Name: an improved method for rapid intubation of the trachea in mice
Uploaded: 2016-02-22T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Improved Method for Rapid Intubation of the Trachea in Mice at JoVE.com

Forfatterne takker Brian Johnson i Histologi og Imaging Core ved University of Washington efter hjælp til trichromfarvning og analyse. Dette arbejde blev støttet af NIH tilskud HL098067 og HL089455.

Institutional Animal Care og Brug udvalg (IACUC) ved University of Washington og Cedars-Sinai Medical Center har godkendt dyret arbejde er nødvendigt for disse undersøgelser. 1. Fremstilling <ol><li> Sterilisere både de stumpe ende pincet og den depressor via autoklaven. </li><li> Ved hjælp af en biologisk sikkerhedsskab, forberede en arbejdsgruppe bestand af BLM i PBS fra det frysetørrede pulver. Sonikeres opløsningen i 10 minutter ved 35 kHz for at sikre ensartet blanding. Bemærk: et samlet vol...

<ol>
	<li>Hyde, D. M., Hamid, Q., Irvin, C. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anatomy,+pathology,+and+physiology+of+the+tracheobronchial+tree:+emphasis+on+the+distal+airways.">Anatomy, pathology, and physiology of the tracheobronchial tree: emphasis on the distal airways.</a> J Allergy Clin Immunol. 124, S72-S77 (2009).</li><li>Rosenthal, N., Brown, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+mouse+ascending:+perspectives+for+human-disease+models.">The mouse ascending: perspectives for human-disease models.</a> Nat Cell Biol. 9, 993-999 (2007).</li><li>Peters, L. 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A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulmonary+fibrosis:+pathogenesis,+etiology+and+regulation.">Pulmonary fibrosis: pathogenesis, etiology and regulation.</a> Mucosal Immunol. 2, 103-121 (2009).</li><li>Wuyts, W. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+pathogenesis+of+pulmonary+fibrosis:+a+moving+target.">The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis: a moving target.</a> Eur Respir J. 41, 1207-1218 (2013).</li><li>Mouratis, M. A., Aidinis, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modeling+pulmonary+fibrosis+with+bleomycin.">Modeling pulmonary fibrosis with bleomycin.</a> Curr Opin Pulm Med. 17, 355-361 (2011).</li><li>Moeller, A., Ask, K., Warburton, D., Gauldie, J., Kolb, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+bleomycin+animal+model:+a+useful+tool+to+investigate+treatment+options+for+idiopathic+pulmonary+fibrosis?.">The bleomycin animal model: a useful tool to investigate treatment options for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?.</a> Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 40, 362-382 (2008).</li><li>Myll&#228;rniemi, M., Kaarteenaho, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pharmacological+treatment+of+idiopathic+pulmonary+fibrosis+-+preclinical+and+clinical+studies+of+pirfenidone,+nintedanib,+and+N-acetylcysteine.">Pharmacological treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - preclinical and clinical studies of pirfenidone, nintedanib, and N-acetylcysteine.</a> European Clinical Respiratory Journal. 2, (2015).</li><li>Reinert, T., Baldotto, C. S. d. R., Nunes, F. A. P., Scheliga, A. A. d. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bleomycin-Induced+Lung+Injury.">Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury.</a> Journal of Cancer Research. 2013, 1-9 (2013).</li><li>Lakatos, H. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oropharyngeal+aspiration+of+a+silica+suspension+produces+a+superior+model+of+silicosis+in+the+mouse+when+compared+to+intratracheal+instillation.">Oropharyngeal aspiration of a silica suspension produces a superior model of silicosis in the mouse when compared to intratracheal instillation.</a> Exp Lung Res. 32, 181-199 (2006).</li><li>Helms, M. N., Torres-Gonzalez, E., Goodson, P., Rojas, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+tracheal+instillation+of+solutes+into+mouse+lung.">Direct tracheal instillation of solutes into mouse lung.</a> J Vis Exp. , (2010).</li><li>Osier, M., Oberdorster, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intratracheal+inhalation+vs+intratracheal+instillation:+differences+in+particle+effects.">Intratracheal inhalation vs intratracheal instillation: differences in particle effects.</a> Fundam Appl Toxicol. 40, 220-227 (1997).</li><li>Driscoll, K. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intratracheal+instillation+as+an+exposure+technique+for+the+evaluation+of+respiratory+tract+toxicity:+Uses+and+Limitations.">Intratracheal instillation as an exposure technique for the evaluation of respiratory tract toxicity: Uses and Limitations.</a> Toxicol Sci. 55, 24-35 (2000).</li><li>MacDonald, K. D., Chang, H. Y., Mitzner, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+improved+simple+method+of+mouse+lung+intubation.">An improved simple method of mouse lung intubation.</a> J Appl Physiol (1985). 106, 984-987 (1985).</li><li>Spoelstra, E. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+and+simple+method+for+endotracheal+intubation+of+mice.">A novel and simple method for endotracheal intubation of mice.</a> Lab Anim. 41, 128-135 (2007).</li><li>Cai, Y., Kimura, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninvasive+intratracheal+intubation+to+study+the+pathology+and+physiology+of+mouse+lung.">Noninvasive intratracheal intubation to study the pathology and physiology of mouse lung.</a> J Vis Exp. , e50601 (2013).</li><li>Starcher, B., WIlliams, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+for+intratracheal+instillation+of+endotoxin+into+the+lungs+of+mice.">A method for intratracheal instillation of endotoxin into the lungs of mice.</a> Lab Anim. 23, 234-240 (1989).</li><li>Daubeuf, F., Frossard, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Performing+bronchoalveolar+lavage+in+the+mouse.">Performing bronchoalveolar lavage in the mouse.</a> Curr Protoc Mouse Biol. 2, 167-175 (2012).</li><li>Li, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Severe+lung+fibrosis+requires+an+invasive+fibroblast+phenotype+regulated+by+hyaluronan+and+CD44.">Severe lung fibrosis requires an invasive fibroblast phenotype regulated by hyaluronan and CD44.</a> J Exp Med. 208, 1459-1471 (2011).</li><li>Grazioli, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CYR61+(CCN1)+overexpression+induces+lung+injury+in+mice.">CYR61 (CCN1) overexpression induces lung injury in mice.</a> Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 308, L759-L765 (2015).</li><li>Redente, E. 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I tilfælde, hvor aerosolisering er upraktisk på grund af begrænset reagens tilgængelighed, sikkerhed eller pris, direkte tracheal administration er en overlegen metode til afgivelse af eksogene midler ind i lungerne 16 transtracheal instillation har været meget anvendt til at opnå dette.; Men som med alle kirurgiske indgreb, det indebærer også en risiko for komplikationer som følge af selve proceduren, og ikke nødvendigvis det middel, der indpodet. 13 Af disse grunde er...

