<td>aqueous phase&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">T 25 digital ULTRA-TURRAX</td>
			<td style="width:467px;">IKA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3725000</td>
			<td>as high shear disperser</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Hotplate Magnetic Stirrer</td>
			<td>Scientific Support, Inc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1454&#160;</td>
			<td>emulsion homogenization</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

encapsulation of cancer therapeutic agent dacarbazine using nanostructured lipid carrier

臨床的に使用されているダカルバジン（DAC）の唯一の式が原因で、水溶液中の薬物の低分散性に乏しい治療プロフィールを提示し、静脈内注入です。これを克服するために、パルミトステアリン酸グリセリル及びミリスチン酸イソプロピルからなるナノ構造脂質担体（NLC）はダックをカプセル化するために開発されました。制御されたサイズのNLCsのは、水中油型エマルジョンの凝固以下の高せん断分散（HSD）を用いて達成されました。 HSDの界面活性剤濃度、速度、時間などの合成パラメータは、それぞれ155±10nmで、0​​.2±0.01、および-43.4±2 mVで、サイズ、多分散指数とゼータ電位と最小NLCを達成するように最適化しました。最適なパラメータは、DAC-ロードNLC調製のために用いました。ダックを搭載した、得られたNLCは190±10nmで、0​​.2±0.01、それぞれ-43.5±1.2 mVの、の大きさ、多分散指数及びゼータ電位を有していました。薬物封入EFFICIENCYおよび薬物負荷は、それぞれ、98％および14％に達しました。これは、NLCは、DACの治療プロフィールを改善するために、薬物担体としての新たな潜在的な候補であり得ることを示唆しているNLCを使用して、DACのカプセル化に関する最初の報告です。

異なるパラメータでパルミトステアリン酸グリセリルおよびミリスチン酸イソプロピルを使用して、NLCとNLC-DACの製剤はPS、PDI、形態および超微細構造20について特徴付けました。 PSおよびNLCsののPDIは、界面活性剤濃度、HSD速度と持続時間依存性でした。 PSおよびNLCsののPDIによって判断されるように、最良の結果が1界面活性剤の％、従ってwwew NLCのための最適?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Encapsulation of Cancer Therapeutic Agent Dacarbazine Using Nanostructured Lipid Carrier at JoVE.com

Encapsulation of Cancer Therapeutic Agent Dacarbazine Using Nanostructured Lipid Carrier

ナノ構造脂質担体（NLC）を合成するための最も一般的に使用される方法は、水中油型エマルジョン、均質化および凝固を含みます。これは、ダカルバジンの送達のための潜在的な担体として薬物封入および薬物積載効率を改善し、望ましいサイズのNLCを達成するために、固化した後、高剪断分散液を塗布することによりここに変更されました。

ナノ構造脂質キャリアを使用した癌治療剤ダカルバジンのカプセル化

The only formula of dacarbazine (Dac) in clinical use is intravenous infusion, presenting a poor therapeutic profile due to the low dispersity of the drug ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Untargeted Metabolomics from Biological Sources Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)

Untargeted Metabolomics from Biological Sources Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry UPLC-HRMS

ウルトラパフォーマンス液体クロマトグラフィー - 高分解能質量分析（UPLC-HRMS）を使用した生物源から非標的メタボロミクス

Here we present a workflow to analyze the metabolic profiles for biological samples of interest including; cells, serum, or tissue. The sample is first ...

Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Lipid A from Gram-negative Bacteria

グラム陰性菌からの単離とリピドAの化学特性評価

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major cell surface molecule of gram-negative bacteria, deposited on the outer leaflet of the outer membrane bilayer. LPS ...

Quantitative Proteomics Using Reductive Dimethylation for Stable Isotope Labeling

安定同位体標識するための還元ジメチル化を用いた定量的プロテオミクス

Stable isotope labeling of peptides by reductive dimethylation (ReDi labeling) is a method to accurately quantify protein expression differences between ...

A Colorimetric Assay that Specifically Measures Granzyme B Proteolytic Activity: Hydrolysis of Boc-Ala-Ala-Asp-S-Bzl

のBoc-ALA-ALA-Aspを-S-Bzlのの加水分解：具体的にグランザイムBタンパク質分解活性を測定する比色アッセイ

The serine protease Granzyme B (GzmB) mediates target cell apoptosis when released by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) or natural killer (NK) cells. GzmB is ...

The Bioconjugation and Radiosynthesis of 89Zr-DFO-labeled Antibodies

The Bioconjugation and Radiosynthesis of 89Zr-DFO-labeled Antibodies

バイオコンジュゲーションとのアルタン<sup&gt; 89</sup&gt;のZr-DFO標識抗体

The exceptional affinity, specificity, and selectivity of antibodies make them extraordinarily attractive vectors for tumor-targeted PET ...

Facile Preparation of Internally Self-assembled Lipid Particles Stabilized by Carbon Nanotubes

カーボンナノチューブにより安定化内部自己組織化脂質粒子の簡便な調製

We present a facile method to prepare nanostructured lipid particles stabilized by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Single-walled (pristine) and multi-walled ...

NMR Spectroscopy as a Robust Tool for the Rapid Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Fish Oil Supplements

魚油サプリメントの脂質プロファイルの迅速な評価のための強力なツールとしてNMR分光法

The western diet is poor in n-3 fatty acids, therefore the consumption of fish oil supplements is recommended to increase the intake of these essential ...

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

分子から素材まで: ハロゲン結合を介して新しいイオン液体結晶工学

Herein, we demonstrate that a bottom-up approach, based on halogen bonding (XB), can be successfully applied for the design of a new type of ionic liquid ...

Peptide and Protein Quantification Using Automated Immuno-MALDI (iMALDI)

Peptide and Protein Quantification Using Automated Immuno-MALDI iMALDI

ペプチドおよびタンパク質定量を使用して自動免疫-MALDI (iMALDI)

Mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most commonly used technologies for quantifying proteins in complex samples, with excellent assay specificity as a ...

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

HFOB 1.19 によって生成される鉱物と Sao 2 セルを使用して透過型電子顕微鏡エネルギー分散型 x 線微小分析での分析

This video presents the use of transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (TEM-EDX) to compare the state of minerals in ...