Til trods for nogle anatomiske og fysiologiske forskelle, 1 murine modeller fortsat være uvurderlig for modellering human biologi og sygdom patogenese. 2 Fra en dyrehold synspunkt, mus er lette at håndtere, har en lav avl tid, en accelereret levetid, og er relativt billige til hus. Med udviklingen af forskellige genetiske stammer og strategier (f.eks., Betingede knock-outs, reporter mus, slægt-tracing metoder, etc.), samt den brede vifte af tilgængelige reagenser (f.eks., Antistoffer, rekombinante proteiner, inhibitorer, etc.), er mus blevet en afgørende model hvirveldyr organisme at afdække menneskelige homeostase og sygdomsprocesser. 3 Mus har været særligt værdifulde til undersøgelse pulmonale tilstande, herunder akut lungeskade (ALI) og lungefibrose. 4 ALI hos mennesker kan være forårsaget af trauma, skade, eller sepsis og er kendetegnet ved epitel- ogendotel lækage (dvs.., ødem), inflammation og spirende fibrose. Hos mange patienter ALI udvikler sig til dens alvorlige form, akut lungesvigt (ARDS), hvilket ofte resulterer i fibrose og død på grund af respiratorisk svigt. 5,6 Pulmonal fibrose er en progressiv, dødelig patologi karakteriseret ved overskydende aflejring af ekstracellulær matrix , især kollagen type l, hvilket fører til nedsat lungefunktion. 7,8 Administration af bleomycin (BLM) er den mest udbredte og bedst karakteriserede model til induktion ALI og fibrose hos forsøgsdyr. 9 Selv BLM-induceret lungefibrose hos gnavere gør ikke rekapitulere fuldt humane fibrotiske fænotyper, har 10 musestudier med denne model førte til opdagelsen af mange vigtige faktorer, der påvirker debut og progression af sygdommen. 11 Mens den nøjagtige mekanisme (r) bag BLM-induceret fibrogenese er ukendte, den initierende skademenes at stamme fra kontakt-afhængige DNA strengbrud i epitelceller, der beklæder ledende luftveje og alveoler og navnlig, type 1 pneumocytter. 12. Behovet for direkte kontakt mellem BLM og pulmonal epitel understreger betydningen af en solid levering rute , og disse bekymringer er også relevant for en bred vifte af behandlinger målrettet til de distale luftveje, herunder rekombinante proteiner, antistoffer, siRNA, virus, bakterier, partikler og mere. Oropharyngeal aspiration (OPA) har været meget anvendt til dette formål 13, men en større en mangel ved OPA er, at en vis del af den leverede middel kan sluges i mavetarmkanalen, hvilket fører til unøjagtighed i den administrerede dosis. En anden almindeligt anvendt fremgangsmåde er transtracheal instillation, som involverer trakeostomi under stærk bedøvelse for at eksponere luftrøret og inddrypning af et middel direkte ind i luftvejene. 14 imidlertid ikke alene kan disseen procedure være uønsket på grund af sin invasivitet, men det er også tidskrævende, kræver en retfærdig bit af uddannelse, og forårsager en potent skade luftvejene er blevet udviklet. 15,16 Flere protokoller, der involverer den direkte administration af midler til trachea uden behov for kirurgisk intervention, 16,17,18,19,20 men disse fremgangsmåder involverer forlænget genstartstider forårsaget af kraftige anæstetika, brug af dyrt udstyr (dvs.., otoskop / laryngoskop, kommercielt tilgængelige procedure boards, fiberoptisk ledninger, etc.), et overskud af manipulation i mundhulen, og usikkerhed med hensyn til dosering. Dette papir beskriver en forholdsvis let metode til indgivelse via intubation, der tillader en forsker for hurtigt, billigt og pålideligt bibringe et reagens i den murine lunge med begrænset risiko for resterende skader på det omgivende væv.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:481px;">Bleomycin For Injection, 30 units/vial</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">APP Pharmaceuticals, LLC</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">103720</td>
			<td style="width:604px;">For best results, BLM should be suspended in PBS, aliquoted, and stored as single use lyophilzed aliquots</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Blunt End Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tongue Depressor (i.e. bent Valleylab Blade Electrode, 2.4&#34;)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Covidien</td>
			<td>E1551G</td>
			<td>Before use, create a 45 degree bend 1.5 cm&#160; from the blade tip. A suitable depressor can also be created from any metal implement of similar dimensions.&#160;</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Exel Safelet Catheter 22G X 1&#34;</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Exel International</td>
			<td>26746</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1 mL Slip-tip Disposable Tuberculin Syringe (200/sp, 1600/ca)</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">BD</td>
			<td>309659</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.2ml Pipettor and Filter Tips</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:481px;">Fiber-Lite Illuminator. Model 181-1: Model 180 mated with Standard Dual Gooseneck illuminator</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Dolan Jenner Industries, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">181-1</td>
			<td>Lower output LED illuminators are not recommended as they fail to suficiently illuminate the trachea.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Intubation Board</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">N/A</td>
			<td>See Diagram 1.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Colored Label Tape: 0.5&#160;in. Wide</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>15-901-15A</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Oxygen&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Phosphate-Buffered Saline, 1X</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Corning</td>
			<td>21-040-CV</td>
			<td>Product should be sterile</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Non-Sterile Silk Black Braided Suture Spool, 91.4 m, Size 4-0</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>517698</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Table Top Anesthesia Machine Isoflurane</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Highland Medical Equipment</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>http://www.highlandmedical.net/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Slide Top Induction Mouse Isoflurane Chamber</td>
			<td>MIP / Anesthesia Technologies</td>
			<td>AS-01-0530-SM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FORANE (isoflurane, USP) Liquid For Inhalation 100 mL&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Baxter</td>
			<td>1001936040</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#160;Nanozoomer Digital Pathology system</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Hamamatsu</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">IgM ELISA Quantification Kit&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Bethyl Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">E90-101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an improved method for rapid intubation of the trachea in mice

Despite some anatomical and physiological differences, mouse models continue to be an essential tool for studying human lung disease. Bleomycin toxicity is a commonly used model to study both acute lung injury and fibrosis, and multiple methods have been developed for administering bleomycin (and other toxic agents) into the lungs. However, many of these approaches, such as transtracheal instillation, have inherent drawbacks, including the need for strong anesthetics and survival surgery. This paper reports a quick, reproducible method of intratracheal intubation that involves mild inhaled anesthesia, visualization of the trachea, and the use of a surrogate spirometer to confirm exposure. As a proof of concept, 8-12 week old C57BL/6 mice were administered either 2.0 U/kg of bleomycin or an equivalent volume of PBS, and both damage and fibrotic endpoints were measured post-exposure. This procedure allows researchers to treat a large cohort of mice in a relatively short period with little expense and minimal post-procedure care.

Intuberet mus blev overvåget dagligt for vægttab og nød, og ofret 4, 10 eller 17 dage senere via intraperitoneal injektion af 2,5% 2,2,2 tribromethanol. Bronkoalveolær lavage (BAL) blev indsamlet i tre vaske PBS som beskrevet andetsteds 21 og højre lunge blev fikseret i 10% formalin, paraffin indlejret og farvet med Massons Trichrome af University of Washington Histologi og Imaging Core 22. <p class="jove_content" fo:keep-together.within-p...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Improved Method for Rapid Intubation of the Trachea in Mice at JoVE.com

An Improved Method for Rapid Intubation of the Trachea in Mice

En forbedret fremgangsmåde til hurtig intubation af trachea i mus

Denne artikel præsenterer en hurtig og enkel metode til administration af bleomycin direkte i musen luftrøret via intubation. Vigtige fordele ved denne metode er, at det er meget reproducerbar, let at mestre, og kræver ikke specielt udstyr eller langvarige opsving gange.

Despite some anatomical and physiological differences, mouse models continue to be an essential tool for studying human lung disease. Bleomycin toxicity ...

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